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Task_3_2_HinojosaV_KPFM_InP_InGaP_Analisis-por-concentracion
No full textStudy of InP-InGaP nanowires using Kelvin probe force microscopy and analysis of the data. Subfolders with the measurements of nanowires with different concentrations Galium.Departemento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Cristalografía y MineralogíaGdS-OptronlabThe authors acknowledge the financial support from grant PID2021-126046OB-C22 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU”
Assessing Eco‐Efficiency in Municipal Solid Waste Management Integrating Heterogeneity: A Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Analysis
No full textProducción CientíficaThe measurement of eco-efficiency in the municipal solid waste (MSW) sector has garnered significant attention due to the substantial environmental impacts of unsustainable MSW management and the high operational costs associated with public service provision. Given the heterogeneous nature of municipalities providing MSW services, a robust method is necessary to account for technological differences when assessing eco-efficiency. This allows for consistent comparisons and reliable policy recommendations. In this study, we applied a latent class Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model that accommodates technological heterogeneity without requiring predefined groups of municipalities. A case study of 297 Chilean municipalities that collect, dispose of, and recycle MSW was conducted. The analysis identified two distinct groups of municipalities based on operational scale and waste management patterns. Group 1, composed of larger municipalities, exhibited lower eco-efficiency scores, with an average eco-efficiency score of 0.595. In contrast, Group 2, consisting of smaller municipalities, achieved a higher eco-efficiency score of 0.862. While population density influenced eco-efficiency in both groups, its effect was more pronounced in smaller municipalities. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies aimed at improving eco-efficiency in the MSW sector.Open access funding provided by FEDER European Funds and the Junta De Castilla y León under the Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3) of Castilla y León 2021-2027
Task 3.4: HinojosaV, Analisis of Si nanowires with Square gate
No full textAnalysis of Si nanowires with a square gate using micro-Raman spectroscopy.Departemento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Cristalografía y MineralogíaGdS-OptronlabThe authors acknowledge the financial support from grant PID2021-126046OB-C22 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU”
Experimental Data Silicon nanowires (QTECH project)
No full textExperimental data of Si nanowires within the project Q-TECH. Subfolder "AFM" contains the Atomic Force microscopy measurements of the Si nanowires. Subfolder "Free-standing_SiNWs": contains the raw data of the measurements taken along the free-standing Si nanowires and the temperature calibration. Subfolder "SiNWs_with_substrate": contains the raw data of the measurements taken along the Si nanowires with the substrate. Subfolder "SiNWs_SiO2membranes": contains the raw data of the measurements taken along the Si nanowires with the silicon oxide membrane.Departemento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Cristalografía y MineralogíaGdS-OptronlabThe authors acknowledge the financial support from grant PID2021-126046OB-C22 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU”. Ginés acknowledges the financial support of Junta de Castilla y León through a predoctoral fellowship
Processed Data Silicon nanowires (QTECH project)
No full textProcessed data of Si nanowires within the project Q-TECH. Subfolder "Analysis_Free-standing_SiNWs_Gines" contains the Python code to analyse the experimental data, the results, and plots of linescans and maps taken along the free-standing Si nanowires. Subfolder "Analysis_SiNWs_with_substrate_Gines": contains the Python code to analyse the experimental data, the results, and plots of linescans and maps taken along Polycristalline and Monocrystalline Si nanowires. Subfolder "HinojosaV_Analisis_Si_substrate_CMOS" contains the analysis of the Si substrates at the beginning of the project. Subfolder "HinojosaV_AnalisisChipsF5C4R1C1_membrane" contains the analysis of the Si nanowires with the SiO2 membrane beneath them.Departemento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Cristalografía y MineralogíaGdS-OptronlabThe authors acknowledge the financial support from grant PID2021-126046OB-C22 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU”. Ginés acknowledges the financial support of Junta de Castilla y León through a predoctoral fellowship
Can electric mountain bikes keep you just as active and healthy as traditional mountain bikes?
No full textIntroduction: The use of electric mountain bikes has increased interest in their contribution to physical activity and health, although evidence under real-world conditions remains limited.Objective: This study explored whether the transition from a conventional mountain bike to an electric mountain bike allowed the maintenance of health-related exercise intensities in a rec-reational cyclist under different assistance modes.Methodology: A longitudinal single-participant study was conducted over sixteen weeks. Four conditions were compared: a conventional mountain bike and an electric mountain bike with three assistance configurations. Heart rate, speed, power output, cadence, slope, perceived ex-ertion, and training load indices were recorded during twenty-eight outdoor rides covering seven hundred and seventy-eight kilometres.Results: Physiological differences were observed across conditions. In this participant, lower assistance and constrained modes were associated with moderate-to-vigorous intensities and reduced momentary physiological load compared with conventional cycling. On steeper slopes, some assisted modes reached relative intensities close to functional threshold power.Discussion: These patterns were consistent with previous studies describing meaningful phys-iological responses when assistance was regulated andhighlighted the influence of terrain and assistance selection.Conclusions: This exploratory study suggests that electric mountain biking may allow some us-ers to sustain health-relevant exercise intensities under specific conditions
Effects of disease duration and antipsychotics on brain age in schizophrenia
No full textAccelerated brain aging has been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia. Over the past decade, these findings have been replicated using the Brain Age paradigm, which applies machine learning techniques to estimate brain age from neuroimaging data. This approach yields a single index, the Brain Age Gap, defined as the difference between predicted and chronological age. Nevertheless, both the progressive nature of this phenomenon and the potential role of antipsychotic medication remain unclear. To investigate its progression, we compared the Brain Age Gap between individuals experiencing a first episode of psychosis and healthy controls using ANCOVA, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and estimated total intracranial volume. To enhance the robustness of our findings, we employed two distinct models: a transformer-inspired model based on harmonized volumetric brain features extracted with FastSurfer, and a previously trained deep learning model. To assess the potential effect of medication, we further compared bipolar patients who received antipsychotic treatment with those who did not. Mann-Whitney U test consistently showed that medicated bipolar patients did not exhibit a significantly larger Brain Age Gap. Both models converge on the conclusion that accelerated brain aging is unlikely to be explained by antipsychotic medication alone. Longitudinal studies are therefore required to clarify the temporal dynamics of brain aging in schizophreni
Human Intestinal immune and microbial signatures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A multidisciplinary approach to disease mechanisms
No full textThis thesis was aimed to deepen our understanding of the key factors underlying IBD, focusing primarily on the study of two main factors underlying IBD: immunome and microbiota. Regarding the immunome, I focused on APCs, as they are crucial regulators of intestinal homeostasis. In particular, cDCs play a pivotal role in shaping the type of response elicited against antigens (tolerogenic against commensals and inflammatory against pathogens, in health conditions), which led us to hypothesize that they may also be therapeutic targets of some drugs (specifically tofacitinib), used in IBD treatment (UC in this case). Furthermore, given the importance of the gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and its involvement in IBD pathogenesis, this thesis also aimed to characterize the faecal and intestinal mucosal-associated microbiome in human samples, with the final goal of identifying bacterial and fungal patterns and potential faecal biomarkers.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo profundizar en nuestra comprensión de los factores clave que subyacen a la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (EII), centrándose principalmente en el estudio de dos componentes fundamentales: el inmunoma y la microbiota. En cuanto al inmunoma, nos centramos en las células presentadoras de antígenos (APCs), ya que son reguladoras cruciales de la homeostasis intestinal. En particular, las células dendríticas convencionales (cDCs) desempeñan un papel fundamental en la determinación del tipo de respuesta que se genera frente a los antígenos (tolerogénica frente a los comensales e inflamatoria frente a los patógenos, en condiciones de salud), lo que nos llevó a plantear la hipótesis de que también podrían ser dianas terapéuticas de algunos fármacos (específicamente tofacitinib), utilizados en el tratamiento de la EII (en este caso, la colitis ulcerosa). Además, dada la importancia de la microbiota intestinal en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis y su implicación en la patogénesis de la EII, esta tesis también se caracterizó la microbiota fecal y la asociada a la mucosa intestinal en muestras humanas, con el objetivo final de identificar patrones bacterianos y fúngicos, así como posibles biomarcadores fecales.Escuela de DoctoradoDoctorado en Investigación Biomédic
Impacto económico de la enfermedad por COVID-19 en España: análisis de los costes hospitalarios a partir del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (CMBD)
No full textINTRODUCTION: The publications in this Doctoral Thesis aim to understand and describe, from the economic perspective of the Spanish healthcare system, the direct hospital costs associated with the treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain.
HYPOTHESIS: At the hospital level, healthcare for patients admitted with COVID-19 entailed a high healthcare cost, being higher than that of patients without COVID-19.
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the economic cost of hospitalizations of patients with COVID-19 treated in Spanish hospitals: its relationship with sociodemographic, clinical-care aspects, and resource utilization.
METHODOLOGY: A retrospective, nationwide population-based study was conducted of all hospitalizations for COVID-19 in Spanish hospitals. Data were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set, obtained by the Spanish National Hospital Data Surveillance System, and hospital costs were calculated using data from diagnosis-related groups (Ministry of Health). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analyses were performed using Python 3.9 and R 4.3.2.
RESULTS: In 2020, there were 217.106 hospitalizations of COVID-19 patients, at a cost of ?1.234 billion, representing 6,7% of total hospital costs for that year. These hospitalizations had an average cost of ?5.684,80, 16.5% higher than hospitalizations of patients admitted for non-COVID-19 causes. Higher costs were observed for COVID-19 patients who required admission to Intensive Care Units (5.1 times higher) and for those who died in the hospital (73.1% higher). In 2020, there were 14.742 hospitalizations of patients admitted for various reasons who were found to be asymptomatic COVID-19 patients (positive in screening tests performed upon admission), which represented a cost of almost ?106 million. Asymptomatic cases accounted for 6,3% of all hospitalized COVID-19 cases. Between 2020 and 2022, 2,1% of women (15.792 out of 779.387) admitted during childbirth were COVID-19 patients (positive in screening tests performed upon admission). The total cost of this care was ?64 million. Women with COVID-19 during childbirth had more complications and worse clinical outcomes than those not diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospital admission, and the average cost of their hospital care was 25,1% higher.
CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic generated additional hospital expenditures for the national health system and required increased resources, particularly in terms of intensive care unit admissions and mechanical ventilation. The mandatory COVID-19 screening prior to hospital admission in Spain shows that asymptomatic cases were frequent, as well as their associated costs. The higher cost of asymptomatic COVID-19 is likely related to the underlying pathology itself, but also to the health measures adopted for asymptomatic patients who tested positive for COVID-19. The mandatory COVID-19 screening testing prior to hospital admission in Spain, in the specific case of the childbirth study, shows that COVID-19 cases were frequent, highlighting a higher risk of complications and worse outcomes, as well as higher costs. This suggests the need to adopt specific preventive measures, such as vaccination and screening for COVID-19 infection, and to strengthen resources for the care of this population, and other vulnerable populations. A better understanding of the costs and utilization of services during the COVID-19 pandemic will help health system managers and healthcare professionals optimize resources to control future pandemics.INTRODUCCIÓN: Las publicaciones de esta Tesis Doctoral se dirigen a conocer y describir, desde la perspectiva económica del sistema sanitario español, los costes hospitalarios directos asociados al tratamiento de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en España.
HIPÓTESIS: A nivel hospitalario, la asistencia sanitaria de los pacientes ingresados con COVID-19 supuso un elevado coste sanitario, siendo mayor su coste económico que en de los pacientes sin COVID-19.
OBJETIVOS: Analizar el coste económico de las hospitalizaciones de los pacientes con COVID-19 tratados en los centros hospitalarios españoles: Su relación con aspectos sociodemográficos, clínico- asistenciales y la utilización de recursos.
METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo poblacional a nivel nacional de todas las hospitalizaciones por COVID-19 en hospitales españoles. Los datos se recopilaron del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos, obtenido por el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Datos Hospitalarios de España y los costes hospitalarios se calcularon utilizando datos de los grupos relacionados con el diagnóstico (Ministerio de Sanidad). Se consideró significativo un valor de p<0,05. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con Python 3.9. y el programa R 4.3.2.
RESULTADOS: En 2020 hubo 217.106 hospitalizaciones de pacientes COVID-19, con un coste de 1.234 billones de Euros, representando un 6,7% del total de los costes hospitalarios de ese año. Estas hospitalizaciones tuvieron de media un coste de 5.684,8?, un 16,5% mayor que las hospitalizaciones de pacientes ingresados por causas no-COVID-19. Un mayor coste se observó en los pacientes COVID-19 que precisaron ingreso en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (5,1 veces mayor) y en los que fallecieron en el hospital (un 73,1% mayor). En 2020 hubo 14.742 hospitalizaciones de pacientes ingresados por diversas causas que resultaron ser COVID-19 asintomáticos (positivos en las pruebas de cribado realizadas en la admisión/ingreso), que supuso un coste de prácticamente 106 millones de Euros. Los casos asintomáticos supusieron el 6,3% de todos los casos de COVID-19 hospitalizados. El 2,1% de las mujeres (15.792 de 779.387) ingresadas durante el parto entre 2020 y 2022 fueron COVID-19 (positivos en las pruebas de cribado realizadas en la admisión/ingreso). El coste total de esa asistencia fue de 64 millones de euros. Las mujeres con COVID-19 durante el parto presentaron más complicaciones y peores resultados clínicos que las que no se diagnosticaron de COVID-19 en el proceso de admisión/ingreso hospitalario, y el coste medio de su asistencia hospitalaria fue un 25,1% superior.
CONCLUSIONES: La pandemia de COVID-19 generó gastos hospitalarios adicionales al sistema nacional de salud y exigió un aumento de recursos, especialmente en términos de ingresos en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos y uso de ventilación mecánica. El cribado de COVID-19 “obligatorio” previo a la admisión/ingreso hospitalario en España, muestra que fueron frecuentes los casos asintomáticos, así como los costes relacionados con ellos. El mayor coste de la COVID-19 asintomática probablemente esté relacionado con la propia patología principal, pero también con las medidas sanitarias adoptadas en caso de pacientes asintomáticos con COVID-19 positivo. La obligación de realizar pruebas de cribado de COVID-19 previo a la admisión/ingreso hospitalario en España, en el caso particular del estudio del parto, muestra que fueron frecuentes los casos COVID-19, evidenciando el mayor riesgo de complicaciones y peores resultados, así como un mayor coste. Ello sugiere la necesidad de adoptar medidas preventivas específicas, como la vacunación y el realizar pruebas de cribado de la infección por COVID-19, y de reforzar los recursos para la atención de esta población, y otras, poblaciones vulnerables. Una mejor comprensión de los costes y utilización de servicios en la pandemia por COVID-19 ayudará a los gestores de los sistemas sanitarios y a los profesionales sanitaritos a optimizar los recursos en el control de futuras pandemias.Escuela de DoctoradoDoctorado en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salu
informe de partido alumnos. pid: se juega como se entrena
No full textInnovación EducativaLos entrenadores de deportes colectivos en categorías de formación deben ser profesionales cualificados y capacitados, con herramientas que les permitan mejorar su desempeño con los jugadores. Por ello, este proyecto de innovación docente (PID) multidisciplinar está dirigido a los estudiantes del grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (CAFyD) que con su trabajo ayudarán a los entrenadores de tres deportes colectivos (i.e., baloncesto, balonmano y fútbol). El objetivo es analizar y evaluar los ejercicios que se plantean en los entrenamientos, así como el análisis del juego desarrollado en competición oficial en estos tres deportes. Los estudiantes de CAFyD observarán y analizarán en directo entrenamientos y partidos oficiales de varios equipos y realizarán un informe técnico de lo observado. Profesores de la Universidad de Valladolid (UVa) y otras universidades apoyarán la formación del alumnado mediante seminarios, capacitando a los estudiantes para analizar los ejercicios de entrenamiento y realizar un diagnóstico exhaustivo del análisis del juego, así como adquirir un conocimiento global e integral del entrenamiento de los deportes de equipo. Asimismo, se elaborarán informes técnicos con los análisis pertinentes los cuales serán compartidos con los cuerpos técnicos de los equipos observados con el fin de que estos conozcan la relación de sus entrenamientos con lo ocurrido en competición. Este PID requiere de la colaboración de tres clubes de la ciudad de Soria que permitirán la entrada a los partidos oficiales de los estudiantes de CAFyD que estén matriculados en las asignaturas de mención en “Entrenamiento Deportivo” (i.e., Especialización de baloncesto, Especialización de balonmano y Especialización de fútbol). La realización de este PID permitirá que los conocimientos generados en la universidad sean aplicados en la práctica diaria de los entrenadores de deportes colectivos