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Red giant winds driven by Alfven waves with magnetic diffusion
No full textIndexación: Web of Science.We investigate the driving mechanism of Alfven wave-driven stellar winds from red giant stars, Arcturus (alpha Boo; K1.5 III) and Aldebaran (alpha Tau; K5 III), with non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations in one-dimensional super-radially open flux tubes. As the atmosphere is not fully ionized, upward propagating Alfvenic waves excited by surface convection are affected by ambipolar diffusion. Our fiducial run with the non-ideal MHD effect for alpha Boo gives a time-averaged mass-loss rate, =3.3x10(-11) M-circle dot yr(-1), which is more than one order of magnitude reduced from the result in the ideal MHD run and nicely explains the observational value. Magnetized hot bubbles, with temperature T greater than or similar to 10(6) K, are occasionally present simultaneously with cool gas with T similar to a few thousand K in the atmosphere because of the thermal instability triggered by radiative cooling; there coexist fully ionized plasma-emitting soft X-rays and molecules absorbing/emitting infrared radiations. The inhomogeneity in the atmosphere also causes large temporal variations in the mass-loss rate within an individual magnetic flux tube. We also study the effect of magnetic field strength and metallicity, and find that the wind density, and accordingly the mass-loss rate, positively and sensitively depends on both of them through the ambipolar diffusion of Alfvenic waves. The non-ideal MHD simulation for alpha Tau, which is slightly more evolved than alpha Boo and has a weaker magnetic field, results in weaker wind with =1.5x10(-12) M circle dot yr(-1) with the atmospheric temperature less than or similar to 10(5 )K throughout the simulation time. However, given the observations implying the presence of locally strong magnetic fields on the surface of alpha Tau, we also conduct a simulation with a field strength twice as strong. This results in =2.0x10(-11) M circle dot yr(-1)-comparable to the observed value-with transient magnetized hot bubbles.https://www-webofscience-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:00151896660000
Testing the core-periphery hypothesis: a standardised multi-phylum assessment of genetic diversity of marine coastal species
No full textIndexación: Web of Science.The core-periphery hypothesis (CPH) predicts that genetic diversity is greatest at the centre and lowest at the edges of a species' distribution because genetic diversity is a function of a species' abundance, which is also expected to be greatest at the centre and lowest at the edges of the distribution. Variants of the CPH include the 'Ramped North' (greatest variation in the north), the 'Ramped South' (greatest in the south), and the 'Abundant Edge' (greatest at the distributional edges). Here, we present the first standardised multi-phylum analysis of the CPH using nine indices of genetic diversity for New Zealand's marine biota, covering 52 species. Based on 80 studies across eight phyla, spatial variation in the genetic indices was tested against four models (Normal (N), Ramped North (RN), Ramped South (RS), Abundant Edge (AE)). Only 22.7% of all individual taxon-specific tests were statistically significant: Ramped North (10.5%), Ramped South (7.4%), Abundant Edge (2.6%) and Normal (2.2%). Nonetheless, amongst the Chordata (Ramped North and Ramped South), Arthropoda (Ramped South) and Mollusca (Ramped North), a reasonably consistent pattern of genetic variation was observed within each phylum. Spatially-explicit genetic diversity of the remaining taxa fitted different models but without any obvious pattern across the phyla. Generalised binomial testing of observed p-values for each genetic index across all studies revealed that 10 of 29 tests were significant (5 RN, 2 N, 2 RS, 1 AE). Overall, our meta-analysis revealed no real support for the CPH and only limited support for a Ramped model (either Ramped North or Ramped South) of spatially-explicit genetic diversity. For New Zealand coastal marine taxa, we conclude that consistently strong patterns of genetic variation across multiple taxa do not exist and the CPH requires extensive testing from multiple other regions before we can say that such patterns exist, let alone explain them.https://www-webofscience-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:00151651000000
Synthesis, insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of new N-arylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives containing an N-arylmethylpiperidine scaffold inspired on donepezil structure
No full textIndexación: Scopus.Reducing Aedes aegypti population using natural or synthetic insecticides remains one of the main strategies for controlling diseases such as dengue, Zika or Chikungunya, as this mosquito is their primary vector. Traditionally, some organic compounds -mainly carbamates or organophosphates derivatives- have been employed for this purpose. These insecticides act as irreversible inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), which results in high nonspecific toxicity. Moreover, the eventual development of resistance highlights the need to explore new alternatives. In this study a series of sixteen (16) new N-arylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives containing an N-arylmethylpiperidine scaffold inspired by the structure of donepezil structure, were designed and synthesized, using a mild and efficient methodology via cationic Povarov reaction. This approach enabled access to the N-arylmethyl tetrahydroquinoline core with good to high yields (61–94 %). The biological activity of these compounds was then evaluated through insecticidal activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition assays, as indicators of their potential as insecticidal agents. In preliminary insecticidal activity assay, compounds 4d, 4e, 4f and 4j were identified as the most active, with LC50 of 42, 21, 88 and 65 μg/mL after 24 h of treatment. Enzymatic assays showed that compounds 4a, 4e and 4 m exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 8.32 ± 0.32, 16.43 ± 1.13, and 13.23 ± 1.42 μM, respectively. Among them, compound 4e emerged as the most promising candidate. Finally, silico studies, including molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations, revealed the stability and strong binding interactions of the three most active compounds (4a, 4e, and 4 m) against A. aegypti AChE. © 2025 The Authorshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045206825006960?pes=vor&utm_source=scopus&getft_integrator=scopusFunding text
This research was supported by project FONDECYT 1240695 (Yorley Duarte) and the Universidad Industrial de Santander Project VIE 3737 (Arnold R. Romero Boh\u00F3rquez). ARRB and MSR thanks the Universidad Industrial de Santander for support (VIE, Programa Estancias Posdoctorales 2024).S
Evaluación de competencias en la formación inicial docente en Educación Física: revisión sistemática
No full textIndexación: ScopusIntroduction: Competency assessment in physical education teacher education is fundamental to develop essential skills in professional practice. These competencies include technical knowledge, practical skills and a comprehensive approach that encompasses pedagogical and ethical dimensions. The diversity in competencies reflects the plurality of approaches adopted by higher education institutions, which prioritize different areas to respond to the demands of the current school system. Objective: Analyze the types of competencies assessed during physical education teacher training. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement, covering articles in WoS, Scopus, Sportdiscus and ERIC databases, until July 2024. Studies were selected according to specific inclusion criteria. Results: Of a total of 820 studies identified, 38 met the inclusion criteria and were classified into seven main categories: a) Communication competencies; b) Technological and digital competencies; c) Didactic and pedagogical competencies; d) Personal and socioemotional competencies; e) Inclusion and adaptation to diverse contexts competencies; f) Professional identity and ethics competencies; and g) Evaluative and feedback competencies. Conclusion: The prioritization of pedagogical and socioemotional competencies in the training of physical education teachers fosters a comprehensive approach that generates a balanced and adaptable training, promoting effective performance in diverse educational contexts. © Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas.S
Sospecha de disquinesia paroxística kinesigénica en paciente deportista de 15 años
No full textEste documento presenta un caso de sospecha de disquinesia paroxística kinesigénica (DPK) en un paciente deportista chileno de 15 años. La DPK es un trastorno neurológico raro que causa episodios breves de distonía o movimientos coreoatetósicos desencadenados por el movimiento, sin pérdida de conciencia ni dolor.
El caso describe a un paciente masculino de 15 años que experimenta episodios matutinos de parálisis transitoria en ambas manos, dolor y contracción muscular en las extremidades superiores, desencadenados por ejercicio físico intenso, especialmente al correr. Estos episodios duran entre 20 segundos y 1 minuto. Su examen neurológico y sus exámenes de laboratorio son normales.
Aunque no se ha iniciado tratamiento, se considera la carbamazepina si la condición progresa y estudios genéticos en el futuro. El documento enfatiza la importancia de considerar la DPK en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jóvenes con disquinesia para evitar exámenes y procedimientos innecesarios, ya que existen tratamientos farmacológicos eficaces.S
Redox Imbalance Is Associated with Neuronal Apoptosis in the Cortex of Neonates Gestated Under Chronic Hypoxia
No full textIndexación: Web of Science.Gestational chronic hypoxia impacts prenatal development, leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR), defined as the fetus's failure to reach its genetic growth potential. Postnatal hypoxia in the cerebral tissue can induce a redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, consequently increasing neuronal death. However, these data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to prenatal hypoxia. In this regard, this study aims to describe the effect of gestational hypoxia on redox balance and apoptosis cell death mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex of guinea pigs. Ten Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) pregnant dams were utilized in this study; five gestated in normoxia (Nx; three newborn males, and two females) and five gestated under chronic hypobaric hypoxia (Hx; two newborn males, and three females). We monitored the pregnancies by ultrasound examinations from gestational days 20 to 65 (term similar to 70). At birth, pups were euthanized, and the fetal brain was collected for cellular redox measurement, mitochondrial enzyme expression, and apoptosis assay. Gestation under hypoxia induced an imbalance in the expression of anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes, resulting in increased oxidative stress. Additionally, a decrease in cytochrome I and III expression and neuronal density in the neonatal prefrontal cortex was observed. Finally, DNA fragmentation was increased by the TUNEL assay in the brain tissue of newborns gestated under chronic hypoxia. Our findings demonstrate the association of gestational hypoxia with oxidative stress and neuronal death in newborns, which may predispose to neuronal dysfunction in adulthood.https://www-webofscience-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:00151572200000
Boletín de Resúmenes de Trabajos, Jornada Científica de Estudiantes de Tecnología Médica UNAB. No.1 Primer Semestre 2025.
No full textEn la formación profesional de nuestros estudiantes, el desarrollo de investigación científica aporta una experiencia formativa única que es difícil de replicar en otro tipo de actividad. No por nada va de la mano con el nivel taxonómico más alto de Bloom: Crear. No hay acto académico más bello que crear nuevo conocimiento, que nazca de la curiosidad y que se responda por medio de la investigación. Para lograr esto, es necesaria una amplia gama de herramientas enseñadas a lo largo de todo el proceso formativo de nuestros estudiantes, representando la cúspide académica del largo camino formativo personal, una síntesis de aprendizajes que da cuenta del camino recorrido.
Creemos profundamente en la solemnidad de este espacio y la relevancia que implica formar parte de la generación de conocimiento para las futuras generaciones. Nos llena de orgullo acompañar la evolución de nuestros estudiantes y que su formación avanza a una meta concreta, pero también, nos gustaría permear en ustedes el deseo de la curiosidad, madre de toda la ciencia, por seguir aprendiendo.
Que esta jornada no sea un cierre, sino más bien el inicio de un perfeccionamiento constante tanto profesional como personal. Que la misma curiosidad que los llevó a presentar estos trabajos, sea su guía para seguir descubriendo, cuestionando y creando nuevos conocimientos.S
Evolución de la ficha clínica única electrónica a nivel nacional en Italia : lecciones y contribuciones para una implementación de un sistema similar en Chile
No full textActividad Final de Magíster en Salud Pública con MencionesLa digitalización de las fichas clínicas representa un reto fundamental para modernizar el sistema de salud en Chile. En la actualidad, la falta de interoperabilidad y el uso de documentos en papel complican la gestión eficiente de la información sanitaria. En este sentido, el modelo italiano del Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico (FSE) se presenta como un ejemplo valioso para su posible implementación en Chile.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el modelo italiano, evaluar sus beneficios en el contexto chileno, identificar las barreras y oportunidades, y ofrecer recomendaciones técnicas. La metodología empleada incluye una revisión narrativa de la literatura y la recopilación de información durante una pasantía, basándose en fuentes científicas y oficiales.
Los resultados indican que Italia ha avanzado en la digitalización desde los años 90, logrando una integración nacional de registros a través de la adopción de estándares como HL7 y protocolos de seguridad avanzados. En 2023, se lanzó el FSE 2.0, mejorando su funcionalidad y cobertura.
Se observa que Chile enfrenta desafíos similares a los que Italia tuvo antes de su proceso de digitalización, como la falta de integración de los registros médicos y la ausencia de interoperabilidad. Se identifican oportunidades para adoptar estrategias como la implementación de estándares internacionales, el fortalecimiento de la seguridad de los datos y la creación de un marco regulatorio adecuado.
En conclusión, la digitalización de la ficha clínica en Chile podría optimizar la atención, reducir costos y evitar la duplicación de exámenes médicos. Para lograrlo, se sugieren medidas como la creación de una legislación específica, la asignación de presupuesto, el desarrollo de una plataforma centralizada, la inversión en infraestructura y la capacitación del personal de salud. Además, se resalta la importancia de establecer alianzas internacionales y la necesidad de la cooperación entre el sector público y privado para una implementación efectiva
A semi-analytical perspective on massive red galaxies: I. Assembly history, environment, and redshift evolution
No full textIndexación: Scopus.Context. The evolution of galaxies within a self-consistent cosmological context remains one of the most outstanding and challenging topics in modern galaxy formation theory. Investigating the assembly history and various formation scenarios of the most massive and passive galaxies, particularly those found in the densest clusters, will enhance understanding of why galaxies exhibit such a remarkable diversity in structure and morphology. Aims. In this paper, we simultaneously investigate the assembly history and redshift evolution of semi-analytically modelled galaxy properties of luminous and massive central galaxies between 0.56 < z < 4.15 alongside their connection to their halos as a function of large-scale environment. Methods. We extracted sub-samples of galaxies from a mock catalogue representative of the well-known BOSS-CMASS sample, which includes the most massive and passively evolving system known today. Utilising typical galaxy properties such as star formation rate, (g-i) colour, and cold gas-phase metallicity (Zcold), we tracked the redshift evolution of these properties across the main progenitor trees. Results. We present results on galaxy and halo properties, including their growth and clustering functions, for each of our sub-samples. Our findings indicate that galaxies in the highest stellar and halo mass regimes are the least metal enriched (using Zcold as a proxy) and consistently exhibit significantly larger black hole masses and higher clustering amplitudes compared to sub-samples selected by such properties as colour or star formation rate. This population forms later and retains large reservoirs of cold gas. In contrast, galaxies in the intermediate and lower stellar or halo mass regimes consume their cold gas at a higher redshift and were among the earliest and quickest to assemble their stellar and black hole masses. In addition, we observed a clear trend where the clustering of the galaxies selected according to their Zcold-values (either low-Zcold or high-Zcold) depends on the density of their location within the large-scale environment. Conclusions. We assume that the galaxies in the low-Zcold and high-Zcold sub-samples form and evolve through distinct evolutionary channels that are predetermined by their location within the large-scale environment of the cosmic web. Furthermore, their clustering dependence on the environment could be an important area for further investigation. © The Authors 2025.https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2025/01/aa49232-24/aa49232-24.htmlFunding text 1
We thank the anonymous referee for their constructive and insightful comments, which have significantly improved the quality of this article. DS is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities and the European Next Generation Fond under the Margarita Salas Fellowship CA1/RSUE/2021-00720. DS also wants to thank Brant Robertson for granting her time to work on this project and Jos\u00E9 O\u00F1orbe for his guidance and support on bureaucratic issues as well as as the team from Koblischek-byKatrin for serving excellent coffee in an amazing atmosphere inWeiz and further Dr. Rosa Maria La\u00DFnig for her kind and professional support during the last years. The COSMOSIM-database used in this paper is a service by the Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP). The MultiDark database was developed in cooperation with the Spanish MultiDark Consolider Project CSD2009-00064. In addition, this work has benefited from the publicly available software tools and packages: MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007); Python Software Foundation (https://www.python.org) 1990-2023, version 2.7 and 3; ANACONDA (https://www.anaconda.com); PYENV (https:// github.com/pyenv/pyenv); SEABORN (https://seaborn.pydata.org/) and STATSMODELS (Seabold & Perktold 2010); ASTROPY (https://www. astropy.org/) (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018); JUPYTER NOTEBOOK (https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/); The CentOS Project (https://www.centos.org), The Fedora Project (https:// fedoraproject.org/), TOPCAT (Taylor 2013). We used OpenAI's GPT-4 language model for assistance with language refinement and drafting parts of the manuscript. ADMD thanks Fondecyt for financial support through the Fondecyt Regular 2021 grant 1210612. AK is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n (MICINN), Spain under research grant PID2021-122603NB-C21 and further thanks The Me In You for girl in amour. NDP acknowledges support from a RAICES grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n, Argentina.Funding text 2
We thank the anonymous referee for their constructive and insightful comments, which have significantly improved the quality of this article. DS is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities and the European Next Generation Fond under the Margarita Salas Fellowship CA1/RSUE/2021-00720. DS also wants to thank Brant Robertson for granting her time to work on this project and Jos\u00E9 O\u00F1orbe for his guidance and support on bureaucratic issues as well as as the team from Koblischek-byKatrin for serving excellent coffee in an amazing atmosphere in Weiz and further Dr. Rosa Maria La\u03B2nig for her kind and professional support during the last years. The CoSMoSlM-database used in this paper is a service by the Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP). The MultiDark database was developed in cooperation with the Spanish MultiDark Consolider Project CSD2009-00064. In addition, this work has benefited from the publicly available software tools and packages: M ATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007); Python Software Foundation ( https://www.python.org ) 1990-2023, version 2.7 and 3; A NACONDA ( https://www.anaconda.com ); PYENV ( https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv ); S EABORN ( https://seaborn.pydata.org/ ) and S TATSMODELS (Seabold & Perktold 2010); A STRO P Y ( https://www.astropy.org/ ) (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018); J UPYTER N OTEBOOK ( https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ ); The CentOS Project ( https://www.centos.org ), The Fedora Project ( https://fedoraproject.org/ ), T OPCAT (Taylor 2013). We used openAI\u2019s GPT-4 lan-guage model for assistance with language refinement and drafting parts of the manuscript. ADMD thanks Fondecyt for financial support through the Fonde-cyt Regular 2021 grant 1210612. AK is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00F3n (MICINN), Spain under research grant PID2021-122603NB-C21 and further thanks The Me In You for girl in amour. NDP acknowledges support from a RAICES grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n, Argentina.S
Strengthening health education in higher learning through Syllabus design
No full textIndexación: Revista UNAB.En el contexto de las ciencias de la salud, la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la neurorehabilitación representa un reto complejo. Integrar saberes clínicos, éticos y emocionales, requiere adaptarse a la dificultad radicada en que los contenidos suelen ser abstractos, y trasladarlos a la práctica puede resultar desmotivante para los estudiantes debido a resultados no inmediatos, lo que presenta un desafío para las estrategias pedagógicas y el propósito de fomentar la reflexión crítica, la resiliencia y el compromiso profesional.
El presente artículo analiza una experiencia desarrollada en la asignatura “Neurorehabilitación bajo el concepto Bobath en adultos”, perteneciente a la carrera de Kinesiología en la Universidad Santo Tomás (sede Antofagasta). Esta no contaba con la herramienta Syllabus y, por lo tanto, el objetivo principal fue evaluar el impacto como herramienta para fortalecer los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en un contexto clínico universitario complejo. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo) basado en investigación-acción, que incluyó un diagnóstico inicial, diseño y validación ante sus autoridades académicas.
Los hallazgos principales, se asocian a las implicancias pedagógicas y cómo estas transforman o reafirman prácticas activas en la enseñanza superior en salud o neurorehabilitación, vinculándose directamente con el impacto del diseño del syllabus en la motivación o rendimiento estudiantil. Además, se evidencia la contribución a las competencias obtenidas o la brecha cubierta, lo cual le otorgó el sentido práctico al estudio en el campo educativo específico, una alta valoración del instrumento por parte del cuerpo académico, destacando su claridad, coherencia metodológica y pertinencia pedagógica.In the field of health-related sciences, the learning and teaching process presents a complex challenge. Effectively integrating clinical, ethical, and emotional knowledge requires adaptation tothedifficultiesthatthecontentstendtobringbybeingabstract,andapplyingthisknowledgein practical settings can lead to student demotivation due to the lack of immediate results, posing a challenge for pedagogical strategies and emphasizing the need for critical reflection, resilience, and professional commitment.This article analyzes an educational experience from the course “Neurorehabilitation under the BobathConceptforAdults,”partoftheKinesiologyDegreeProgramatUniversidadSantoTomás, specificallyattheAntofagastacampus.Theprogramlackedasyllabustool,sotheprimarygoalis to assess the impact of a syllabus as a means to enhance the teaching-learning process within a complexuniversityclinicalcontext.Amixed-methodsapproach,whichcombinesquantitativeand qualitative research, was utilized, following an action-research framework that included initial diagnostics, design, and validation with academic authorities.The main findings are associated with pedagogical implications and how these transform or reaffirm active practices in higher education teaching within the fields of health or neurorehabilitation, directly related to the impact of syllabus design on student motivation and performance.Inaddition,thestudyevidencesitscontributiontothecompetenciesacquiredorthe gapsaddressed,whichprovidedpracticalrelevancetotheresearchwithinthespecificeducational field. The instrument was highly valued by the academic staff, who highlighted its clarity, methodological coherence, and pedagogical relevance.S