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Formulación Magistral y Digitalización: dos herramientas clave de la Farmacia Hospitalaria para la Innovación en Salud
Get PDFEn esta Tesis Doctoral se han propuesto dos soluciones basadas en la utilización de la Formulación Magistral y la Digitalización desde los Servicios de Farmacia para dar respuesta a dos situaciones clínicas no resueltas: el empleo de una solución de inyección submucosa en polipectomías y la consulta y búsqueda de fórmulas de nutrición. En la primera sección, se ha diseñado, desarrollado, caracterizado y trasladado a la clínica un hidrogel termosensible. En la segunda sección, se ha desarrollado una herramienta digital que facilita la búsqueda dirigida de fórmulas de nutrición y la comparativa entre ellas. Las dos alternativas desarrolladas visualizan el papel de la Formulación Magistral y la Digitalización como herramientas clave en la Investigación Traslacional y la Innovación en Salu
Physicochemical Properties and Microbiome of Vineyard Soils from DOP Ribeiro (NW Spain) Are Influenced by Agricultural Management
Get PDFAgricultural management influences the soil ecosystem by affecting its physicochemical properties, residues of pesticides and microbiome. As vineyards grow crops with the highest incidence of pesticides, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of conventional and sustainable management systems of vineyards from DOP Ribeiro on the soil’s condition. Samples from soils under three different management systems were collected, and the main soil physicochemical properties were evaluated. A selection of 50 pesticides were investigated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The bacterial and fungal microbiomes were characterized through amplicon sequencing. The results show that organic agriculture positively influences soil pH and the concentration of some nutrients compared to conventional management. Our microbiome analysis demonstrated that transitioning from conventional to organic management significantly improves several BeCrop® indexes related to key microbial metabolism and soil bio-sustainability. Such a transition does not affect soil alpha diversity, but leads to a higher interconnected microbial network structure. Moreover, differential core genera and species for each management system are observed. In addition, the correlation of the microbiome with geographical distance is evidence of the existence of different microbial terroirs within DOP Ribeiro. Indeed, sustainable management leads to higher nutrient availability and enhances soil health in the short term, while lowering pesticide usageThis research was supported by Consellería do Medio Rural—Xunta de Galicia, grant number AC2021E-02 with funds from European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (FEADER) (75%), Xunta de Galicia (22.5%) and Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Spain (MAPA) (2.5%).S
'Localizing' the 2030 Agenda: Analysis of the determinants of the disclosure of information on the Sustainable Development Goals by Spanish municipalities
Get PDFThe concept of sustainability in economic development
emerged in the Brundtland Report in 1987. In 2015, the UN's
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development became a major
global milestone. Local governments, due to their proximity to
citizens, play a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). However, in Spain, the disclosure of
sustainability information is voluntary and influenced by
socioeconomic and political factors. This study analyses data
from 102 municipalities between 2016 and 2021. The results
show a growing commitment to the SDGs, especially after the
COVID-19 pandemic, with larger municipalities, female mayors
and left-wing governments showing higher SDG disclosure. This
research advances our understanding of local government
sustainability eefforts and their determinants
Analytical methodology for unveiling human exposure to (micro)plastic additives
Get PDFThis review describes a wide variety of analytical approaches for the assessment of human exposure to organic chemicals associated with plastic additives, focusing on works published in the last decade on plasticizers, bisphenols, flame retardants and antioxidants. Physiologically based extraction tests serve as preliminary in-vitro assays to determine the bioaccessibility of these compounds from micro/nanoplastics in body fluids of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or lung. Whenever plastic-laden compounds become bioavailable, human metabolism is to be monitored through the assessment of phase I and II metabolites. In this regard, analytical methods based on chromatography and mass spectrometry for human biomonitoring of parent compounds and their metabolites in biological samples (mostly urine and plasma) are discussed in depth. This review also covers the role of wastewater-based epidemiology in determining the overall human exposure of a given population to plastic-related species.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) and the Spanish Research Agency (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through the AQUASOMIC project (PID2020-117686RB-C31; PID2020-117686RB-C32; PID2020-117686RB-C33), the MICIU, the AEI and the EU through the REefVOLUTION (TED2021-131303B–I00/MICIU/AEI/NextGenerationEU/PRTR) project, the Xunta de Galicia government (ED431C 2021/06) and the Basque Government through the Consolidated Research Group Grant (IT1446-22). Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera acknowledges University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), the Spanish Ministry of Universities and the European Union (Next Generation EU) for his Maria Zambrano postdoctoral fellowship. Mikel Musatadi also thanks the Basque Government for his predoctoral fellowship.S
Wastewater-based epidemiology methodology to investigate human exposure to bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S.
Get PDFWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become an invaluable tool for tracking the evolution of use or exposure of/to numerous substances. Bisphenols, commonly utilized in manufacturing plastic goods, have been categorized as endocrine disrupting chemicals, underscoring the critical need for real-time data on their local-level exposure to safeguard public health. In this study, we have developed a novel analytical method and WBE framework for the assessment of population-level exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and its most prominent substitutes, bisphenols F and S (BPF and BPS), through the determination their Phase II metabolites in wastewater by WBE. Stability and exclusivity tests denoted that glucuronides are not stable in sewage, whereas sulfate metabolites are good biomarkers. Therefore, a solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the bisphenols’ monosulfates and BPA bissulfate. The analytical method was validated with three different wastewater matrices, providing trueness (as recovery) in the 79–112 % range with relative standard deviations < 12 %, and method quantification limits below 2 ng L−1 for monosulfates, but higher (35 ng L−1) for BPA bissulfate. Subsequently, the method was applied to 24h-composite raw wastewater samples collected over a week in 4 different locations in Spain and Portugal. BPA bissulfate was not detected, but the three monosulfate metabolites of each bisphenol were positively detected in the samples, being the metabolite of BPA the most prevalent, followed by those of BPF and BPS. Community-wide BPA intake was then estimated to be higher than the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 × 10−4 µg kg−1day−1 in all locations. In the case of BPF and BPS, there is not enough metabolism data or even established limit, but they would also surpass safe levels in several locations if a similar metabolism and TDI would be assumed. This innovative method could be used to a larger set of wastewater-treatment plants as an early-warning approach on human exposure to bisphenols.This research was funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación – MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (RED2022-134363-T, PID2020-117686RB-C32 and PID2020-117686RB-C31) and Consellería de Cultura de Galicia, Educación e Universidades (ED481A-2020/258 and ED431C 2021/06).S
Foliaciones Transversalmente Homogéneas No Unimodulares
Get PDFEn esta tesis estudiamos la cohomología básica de las foliaciones transversalmente
homogéneas, generalizando resultados clásicos para las foliaciones de Lie y dando
condiciones para que una foliación transversalmente homogénea sea unimodular.
Estos resultados nos permiten enunciar nuestro teorema principal: en una foliación
transversalmente homogénea no unimodular sobre una variedad compacta, si se cumplen
ciertas hipótesis, se tiene que o bien la variedad, o bien las adherencias de las
hojas, o bien el espacio total del fibrado de Blumenthal asociado a la foliación, fibran
sobre S1
Incidencia, factores de riesgo y modelos de predicción de desarrollo de diabetes en una población general gallega. Estudio AEGIS
Get PDFLa diabetes se ha convertido en una de las pandemias del siglo XXI, definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como una de las cuatro enfermedades no transmisibles prioritarias. Múltiples factores de riesgo influyen en su desarrollo y conocerlos es fundamental para controlar y frenar la expansión de esta enfermedad. En esta tesis doctoral, a partir de una muestra de 1 516 individuos de una población general de Galicia, se estudia la prevalencia y la incidencia de la diabetes, así como sus factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, biométricos, analíticos y de estilo de vida. A partir de estos datos, se han elaborado tres modelos de predicción del riesgo de desarrollar la diabetes a 3 y a 5 años, representados en formato iconográfico y aplicables en distintas situaciones de la consulta clínica diaria
Still open research questions on technologies, microplastics, and antibiotic resistance
Get PDFIn this final chapter, a summary of the still open questions to be solved for the scale-up of the technologies described in the previous chapters (including post-treatment options), for application in cold and temperate climate areas is provided. Special attention is dedicated to upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs), which are, even if with different peculiarities, the most promising solutions. In addition to anaerobic mainstream treatment technologies, recent research demand focuses also on two important emerging topics, which are of interest not only for anaerobic wastewater treatment, but also for conventional activated sludge plants, that is, the fate of microplastics (MPs) in plants and in receiving water bodies and the antibiotic resistance spreading. For these two topics, which were not analyzed in detail in the previous chapters, we propose in this chapter a general presentation of the state of knowledge in relation to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with particular focus on anaerobic systems and related research needs. Concerning MPs, in spite they are recognized as ubiquitous pollutants, there is a strong research demand on the standardization of sampling and analytical protocols and on powerful technologies able to improve their removal. Even though information about the fate and effect of MPs in WWTPs with anaerobic treatments is scarce, AnMBRs have demonstrated high removal rates, which suggest them as a promising technology. As regard to antibiotic resistance, WWTPs are one of the main sources of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and antibiotic residues into the environment. Even if the available data are referring mainly to warm climate regions, it is worth noting that anaerobic reactors, alone or in combination with aerobic post-treatment, can remove from 0.5 to 3.0 log units of ARBs and ARGs depending on the resistance bacteria or gene. Also in this case AnMBRs achieved the best performance while good results have been also obtained with combined treatment options (i.e., anaerobic–aerobic and anaerobic post-treatment). Research demand on antibiotic resistance is driven by the need of clarifying the fate of ARBs, ARGs, antibiotics, pathogens in the treatment line, and the effects of wastewater characteristics on the plant performance. Important challenge is the development and evaluation of more effective disinfection and treatment methods (such as ultrafiltration and advanced oxidative processes) able to reduce the antibiotic resistance spreading from WWTPs
Prácticas colaborativas en arte en España durante la década de los noventa: Agustín Parejo School, Preiswert Arbeitskollegen (Sociedad de Trabajo no Alienado), Estrujenbank y La Fiambrera
No full textEsta tesis investiga un cambio de paradigma en el entramado
artístico de los años noventa en el contexto español de la
mano de unas prácticas artísticas de naturaleza colaborativa
que, desplazaron los límites de los marcos de acción y de
sentido de un arte que había dejado de representar la realidad
para intervenir directamente en ella. Se toman como
casos de estudio, cuatro colectivos: Agustín Parejo School,
Preiswert Arbeitskollegen (Sociedad de Trabajo no Alienado),
Estrujenbank y La Fiambrera.2025-04-2
Un nuevo modelo de administración de tierras para la ordenación del territorio frente a las amenazas de origen natural
Get PDFLa planeación y ordenación del territorio son obligaciones de
todos los niveles político-administrativos en un país
amenazado por eventos catastróficos como inundaciones,
terremotos, deslizamientos de tierra, actividad volcánica y
sequía. La gestión del riesgo de desastres incluyendo los
conceptos integradores de la norma ISO 19152 registra los
predios expuestos a las múltiples amenazas en términos de
derechos, restricciones y responsabilidades, facilitando la
reducción de la vulnerabilidad, indispensable para la toma de
decisiones en la administración del territorio. Este modelo
orientado a la creación de una infraestructura de datos
espaciales de riesgos empieza en el nivel local, optimizando la
adopción de medidas de prevención y reducción del riesgo