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Are There Differences in Postural Control and Muscular Activity in Individuals with COPD and with and Without Sarcopenia?
No full textIndexación: ScopusHighlights: What are the main findings? Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia exhibit poorer balance performance and reduced activation of lower limb muscles compared to those without sarcopenia. What is the implication of the main finding? It is crucial to implement prevention and management strategies that include strengthening exercises for patients with COPD and sarcopenia to reduce the risk of falls. There is a need for more detailed assessments and specific rehabilitation programs to improve balance and muscle strength in patients with COPD and sarcopenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare balance performance and electromyographic activity in individuals with COPD, with and without sarcopenia. Method: Thirty-five patients with COPD were classified with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP criteria. Balance was assessed using a force platform under four conditions: standing with feet apart and eyes opened (FHEO), eyes closed (FHEC), on an unstable surface (US), and on one leg (OLS). The surface electromyography activity of lower limb muscles and trunks was recorded. Additionally, the timed up and go test (TUG) and the Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) were also utilized. Results: Under the FHEO, FHEC, and US conditions, individuals with sarcopenia demonstrated increased velocities, larger oscillation amplitudes, and greater center of pressure displacements under the US condition (p ≤ 0.02). They also showed a higher activation of the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and abdominal muscles during OLS, along with a reduced activation of the tibialis anterior during OLS and US, and a decreased activation of the vastus medialis during FHEC and US (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, sarcopenic COPD patients exhibited poorer performance on the TUG and Brief-BESTest compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia demonstrated greater instability in both bipedal stances and on unstable surfaces, as well as poorer performance in both dynamic and static balance assessments. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited reduced muscular activation in the lower limbs compared to those without sarcopenia
Proyecto de gestión de la lista de espera de fondo de ojo en la unidad de atención primaria oftalmológica de la comuna de Conchalí : periodo 2025
No full textAFG (Magíster en Gestión de Atención Primaria de Salud)El sistema de salud en Chile ha evolucionado en las últimas décadas, con un enfoque en garantizar el acceso equitativo a servicios de calidad. Una de las reformas es la creación del Plan de Acceso Universal con Garantías Explicitas en Salud (AUGE). Esto garantiza el acceso, oportunidad, calidad y protección financiera en patologías específicas. El plan cubre 87 problemas de salud, asegurando desde el diagnóstico hasta el tratamiento, con plazos definido para cada problema. (1) Dentro de estos problemas de salud, encontramos la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.
Según el Decreto N°72 del año 2022, una de las modificaciones para el problema de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 se encuentra la incorporación del examen de fondo de ojo, diseñado para detectar problemas en la retina, nervio óptico, vasos sanguíneos, complicaciones de enfermedades sistémicas y sus consecuencias como es la Retinopatía Diabética en caso de DM2.
Debido a esto el sistema de salud enfrenta desafíos importantes, entre ellos, las listas de espera, donde encontraremos dos tipos: lista de espera GES* y la lista de espera no GES.
Bajo este contexto, en la comuna de Conchalí, la alta prevalencia de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y la falta de una gestión eficiente de los recursos disponibles han generado una lista de espera, donde pacientes llevan esperando hasta de 7 años para exámenes de fondo de ojo, esenciales para la detección temprana de Retinopatía Diabética, además, otro punto importante es que en la UAPO solo se cubre el 38,4% de los DM2 de la comuna de forma anual. Esta situación afecta el acceso oportuno a la atención, incrementa el riesgo de complicaciones visuales y reduce la satisfacción de los usuarios.
El proyecto propone optimizar los recursos y alcanzar una mayor tasa de cobertura de fondo de ojo a personas con DM2 y la gestión de las listas de espera para este examen mencionado, mejorando la accesibilidad a oftalmología descentralizando la atención a través de operativos dentro de la comuna, capacitación del personal de la salud y la implementación de un sistema de gestión de interconsultas y priorización de citas. Estas intervenciones buscan mejorar el acceso y la oportunidad en la atención oftalmológica, alineándose con los objetivos del GES y fortaleciendo la atención primaria
Documentar desde la animación. Fantasía, memoria y trauma en Vals con Bashir de Ari Folman
No full textIndexación: Revista UNAB.El presente artículo busca realizar un análisis de Vals con Bashir desde la perspectiva de los estudios culturales sobre la memoria y el trauma utilizando para ello una metodología basada en el análisis textual. Nuestra hipótesis de investigación se basa en la idea de que la propuesta de documental de animación que plantea Ari Folman acepta la legitimidad de la ficción para construir metáforas que reflejen el trauma de unos sucesos que no se recuerdan con exactitud. Para sustentar esta idea, se plantea un análisis narratológico centrado en aquellas escenas de tintes oníricos que fundamentan el discurso de la película en torno al problema de las imágenes que no existen. La conclusión principal es que los propios constructos de ficción son validados en la medida en que, aunque no representen hechos totalmente verídicos, son legitimados a través del testimonio de los supervivientes. Más allá de este hecho, a pesar de que no sea el objetivo principal de la película, centrada en recrear imágenes inexistentes del genocidio de Sabra y Shatila, la obra acaba descubriendo el trauma del propio cineasta como representación final.This article aims to analyze *Waltz with Bashir* from the perspective of cultural studies on memory and trauma, using a methodology based on textual analysis. Our research hypothesis is based on the idea that Ari Folman’s animated documentary proposal accepts the legitimacy of fiction to construct metaphors that reflect the trauma of events that are not remembered accurately. To support this idea, a narratological analysis is proposed, focusing on those dreamlike scenes that underpin the film’s discourse around the problem of non-existent images. The main conclusion is that the constructs of fiction are validated to the extent that, although they do not refer to entirely truthful events, they are legitimized through the testimony of survivors. Beyond this fact, although it is not the main objective of the film, which focuses on recreating non-existent images of the Sabra and Shatila massacre, the work ultimately reveals the filmmaker’s own trauma as the final representation
Manual de buenas prácticas para el repoblamiento de algas pardas
No full textEl libro se presenta en dos modos de visualización: página individual o doble página, ambos en formato pdf.Este manual proporciona una descripción detallada de recomendaciones de procedimientos metodológicos, respaldada por investigación científica, sobre el repoblamiento de macroalgas pardas, abordando las ventajas, limitaciones, y consideraciones claves necesarias para el aseguramiento del éxito de estos esfuerzos de restauración ecosistémica.Este manual fue financiado en su totalidad por el Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), ICN2019_015 ICM-ANID y proyectos FONDECYT 1221699, ANID ANILLOS ACT240004 y ANID Fondecyt 1221322.S
Body Asymmetry and Sports Specialization: An Exploratory Anthropometric Comparison of Adolescent Canoeists and Kayakers
No full textIndexación: Scopus.Background/Objectives: The evaluation of body asymmetry between the right and left sides of the body is crucial in the context of sports because of its potential impact on performance and injury prevention. This study analyzed the anthropometric differences between the right and left sides of the body in adolescent (13.0 [2.0] years) male canoeists and kayakers from Spain. This study aimed to explore the asymmetries associated with these disciplines. Methods: Anthropometric assessments were carried out on 27 male adolescents (13 canoeists and 14 kayakers). A total of 58 anthropometric variables were assessed, including 23 pairs of bilateral variables and 12 unilateral measurements. The evaluations included basic measures, skinfolds, girths, lengths, and breadths. Relative differences between sides were calculated via the bilateral asymmetry index (%BAI). Nonparametric tests, such as the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for within-group comparisons and the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group comparisons, were applied. Results: Comparisons between body sides within the groups revealed significant asymmetries in the subscapular skinfold (p = 0.010) in canoeists and in the mid-thigh girth (p = 0.041) in kayakers. Among the groups, differences were found in the subscapular skinfold (p = 0.010) and the bicep skinfold (p = 0.038) on the right side. Conclusions: Although significant differences were found in some variables, no distinctive profile of the differences between canoeists and kayakers was established in the categories analyzed. These results suggest that, in general, body asymmetries do not significantly distinguish between these disciplines within the sample studied. Further research is needed to better understand the implications of these differences for performance and injury prevention in specific adolescent sports contexts. © 2025 by the authorshttps://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/1/70S
Cortisol-Induced Chromatin Remodeling and Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Rainbow Trout: Integrative ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq Analysis
No full textIndexación: Web of Science.Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid in teleost, plays a central role in mediating the physiological response to stress by regulating metabolism, immune function, and growth. While its transcriptional effects are well known, its role in modulating chromatin accessibility in fish skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the epigenomic and transcriptomic changes induced by cortisol in a juvenile rainbow trout's (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal muscle using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. Fish were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of cortisol (10 mg/kg) or vehicle, and muscle samples were collected 3 h post-treatment. ATAC-seq analysis revealed a total of 163,802 differentially accessible regions (DARs), with an important enrichment of open regions near transcription start sites and promoters. A total of 1612 and 1746 differentially accessible genes (DAGs) were identified in the cortisol and control groups, respectively. Motif enrichment analysis identified 89 transcription factors to be significantly enriched, among which key stress-responsive regulators such as Fos, AP-1, FoxO1/3, Mef2a/b/c, Klf5/10, and ATF4 were prominently represented. RNA-seq analysis identified 4050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 2204 upregulated genes involved in autophagy, mitophagy, and FoxO signaling, while 1864 downregulated genes were enriched in spliceosome and chromatin remodeling pathways. Integrative analysis revealed 174 overlapping genes between ATAC-seq and RNA-seq datasets, highlighting pathways linked to autophagy and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. Four selected DEGs (sesn1, sesn2, cullin3, samtor) were validated by qPCR, showing high concordance with transcriptomic data. These findings provide new insights into cortisol-mediated regulation of chromatin dynamics and gene expression in teleost skeletal muscle and underscore the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in fish stress responses.https://www-webofscience-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:00152643960000
La ciencia de argumentar: guía práctica para la redacción de ensayos argumentativos
No full textEste documento, "LA CIENCIA DE ARGUMENTAR: GUÍA PRÁCTICA PARA LA REDACCIÓN DE ENSAYOS ARGUMENTATIVOS", es un manual diseñado para ayudar a estudiantes universitarios a escribir ensayos argumentativos.
El manual se divide en cinco guías principales:
Guía 1: Acceso al conocimiento Cubre estrategias para buscar y seleccionar información confiable, y define qué es un ensayo argumentativo y su estructura.
Guía 2: El punto de partida Se enfoca en cómo escribir una introducción y una tesis clara y acotada, incluyendo consejos y herramientas para conectar ideas.
Guía 3: Desarrollo de argumentos Explica cómo construir argumentos sólidos basados en evidencia, con ejemplos de argumentos bien y mal construidos.
Guía 4: Redacción de contraargumentos Aborda la importancia y la forma de construir contraargumentos para fortalecer la postura personal.
Guía 5: Cierre del ensayo Ofrece estrategias para escribir conclusiones efectivas, incluyendo cómo sintetizar lo planteado, retomar la tesis e incorporar limitaciones y proyecciones.
El documento también incluye actividades prácticas, algunas de ellas con sugerencias para el uso de Inteligencia Artificial Generativa (IAG), y actividades de metacognición para la reflexión del propio aprendizaje. Finaliza con un anexo para la autoevaluación del ensayo y una sección de referencias bibliográficas.Este manual es realizado en el marco del Proyecto Fondecyt de Iniciación 11250947 “La incidencia de dos métodos de enseñanza de escritura académica en la calidad textual del ensayo argumentativo: un estudio con estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Básica”, dirigido por la Dra. Steffanie Kloss.S
Potential Impact of Updated Bayesian Deduction in Medicine: Application to Colonoscopy Prioritization
No full textIndexación: Scopus.Background/Objectives: This study presents and explores the potential of Updated Bayesian Deduction (UBD) using colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and prioritisation as a case example. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its prognosis strongly depends on early detection and timely treatment. In Chile, colonoscopy waiting lists for symptomatic patients in public hospitals can exceed one year, limiting access to early diagnosis and reducing survival rates. Traditional single-test screening strategies, such as a single faecal immunochemical test (FIT), often yield uncertain results, contributing to inefficiencies in resource allocation. Methods: We propose a deductive approach that integrates evidence from multiple sequential and independent FITs to dynamically update the posterior probability of CRC. A case study is analysed with this Updated Bayesian Deduction over a four-round FIT protocol to assess how this could improve risk stratification compared to standard symptoms-based screening. Results: Our mathematical model shows that over 85% of colonoscopies for symptomatic patients were not urgent. We then demonstrate that, if 4-FIT UBD were used to screen Chile’s Metropolitan Region population, only 96 out of 100,000 people would require an urgent colonoscopy to detect the 19.6 out of 100,000 individuals with CRC in this region. Many countries cannot afford a colonoscopy-based population screening, such as what is performed in Germany. Performing 4x FITs + a very small number of colonoscopies would be much more affordable and would get more countries to adopt general CRC screening. Conclusions: In countries with limited colonoscopy availability, such as Chile, where symptomatic patients can wait over a year for treatment in public hospitals, implementing a UBD-based strategy could drastically reduce costs and optimise the use of resources. This would improve access to colonoscopies for critical cases and ultimately enhance five-year survival rates. These findings highlight UBD as a promising approach for evidence-based precision medicine in CRC screening and prioritisation that is both explainable and adaptable. © 2025 by the authors.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/17/23/3845S
Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Influence Alcohol Intake Preferences in Rats
No full textIndexación Scopus.Growing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and problematic alcohol consumption. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators involved in bacteria-to-host communication. However, their potential role in mediating addictive behaviour remains unexplored. This study investigates the role of gut microbiota-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in driving high alcohol consumption. bEVs were isolated from the gut microbiota of a high alcohol-drinking rat strain (UChB rats), either ethanol-naïve or following chronic alcohol consumption and administered intraperitoneally or orally to alcohol-rejecting male and female Wistar rats. Both types of UChB-derived bEVs increased Wistar's voluntary alcohol consumption (three bottle choice test) up to 10-fold (p < 0.0001), indicating that bEVs are able and sufficient to transmit drinking behaviour across different rat strains. Molecular analysis revealed that bEVs administration did not induce systemic or brain inflammation in the recipient animals, suggesting that the increased alcohol intake triggered by UChB-derived bEVs operates through an inflammation-independent mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the vagus nerve mediates the bEV-induced increase in alcohol consumption, as bilateral vagotomy completely abolished the high drinking behaviour induced by both intraperitoneally injected and orally administered bEVs. Thus, this study identifies bEVs as a novel mechanism underlying gut microbiota-induced high alcohol intake in a vagus nerve-dependent manner.https://isevjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jev2.70059?getft_integrator=scopus&src=getftr&utm_source=scopu
Guía para Editores y Creadores de Revistas Académicas en la Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB)
No full textLa Guía para Editores y Creadores de Revistas Académicas en la Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB) establece los principios y lineamientos esenciales para la gestión editorial, publicación y difusión de revistas académicas dentro de la institución. Su propósito es apoyar a los futuros editores/as y equipos editoriales en la creación y consolidación de revistas que cumplan con altos estándares de calidad, ética e impacto, alineándose con las buenas prácticas internacionales y las políticas nacionales de acceso abierto y Ciencia Abierta.La elaboración de esta guía se adscribe al proyecto Fondo de Publicación de Revistas Científicas, Redes, Estrategia y Conocimiento (Folio FP240006), financiado por la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID).S