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Investigation of in vitro biotransformation of tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and confirmation in human urine
Full text linkTris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) is one of the major organophosphate flame retardants present in the indoor and outdoor environment. Knowledge of biotransformation pathways is important to elucidate potential bioavailability and toxicity of TCIPP and to identify relevant biomarkers. This study aimed to identify TCIPP metabolites through in vitro human metabolism assays and finally to confirm these findings in urine samples from an occupationally exposed population to propose new biomarkers to accurately monitor exposure to TCIPP.
TCIPP was incubated with human liver microsomes and human liver cytosol to identify Phase I and Phase II metabolites, by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Using a suspect-screening approach, the established biomarkers bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) hydrogen phosphate (BCIPP) and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) were identified. In addition, carboxyethyl bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP-M1), bis (1-chloropropan-2-yl) (-oxopropan-2-yl) phosphate (TCIPP-M2) and 1-chloro-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl bis (1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate (TCIPP-M3) were identified. TCIPP-M2, an intermediate product, was not reported before in literature. In urine samples, apart from BCIPP and BCIPHIPP, TCIPP-M1 and TCIPP-M3 were identified for the first time. Interestingly, BCIPP showed the lowest detection frequency, likely due to the poor sensitivity for this compound. Therefore, TCIPP-M1 and TCIPP-M3 could serve as potential additional biomarkers to more efficiently monitor TCIPP exposure in humans.This work was supported by the Interuniversity Special Research Fund from Flanders (iBOF Grant BOFIBO2021001102, Flexigut project) and the Exposome Centre of Excellence of the University of Antwerp (BOF grant, Antigoon database number 41222). L. Belova and M. Roggeman acknowledge funding through Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) fellowships (11G1821N and 1133223N respectively). Authors from the University of Santiago de Compostela further acknowledge funding through Consellería de Cultura de Galicia, Educación e Universidades (ref. ED481A-2020/258 & ED431C 2021/06) and Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación – MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (ref. PID2020-117686RB-C32). A. Klimowska acknowledges a fellowship (BPN/BEK/2021/1/00132/U/00001) funded by the National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) under the Bekker Programme (2021).S
Comparative analysis of anterior corneal surface characteristics measured by two topographers and two autokeratometers
Full text linkBackground: Precise quantification of corneal parameters enhances the clinical of the anterior corneal surface for various clinical assessments, with ongoing research focusing on optimizing everyday practice through device comparison studies. The study aimed to compare the agreement on the anterior corneal surface characteristics values measured by four commercially available devices: EyeSys 2000, Oculus Easygraph, ARK700A and ARK510A. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study involving 50 eyes from healthy volunteer recruited among subjects attending for an eye examination. Corneal radius minimum keratometry reading (min-K) and maximum keratometry reading (max-K), astigmatism axis and eccentricity were measured in all participants with EyeSys, Oculus Easygraph, ARK700A and ARK510A. Measurements were performed three times only in the right eye in random order by four optometrists who were unaware of the results of the other researchers. Results: A statistically significant difference occurred for the measurements of the corneal radius (Greenhouse-Geisser and Huynh-Feldt: P≤0.001 for both max-K and min-K radius) and the axis of astigmatism (Friedman: P<0.001), between the four devices. Pairwise comparisons revealed no radius differences between Oculus Easygraph and ARK510A (Sidak: min-K radius, P=0.231; max-K radius, P=0.224), and no axis differences in all pairwise analyses that have not imply the EyeSys (Wilcoxon: all P≥0.130). There was no statistical difference in the eccentricity value obtained by the topographers (paired t-test: P=0.507). Conclusions: The present study showed that EyeSys 2000 measurements differed from those of the other devices across all parameters. Alternatively, both topographers showed a perfect agreement concerning eccentricity measurements in everyday practice.S
Acuerdo del Consejo de Gobierno del 24-07-204, que aprobó el Reglamento en materia de reconocimiento y transferencia de créditos para los estudios oficiales de Grao y Máster de la USC
No full textDocumento en galego.
Data de publicación no taboleiro electrónico da USC o 30/07/2024.
Data de entrada en vigor o 1 de febreiro de 202
Adaptaçao e rendimento académico dos estudantes portugueses de engenharia do primeiro ano do Ensino Superior Politécnico: o efeito da aceitação percebida e da aprendizagem autorregulada
Full text linkA adaptação e o rendimento académico são componentes nucleares dos
principais modelos teóricos que explicam o progresso académico no ensino superior. Ambas as
dimensões são consideradas dependentes da interação de fatores de natureza pessoal e
contextual. Entre os contextuais é atribuída especial importância aos de índole relacional, como
a aceitação percebida. No que diz respeito aos pessoais, destaca-se a competência para
autorregular a aprendizagem. Com base na teoria da autodeterminação, pode-se esperar que a
aceitação percebida favoreça o desenvolvimento da autorregulação, o que por sua vez teria um
efeito positivo na adaptação e no rendimento académico
Temporal Variations in Convergence Insufficiency Symptomatic Status among University Students before and after COVID-19: A Longitudinal Analysis from 2018 to 2023
Full text linkThe present study aimed to assess the symptomatic status of Convergence Insufficiency (CI) in university students from 2018 to 2023 considering the educational environment pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic confinements. A Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) was conducted annually from 2018 to 2023, excluding 2020, in an initial group of 217 third-year Optics and Optometry degree university student participants. In the final group (178 participants), the statistical differences in CISS scores between years were analysed, both overall and by questionnaire subgroup, along with associations between CISS diagnostic categories before and after 2020. Significant differences were found between years in the subscale and total score analyses (Kruskal–Wallis, both p ≤ 0.049). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences for the performance subgroup in 2021 vs. 2019 and 2018 (Mann–Whitney, both p ≤ 0.004), while in terms of the total score, there was a statistical difference in 2021 vs. 2018 (Mann–Whitney, p < 0.001). The distribution analysis indicated a significant difference between groups (Chi, p = 0.004), with participants from 2021 or later more likely to exhibit higher CISS scores (OR = 3.47, 95%CI 1.04–8.58). The present study shows significant temporal increments in symptomatic status related to CI among university students from 2018 to 2023, indicating a potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic educational landscape on these outcomes.S
Foreign knowledge sources and innovation: Differences across large and small and medium-size multinational enterprises (MNEs)
Full text linkMultinational enterprises (MNEs) can take advantage of cross-border knowledge sourcing and internationalisation spillovers. Nevertheless, the influence of these two foreign knowledge sources on innovation has been scarcely analysed in the MNEs. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, to apply multilevel modelling in the study of MNEs' innovation. Second, to analyse how the region's foreign knowledge sources affect innovation based on R&D in MNEs. Third, to explore whether this influence differs between large and small and medium-size MNEs (SM-MNEs). We used multilevel panel data analysis in a sample of 1471 Spanish MNEs over the period 2009 to 2016. The results indicate that the firm-level factors have a stronger relationship with the propensity to innovate in MNEs than the region's foreign knowledge sources. Nevertheless, the effect of these region's knowledge sources in explaining the differences across MNEs in innovation is more substantive in large MNEs than in SM-MNEsS
Current knowledge regarding biological recolonization of stone cultural heritage after cleaning treatments
Full text linkBiocolonization causes physical-chemical and aesthetic biodeterioration, which depreciates the artistic value of outdoor works of art, leading to the use of (often expensive) treatments to remove the colonizing organisms. Such treatments are generally considered successful if they eliminate the biocolonization; however, subsequent recolonization of the cleaned substrate is generally overlooked by both public administrations and researchers. This review aimed to gather current scientific knowledge about the biological recolonization of stone-built cultural heritage after cleaning treatments. It is difficult to draw strong conclusions from the few studies on recolonization of cultural heritage, as each study involves different treatments, target organisms, substrates and climatic conditions. However, recolonization by fungi appears to be faster than recolonization by other organisms. Long term studies should be conducted to identify recolonization processes that may take some time and also involve various types of organisms. Short-term studies have only detected recolonization by generalist species, while long-term studies have shown recolonization by specialist species similar to the previous colonizer communityThis work was supported by Xunta de Galicia, Spain [ED431 2022/09 and 16_IN606D_2021_2608973]S
Positive radial solutions for Dirichlet problems in the ball
No full textWe are concerned with existence, localization and multiplicity of positive radial solutions to Dirichlet problems with Ø-Laplacians in a ball, in both scalar and system cases. Our approach essentially relies on fixed point index computations and a main feature is that it avoids any Harnack type inequality. Applications to some problems involving operators with Uhlenbeck structure are discussed.J. Rodríguez–López has been partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain), AIE and Feder , grant PID2020-113275GB-I00.S
Advancing biorefinery design through the integration of metabolic models
Full text linkThis study introduces an innovative methodology for early-stage biorefinery design and analysis through the integration of metabolic models into superstructure optimization. The focus is on two types of metabolic models: i) those where ideal growth conditions are assumed, and ii) those where growth is dependent on environmental variables. Metabolic models offer a comprehensive and dynamic representation of the bioreactor system, unbound by the limitations of traditional kinetic models or the need of extensive experimental data. The integration of these models involves a curation and validation process, ensuring that the metabolic capabilities of the microorganisms are accurately represented. Once validated, the models are plugged into the superstructure in the form of surrogate equations that can be handled by the optimization problem for the superstructure. The effectiveness of this methodology is then tested and critically analyzed with the help of two case studies. The primary contribution of this work lies in its effective identification of the most favorable combinations of substrates and microorganisms. The outcome establishes the feasibility of utilizing different substrates and microorganisms in a biorefinery context, thereby highlighting the value of metabolic models in a superstructure optimization framework for exploring early-stage biorefinery schemes. This approach holds significant promise in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of future biorefinery systems.This work was supported by project ALQUIMIA (PID2019-110993RJ-I00) funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación Alquimia: Proyecto de I- D-i Programa Retos de la sociedad modalidad Jovenes investigadores convocatoria. A. Regueira would like to acknowledge the support of the Xunta de Galicia through a postdoctoral fellowship (ED481B-2021-012). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group ED431C-2021/37, cofounded by ERRF (EU).S
Study of scintillation properties and performance of CsI(Tl) detectors over time
Full text linkThis work presents a systematic study of the properties (Light Output Non-Uniformity (LONU) and energy resolution) of two CsI(Tl) scintillation units over a span of almost three years, under adverse conditions of humidity and temperature. These two crystals are part of the CALIFA detector, a highly segmented calorimeter and spectrometer for
rays and light-charged particles, that is placed surrounding the reaction target at Cave C, the experimental cave of the R
B (Reactions with Radioactive Relativistic Beams) collaboration at the GSI-FAIR facilities in Darmstadt, Germany. The findings obtained after the experiment indicate that there was no significant impact on the performance in terms of resolution and LONU. This suggests that the employed wrapping for light collection effectively serves as an excellent barrier against humidity. As a result, the crystal is preserved in a far better condition than initially anticipated.The first author’s work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science (grant PRE2019-087415).S