76087 research outputs found
Sort by
“Soy católico apostólico romano”. Ramón Merino Gracia o la conversión anticomunista del primer secretario general del Partido Comunista Español
No full textProducción CientíficaNuestra investigación sobre Ramón Merino Gracia aporta nuevas fuentes de estudio provenientes de su expediente de depuración como maestro nacional por las autoridades franquistas del AGA, de la prensa y de ego documentos. Nuestro estudio se
enmarca en la nueva perspectiva historiográfica de la Historia política. Este artículo es una aproximación a la trayectoria política de Ramón Merino Gracia (Cartagena, 1894-Barcelona, 1966). Este maestro de primaria, vinculado a la innovación pedagógica impulsada por Freinet, pasó de dirigir las juventudes socialistas, a ser líder comunista,
para, posteriormente, formar parte de los “libres”, el sindicato vinculado al surgimiento del primer fascismo español, militar en la Unión Patriótica de Primo de Rivera, impulsar una opción política laboralista durante la II República, afiliarse en la CNT durante la Guerra Civil y superar la depuración franquista para continuar su actividad docente
durante el franquismo
LITERATURA TARDOMEDIEVAL INGLESA (SIGLOS XIV Y XV). LA DANZA DE LA MUERTE DE JOHN LYDGATE LA ISLA DE LAS MUJERES (ANÓNIMO) EL CABALLERO ISUMBRAS (ANÓNIMO) JUAN EL ALGUACIL (ANÓNIMO)
No full textEl libro presenta cuatro obras medievales para deleite de los lectores: La danza de la Muerte,La isla de las mujeres, El caballero Isumbras y Juan el Alguacil, todas ellas anónimas, excepto La danza de la Muerte que fue escrita por John Lydgate. Cada una de ellas nos relata no solamente una historia llena de peripecias y aventuras, de enredos y vicisitudes, sino una enseñanza de vida destinada a servir de exemplum para sus lectores. Todas ellas contienen valores y principios puestos en contextos y situaciones muchas veces, en el caso de Juan el Alguacil, no exentas de cierto humor y comicidad que las hacen tan amenas como entretenidas para todo tipo de audiencias. En La danza de la Muerte se nos recuerda que las riquezas, la vida mundana, el poder, el boato y la pompa de nada sirve cuando se acerca la postrera hora debido a nuestra condición como seres humanos. En La isla de las mujeres un hombre se ve misteriosamente transportado a través de un sueño o de una extraña visión a una isla gobernada exclusivamente por mujeres. El caballero Isumbras es la historia de un aguerrido y noble caballero llamado Isumbras que descuida sus servicios y deberes religiosos, de modo que un día un ave divina le hace saber a aquel que, como consecuencia de su proceder ante Dios, ha de elegir entre ser pobre o rico en la juventud o pobre o rico en la vejez, y en Juan el Alguacil seremos testigos de la aventura de un peculiar alguacil que un día, sin saberlo, se topa en un bosque con el mismísimo rey Eduardo
An integrated SSF strategy enables superior valorization of apple pomace into 2,3-butanediol using Paenibacillus polymyxa
No full textProducción CientíficaThe valorization of agro-industrial residues is fundamental to developing a sustainable circular bioeconomy. This study establishes a robust framework for converting apple pomace, an abundant lignocellulosic waste, into the high-value platform chemical 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) using the non-pathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa. A comprehensive optimization was conducted through the systematic comparison of Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) strategies. Key process parameters, including hydrothermal pretreatment conditions (time and solids loading) and synergistic enzyme loading, were optimized for each configuration. Although the optimized SHF process yielded a higher product concentration (24.2 g/L at 16 % solids), the integrated SSF configuration (21.0 g/L at 11 % solids) demonstrated superior overall process efficiency, yielding 238 kg of 2,3-BDO per ton of dry apple pomace versus 189 kg for SHF. Further optimization of enzyme loading in the SSF process enhanced this yield to 268 kg/ton. To maximize productivity, a fed-batch strategy was implemented for the optimal SSF configuration, which culminated in a final concentration of 32.7 g/L. This corresponded to an overall mass yield of 371 kg of 2,3-BDO per ton of pomace. This work, to our knowledge, represents the first comprehensive optimization of 2,3-BDO production from apple pomace using P. polymyxa. It is concluded that the integrated SSF process, despite achieving lower batch titers, represents a more promising route for industrial application due to its operational simplicity and higher material conversion efficiency. These findings provide a critical foundation for advancing circular biorefinery models based on fruit waste.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) / Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI): PID2020-115110RB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) / Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI): PID2023-147967OB-I00 (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER, UE)Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León: CLU-2025-2-06 y UIC 320Universidad de Valladolid / Banco Santander: contrato predoctoral UVa de Cristina Barrios Alfons
Descarbonización de motores de combustión interna alternativos: análisis experimental y cinético-químico de la formación de emisiones contaminantes en motores de encendido provocado funcionando con mezclas de gas natural y amoniaco
No full textEstá previsto que en 2035 se prohíba la comercialización de vehículos propulsados por motores de combustión interna alternativos, con el objetivo de reducir las emisiones de CO2 del sector transporte. Como alternativa, se plantea el desarrollo de motores capaces de funcionar con combustibles alternativos
zero-carbon y carbon-neutral, como el amoniaco y el gas natural.
Aunque estos combustibles estén libres de emisiones de CO2, pueden producir emisiones contaminantes que deben evaluarse antes de su implementación.
En este trabajo se analizan los procesos de formación de emisiones de monóxido de carbono (CO) y de óxido nítrico (NO) en un motor de encendido provocado alimentado con mezclas de gas natural y amoniaco. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un nuevo modelo cinético de diagnóstico de emisiones, que se ha
aplicado a datos experimentales. Los resultados del trabajo pueden ayudar al desarrollo de nuevos motores que funcionen con mezclas de gas natural y amoniaco.It is expected that by 2035, the commercialization of vehicles powered by internal combustion engines will be banned, with the aim of reducing CO₂ emissions from the transport sector. As an alternative, the development of engines capable of operating with zero-carbon and carbon-neutral fuels, such
as ammonia and natural gas, is being considered.
Although these fuels are free of CO2 emissions, they may still produce other pollutants that must be evaluate prior to their implementation. This work analyzes the formation processes of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions in a spark-ignition engine fueled with mixtures of natural gas and
ammonia. For this purpose, a new kinetic model for emission diagnostics has been developed and applied to experimental data. The results of this study may contribute to the development of new engines operating with natural gas ammonia fuel blends.Departamento de Ingeniería Energética y FluidomecánicaGrado en Ingeniería Mecánic
Empirical underdetermination: A bigger problem for the social sciences?
No full textThe now familiar idea that the detection of an empirical phenomenon is
inferred from a complex collection of data (Bogen & Woodward 1988,
Woodward 1989, 2000, 2010, McAllister 1997, 2011, Glymour 2000, Harris
2003, Massimi 2007, Leonelli 2015, 2019, Bokulich 2020) entails the
recognition that not only theories, but also the description of empirical
phenomena is underdetermined by evidence. Empirical
underdetermination, understood as the underdetermination of empirical
phenomena by data, emerges as a major challenge still to be fully
acknowledged and carefully approached in the philosophy of science.
To face this challenge, it is essential to be able to identify the multilevel
theoretical assumptions underlying the production of data models and
thus the inference to empirical phenomena. Despite the many difficulties,
this kind of analysis has already been attempted with some success in the
case of the natural sciences (Kaiser 1991, Leonelli 2009, Karaca 2018,
Bokulich & Parker 2021, Antoniou 2021), where background knowledge
about instruments and empirical procedures is often explicitly available.
However, the situation seems quite different in the case of the social
sciences, where the opacity of instruments (Borsboom et al. 2009) and the
highly conjectural nature of background assumptions, renders the
challenge of empirical underdetermination more dramatic
Desarrollo y validación de un asistente virtual basado en inteligencia artificial para apoyar la toma de decisión en atención visual primaria.
No full textPrimary visual care (PVC) is an essential component for the early detection and timely management of ocular conditions, particularly those that are preventable or treatable with appropriate interventions. In this context, digital technologies have emerged as a strategic opportunity to transform care models, enhancing accessibility, efficiency, and service quality. Digital health, through tools such as mHealth and telehealth, has enabled the integration of solutions across different stages of care, from prevention to follow-up. Artificial intelligence (AI), in particular, has demonstrated significant potential in analyzing large volumes of clinical data, identifying complex patterns, and generating clinical recommendations. While AI has achieved remarkable progress in specialized areas such as ophthalmology, its incorporation into PVC and optometric settings remains limited. This gap motivated the present research, aimed at developing and validating a virtual assistant integrating AI models to support clinical decision-making in optometry.
The research was conducted in several phases. Initially, a characterization of digital technologies applied to visual health was carried out through an exploratory review of the scientific literature, revealing a predominance of solutions focused on the retina and diagnostics at secondary and tertiary levels of care, leaving a significant space for innovation in primary care. In parallel, the availability and characteristics of clinical datasets in vision sciences were explored, identifying the absence of specific repositories for optometry and the limited representation of data applicable to primary care contexts. In response to these gaps, a conceptual model of a big data platform for optometry (DAVIH) was designed, conceived to structure, store, and share clinical data in an ethical, interoperable, and secure manner.
The central phase focused on the technological development and validation of the virtual assistant. Predictive AI models were generated and trained with real clinical data from patients attended in optometry, using machine learning algorithms and data balancing techniques to optimize the accuracy and robustness of predictions. These models enabled case classification, localization of ocular problems, and detection of binocular vision dysfunctions. Subsequently, the models were integrated into a functional prototype of a virtual assistant in the form of a web application (VICHI), developed with a hybrid client-server architecture and cloud support. The application, designed to be multilingual and accessible from different devices, included modules for model selection, clinical data entry, and presentation of results with reliability indicators.
Finally, the influence of the assistant on decision-making was validated through a study involving visual health professionals from different countries. The comparison between an intervention group, exposed to the assistant’s recommendations, and a control group revealed improvements in diagnostic concordance and a reduction in omissions in clinical responses. Additionally, users’ perceptions of the utility and trust in this type of tool were evaluated, showing general positive acceptance.
The findings of the thesis highlight the potential of integrating AI-based solutions into PVC, providing a complementary resource to optimize clinical practice and support the training of professionals. Challenges remain regarding data standardization, interoperability, and the integration of digital technologies in resource-limited contexts. Future lines of work include expanding the models to new visual conditions and developing advanced versions of the assistant with natural language processing, consolidating its applicability in both clinical and educational settings.La atención visual primaria (AVP) constituye un componente esencial para la detección temprana y el manejo oportuno de alteraciones oculares, especialmente aquellas prevenibles o tratables con intervenciones adecuadas. En este escenario, las tecnologías digitales han emergido como una oportunidad estratégica para transformar los modelos asistenciales, facilitando la accesibilidad, la eficiencia y la calidad de los servicios. La salud digital, a través de herramientas como mHealth y telesalud, ha permitido integrar soluciones en diferentes etapas de la atención, desde la prevención hasta el seguimiento. Particularmente, la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha demostrado un potencial significativo en el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos clínicos, la identificación de patrones complejos y la generación de recomendaciones clínicas. En el ámbito de la salud visual, aunque la IA ha avanzado notablemente en áreas especializadas como la oftalmología, su incorporación en la AVP y en entornos optométricos sigue siendo limitada. Este vacío motivó la presente investigación, orientada a desarrollar y validar un asistente virtual que integre modelos de IA para apoyar la toma de decisiones clínicas en optometría.
La investigación se desarrolló en varias fases. Inicialmente, se realizó una caracterización de las tecnologías digitales aplicadas a la salud visual mediante una revisión exploratoria de la producción científica, que evidenció un predominio de soluciones orientadas a la retina y al diagnóstico en niveles secundarios y terciarios de atención, dejando un espacio significativo para innovaciones en atención primaria. En paralelo, se exploró la disponibilidad y características de conjuntos de datos clínicos en ciencias de la visión, identificando la ausencia de repositorios específicos para optometría y la escasa representación de datos aplicables a contextos primarios. Como respuesta a estas carencias, se diseñó un modelo conceptual de plataforma ‘big data’ orientada a la optometría (DAVIH), concebida para estructurar, almacenar y compartir datos clínicos de manera ética, interoperable y segura.
La fase central abordó el desarrollo tecnológico y la validación del asistente virtual, donde se generaron modelos predictivos de IA entrenados con datos clínicos reales de pacientes atendidos en optometría, utilizando algoritmos de aprendizaje automático y técnicas de balanceo de datos para optimizar la precisión y robustez de las predicciones. Estos modelos permitieron la clasificación de casos, la localización de problemas oculares y la detección de disfunciones de la visión binocular. Posteriormente, los modelos fueron integrados en un prototipo funcional de asistente virtual en forma de aplicación web (VICHI), desarrollado con una arquitectura híbrida cliente-servidor y soporte en la nube. La aplicación, diseñada para ser multilingüe y accesible desde diferentes dispositivos, incluyó módulos para la selección de modelos, la introducción de datos clínicos y la presentación de resultados con indicadores de fiabilidad.
Finalmente, se validó la influencia del asistente en la toma de decisiones mediante un estudio con profesionales de la salud visual de diferentes países. La comparación entre un grupo de intervención, expuesto a las recomendaciones del asistente, y un grupo control evidenció mejoras en la concordancia diagnóstica y una reducción de omisiones en las respuestas clínicas. Además, se evaluó la percepción de los usuarios sobre la utilidad y la confianza en este tipo de herramienta, identificando una aceptación general positiva.
Los hallazgos de la tesis subrayan el potencial de integrar soluciones basadas en IA en la AVP, aportando un recurso complementario para optimizar la práctica clínica y apoyar la formación de profesionales. Se destacan desafíos relacionados con la estandarización de datos, interoperabilidad y la integración de tecnologías digitales en contextos con recursos limitados. Como líneas futuras, se plantea la ampliación de los modelos a nuevas condiciones visuales y el desarrollo de versiones avanzadas del asistente con procesamiento de lenguaje natural, consolidando su aplicabilidad tanto en entornos clínicos como educativos.Escuela de DoctoradoDoctorado en Ciencias de la Visió
Evaluation of the Iberian barbel resting behavior in vertical slot fishways: A two-dimensional Eulerian Lagrangian Agent based approach
No full textProducción CientíficaFishways design requires careful evaluation of hydraulic and biological requirements. This study presents a
Eulerian-Lagrangian Agent Based Model of fish migration through Vertical Slot Fishways which relies on 2D flow
simulations. The model, provided as a Python toolbox named t-ELAM-acPy_2D, integrates two-dimensional flow
fields with an agent-based description of fish movement and behavior. t-ELAM-acPy_2D represents fish upstream
movement using multiple behavioral states, including resting responses, a key element for cyprinid movement.
The model also performs an energy-expenditure analysis, using a real-time, dynamic flow field. It was calibrated
and validated across different fishway configurations, using Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) as fish targeted
species. The model successfully reproduced fish habitat spatial distribution, ascent times and, to a limited extent,
passage efficiency. The results show that the toolbox can efficiently support design, optimization, and evaluation
of different fishway configurations.Programa de Investigación e Innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea, en el marco de las Acciones Marie Skłodowska-Curie, acuerdo de subvención n.º 860800Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, la Agencia Española de Investigación, a través del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación - MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y cofinanciado por el Fondo Social Europeo Plus (FSE+) (project RYC2022-036557-I)Junta de Castilla y León (proyecto CLU-2025-2-07
Decolonial Arts‑Based Social Work and Education with Migrants in Spain: A Rights‑Based Approach
No full textProducción CientíficaThis article examines how arts-based, rights-oriented social work can foster voice, dignity, and inclusion with migrants in Spain. Drawing on decolonial theory and an a/r/tographic approach, we designed a collaborative program in reception settings with 57 adult migrants. Visual and performative artifacts—self-portraits, cultural “subway-map” cartographies, photonarratives, a red-threads performance, and a floor installation—were treated as primary data. A constructivist grounded theory strategy guided analysis using a formal–symbolic–contextual matrix (composition/color/materiality; metaphors and chronotopes; production/audience). Findings show measurable learning in visual literacy and creative–expressive and social competences, alongside increased agency in public spaces. Participants co-curated what to share, reframing dominant narratives of mobility through collective meaning-making and community pedagogy. The study details a practical rights-based toolkit for social work: layered, accessible consent; anonymity and takedown options for images/QR content; safety briefings for public actions; member checking across stages; and co-curation to prevent aesthetic paternalism. We argue that arts-based practice, read through a decolonial lens, moves beyond using art as a mere method and functions as education within the arts that advances human rights in research, practice, and social work education. Implications are offered for curriculum, frontline practice, and community advocacy.FEDER European Funds and the Junta de Castilla y León under the Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3) of Castilla y León 2021-2027
Density and excess molar enthalpy of (2-propanol + glyme) liquid mixtures. Application of the Flory model
No full textProducción CientíficaFor glymes of general formula CH3O(CH2CH2O)uCH3, with u = 1, 2, 3, 4, the densities of the (2-propanol + glyme) systems at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 303.15) K and at pressure 0.1 MPa were determined using a DSA 5000 densimeter (from Anton Paar). The corresponding excess molar volumes were calculated from these density measurements. In addition, excess molar enthalpies at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa were measured using a Tian-Calvet micro-calorimeter. The results show that alkanol–ether interactions are strong but do not contribute significantly to the excess molar enthalpy, as the values are large and positive, and comparable to those of (glyme + n-heptane) systems. The excess molar volumes are small or even negative (in the case of the mixture with u = 4), indicating that they are mainly governed by structural effects. Mixtures with 1-propanol or 2-propanol behave similarly, although interactions between unlike molecules become slightly stronger when 1-propanol is involved. On the other hand, effects related to alcohol self-association play a decisive role in the thermodynamic properties when glymes are replaced by di-n-propyl ether. This is supported by the application of the Flory model, which shows that orientational effects are weak in the studied glyme-containing mixtures but become significantly stronger when di-n-propyl ether is considered.Project PID2022–137104NA-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE. J. V. A.-L. would like to thank the Instituto de Corresponsabilidade pela Educação (ICE) – Brazil for his PhD scholarship. F. P. acknowledges the FPI grant PREP2022–000047 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033/ and FEDER, UE
An alternative statistical approach to estimate the level of airtightness of existing residential buildings: Influencing factors from measured data
No full textEstimating the level of airtightness of a building can offer valuable information for energy performance simulation tools or decision-making during retrofitting processes. However, it remains a challenge given the great variability of the variables involved, the complexity of addressing some of these variables, and some contextspecific features. Based on previous research in this direction, this paper proposes an alternative predictive model based on Generalized Linear Models (GLIM) and validated using cross-validation that involves 13 main effects and 4 interactions. This leads to a substantial enhancement in predictive capacity, accounting for nearly 50% of the response variability. A detailed set of variables fully described offers the opportunity to transcend region-specific applicability and opens a window for other populations. The model provides more reliable estimates of airtightness and expands its applicability to a broader range of construction conditions, while maintaining the statistical significance of its predictors and achieving a satisfactory fit.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación INFILES - Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIA2015-64321-R