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Lectura de gráficos estadísticos por profesores de educación primaria en activo
Get PDFEl objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la calidad y el nivel de lectura que alcanzan profesores de educación primaria en activo sobre gráficos estadísticos. La investigación es del tipo mixta, de nivel descriptivo y utiliza como método el análisis de contenido. La muestra del estudio es intencional con 21 participantes, 19 mujeres y 2 hombres, y con una media de 11.2 años de experiencia docente. Se aplicó un instrumento con tres ítems relacionados con la lectura de gráficos estadísticos. Como resultado se observa que los participantes presentan errores de cuantificación y cálculo, desconocimiento de los elementos constituyentes del gráfico y su lectura, y poseen una escasa capacidad argumentativa para explicar el efecto visual que produce la modificación de una escala. Se concluye que este grupo de profesores en activo presentan desconocimiento de algunos contenidos y habilidades sobre gráficos estadísticos, temática con amplia presencia en el currículo y que deben enseñar.The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and level of statistical graph reading skills of elementary
school teachers. This study used a mixed approach, was descriptive, and the content analysis method was
applied. The sample included 21 participants, 19 women and 2 men. The teaching experience mean was equal to 11.2 years. An instrument with three items related to the reading of statistical graphs was applied. The teachers surveyed showed quantification and calculation errors, poor understanding of graph core
components, difficulties reading and analyzing graphs, and limited skills to explain the visual effects produced by scale modifications. In conclusion, the elementary school teachers surveyed lacked both knowledge of statistical graph core components and skills to analyze statistical graphs, which is a common and recurrent subject in the primary education curriculum
Prisión preventiva y error judicial probatorio
Get PDFEl artículo se aboca a la tarea de analizar las dificultades probatorias en torno al error judicial contenido en el artículo 19 Nº 7 letra i) de la Constitución Política de la República, circunscribiéndolo al ámbito cautelar penal, particularmente a la prisión preventiva.
El presente estudio postula la incoherencia sistémica de detectar el error probatorio en un sistema cautelar penal que no lo reconoce, pues carece de estándar. Para ello se utiliza como hilo conductor la sentencia de la Excelentísima Corte Suprema, causa rol 1.579-2015, único fallo que a la fecha ha acogido una solicitud de error judicial respecto del sometimiento de una persona a prisión preventiva.The article aims to analyze the evidentiary difficulties of the miscarriage of justice contained in the article 19 Nº 7 letter i) of the Political Constitution of the Republic by dealing exclusively with preventive criminal law, more specifically, pre-trial detention.
The following study postulates the systemic incoherence of detecting the evidentiary error in a criminal justice system that does not recognize it due to its lack of standard. To this effect, Case Nº 1.579-2015, the Excellency Supreme Court sentence is used as a guiding thread for it remains the only verdict thus far that has allowed a miscarriage of justice appeal regarding a pre-trial detention
El Frente Amplio chileno en punto cero: Inserción social y perfil de militancias dentro de la nueva izquierda chilena
Get PDFEste artículo analiza la inserción en movimientos sociales y el perfil de los militantes del Frente Amplio chileno en el momento de su conformación en 2017 a través de testimonios recogidos por medio de entrevistas semiestructura-das. Los testimonios recogidos de militantes del Frente Amplio son contrastados con testimonios de militantes del Partido Socialista y Comunista de Chile, ambas organizaciones pertenecientes a la entonces coalición de gobierno. A través del análisis de las entrevistas se observa en la militancia del Frente Amplio una menor orientación hacia la administración del aparato público y una creciente inserción en movimientos sociales, en coherencia con la etapa incipiente de la coalición. No obstante, este artículo da cuenta de una inserción social y territorial percibida como superficial, dificultades dentro del conglomerado a la hora de compatibilizar la participación en espacios sociales e institucionales y dificultades para superar una identidad marcada por el movimiento estudiantil.This article analyzes the insertion in social movements and the pro-file of militants of the Chilean Broad Front at the time of its formation in 2017 using testimonies collected through 26 semi-structured interviews. The testi-monies collected from Broad Front militants are contrasted with testimonies from militants of the Chilean Socialist and Communist parties, both organi-zations belonging to the then governing coalition. Analysis of the interviews shows that Broad Front militants are less oriented towards the administration of the public apparatus and increasingly involved in social movements, con-sistent with the incipient stage of the coalition. However, this article reports a social and territorial insertion perceived as superficial, difficulties within the coalition when it comes to reconciling participation in social and institutional spaces, and difficulties in overcoming an identity marked by the student movement
Hombres y mujeres en las pruebas de lectura del Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación. Análisis de género, procedencia geográfica, grupo socioeconómico y pertenencia étnica en la región de la Araucanía
Get PDFEste artículo informa los resultados de un estudio que analizó la brecha de género en las pruebas de Lectura del Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación (Simce) entre los años 2006 y 2014, en estudiantes de la región de La Araucanía (Chile) de 4° básico, 8° básico y II° medio. El estudio discute los resultados desagregados por sexo en relación con las variables área geográfica, dependencia y grupo socioeconómico del establecimiento educacional, así como también con la pertenencia de los estudiantes al pueblo mapuche. Se concluye, en primer lugar, que las mujeres superan significativamente a los hombres en los tres niveles educacionales analizados. Además, la brecha entre hombres y mujeres se ha incrementado a lo largo de los años en la mayoría de los grupos estudiados. Finalmente, se estima que esta brecha –escasamente abordada por las políticas públicas– es transversal y poco sensible a las variables analizadas.This article presents the results from a research which analyzed the gender gap in the reading portion of the Education Quality Measurement System (SIMCE) standardized test scores between the years 2006 and 2014 among students of grades 4, 8, and 10 in Región de la Araucanía, Chile. The study addresses data which has been disaggregated by sex in relation to the variables of geographic area, dependency and socioeconomic group within the educational establishment, as well as considering factors such as students belonging to the indigenous Mapuche community. We conclude that females significantly surpass males in the three levels analyzed. Additionally, the gap between males and females has increased over the years in the majority of the groups studied. Finally, we estimate that this gap –barely addressed by public politics– is transversal with little sensitivity to the variables analyzed
Verdad, deliberación y ley natural en la forma del derecho de Fernando Atria
Get PDF¿Hay algo inapropiado en referir a la verdad en la deliberación política democrática? En este artículo queremos analizar la propuesta de Fernando Atria al respecto. Sotiene que la verdad moral se disuelve en la política. En pocas palabras, eso quiere decir que la verdad moral existe pero solo se presenta como el resultado de la deliberación política. Luego, concluye que la ley natural se reduce a la política democrática. Por ende, no se la puede emplear “dogmáticamente”. Argumentaremos que la posición atriana adolece del defecto de no prestar atención al papel de las creencias que vuelven inteligibles los contextos deliberativos. En consecuencia, defendemos la legitimidad en principio del uso “dogmático” de la verdad en la deliberación política, y específicamente de la ley natural
Outlier Vehicle Trajectory Detection Using Deep Autoencoders in Santiago, Chile
No full textIn the last decade, a large amount of data from vehicle location sensors has been generated due to the massification of GPS systems to track them. This is because these sensors usually include multiple variables such as position, speed, angular position of the vehicle, etc., and, furthermore, they are also usually recorded in very short time intervals. On the other hand, routes are often generated so that they do not correspond to reality, due to artifacts such as buildings, bridges, or sensor failures and where, due to the large amount of data, visual analysis of human expert is unable to detect genuinely anomalous routes. The presence of such abnormalities can lead to faulty sensors being detected which may allow sensor replacement to reliably track the vehicle. However, given the reliability of the available sensors, there are very few examples of such anomalies, which can make it difficult to apply supervised learning techniques. In this work we propose the use of unsupervised deep neural network models based on stacked autoencoders to detect anomalous routes in vehicles within Santiago de Chile. The results show that the proposed model is capable of effectively detecting anomalous paths in real data considering validation given by an expert user, reaching a performance of 82.1% on average. As future work, we propose to incorporate the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and attention-based networks in order to improve the detection of anomalous trajectories
Effectiveness of scapular mobilization in patients with primary adhesive capsulitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of scapular mobilization on range of motion, shoulder disability, and pain intensity in patients with primary adhesive capsulitis (AC). Methods:An electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases up to March 2023. The eligibility criteria for selected studies included randomized clinical trials that included scapular mobilization with or without other therapeutic interventions for range of motion, shoulder disability, and pain intensity in patients older than 18 years with primary AC. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Results:Six randomized clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. For scapular mobilization versus other therapeutic interventions, there was no significant difference in the effect sizes between groups: the standard mean difference was -0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.87 to 0.56; P = .66) for external rotation, -1.01 (95% CI = -2.33 to 0.31; P = .13) for flexion, -0.29 (95% CI = -1.17 to 0.60; P = .52) for shoulder disability, and 0.65 (95% CI = -0.42 to 1.72; P = .23) for pain intensity. Conclusions:Scapular mobilization with or without other therapeutic interventions does not provide a significant clinical benefit regarding active shoulder range of motion, disability, or pain intensity in patients with primary AC, compared with other manual therapy techniques or other treatments; the quality of evidence was very low to moderate according to the grading of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation approach
How many predator guts are required to predict trophic interactions?
No full text1) A large obstacle in food web ecology is the time and effort required to adequately describe the structure of a food web using individual predator guts. Food web models such as the allometric diet breadth model (ADBM) can be used to circumvent this problem by predicting the interactions based on easily measured characteristics, such as the size of organisms. However, diet data such as that which comes from analysis of predator guts is still required to parameterise these food web models, and collecting and analysing these data from the field is an expensive and time-consuming task. Therefore, it is important to know how many predator guts are required to parameterise food web models to obtain food web structures with high accuracy and precision. 2) Here, we explore seven exceptionally well-characterised food webs and determine the minimum number of predator guts needed to accurately predict their structure using the ADBM. We use Bayesian computation to parameterise the ADBM, and true skill statistics to measure the goodness of fit, and do so while varying the number of predator guts used in the parameterisation to test the effect of sampling effort. 3) We found that relatively few, and many fewer than were actually collected, predator guts can be used to parameterise the ADBM. The lowest number of predator guts was 27% of the number of available predator guts. The number of predator guts required to accurately characterise food webs increases by ---7 +/- 2.2 guts for 10 units increase in the number of trophic links and ---9 +/- 4.7 guts for a unit increase in the number of species. 4) These results suggest that one need not collect and analyse such a large quantity of predator guts in order to adequately predict the structure of a food web, thereby reducing sampling effort consid-erably, while having little effect on precision or accuracy of predictions
Hidden potential of fruit waste and its utilization
Get PDFThe global increasing population demands for more food production and food processing which consequently results in more food waste generation. The total waste produced in different stages of processing of food generally comprises of peels, pomace, seed, pulp, unused flesh and damaged food which is biodegradable in nature. These by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, antioxidants and phytochemicals. They are the storehouse of complex carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nutraceuticals depending on the nature of product produced for example poultry and meat industries are rich the source of proteins and lipids, fruits and vegetable processing industries are rich in bioactive compounds and cereal industries are good source of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber. The food waste or by-products are important source of colorants, fiber, flavoring and antimicrobials which are used in food industry as a source of food additives. The phenolic compounds present in by products of different foods exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory activity and play a major role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular problems, osteoporosis, thrombosis, platelets aggregation and diabetes in humans. By products from different industries can be used to develop value added products in India where poverty and malnutrition are the major issues.Developing effective policies for the utilization of food waste along the value chain can help reduce food waste problem and contribute towards food security and sustainability.La creciente población mundial exige una mayor producción y procesamiento de alimentos, lo que en consecuencia da como resultado una mayor generación de desperdicio de alimentos. Los residuos totales producidos en las diferentes etapas del procesamiento delos alimentos generalmente se componen de cáscaras, orujos, semillas, pulpa, pulpa no utilizada y alimentos dañados que son de naturaleza biodegradable. Estos subproductos son una buena fuente de compuestos bioactivos como polifenoles, antioxidantes y fitoquímicos. Son el almacén de carbohidratos complejos, lípidos, proteínas y nutracéuticos dependiendo de la naturaleza del producto producido, por ejemplo, las industrias avícola y cárnica son ricas, la fuente de proteínas y lípidos, las industrias de procesamiento de frutas y verduras son ricas en compuestos bioactivos y las industrias de cereales son buenas fuente de compuestos fenólicos y fibra dietética. Los residuos o subproductos alimentarios son una fuente importante de colorantes, fibras, aromatizantes y antimicrobianos que se utilizan en la industria alimentaria como fuente de aditivos alimentarios. Los compuestos fenólicos presentes en los subproductos de diferentes alimentos exhiben actividad antioxidante, antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria, inmunomoduladora y juegan un papel importante en la reducción del riesgo de problemas cardiovasculares, osteoporosis, trombosis, agregación plaquetaria y diabetes en humanos. . Los subproductos de diferentes industrias se pueden utilizar para desarrollar productosde valor agregado en la India, donde la pobreza y la desnutrición son los principales problemas. El desarrollo de políticas eficaces para la utilización del desperdicio de alimentos a lo largo de la cadena de valor puede ayudar a reducir el problema del desperdicio de alimentos y contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria y la sostenibilidad
Physiological and metabolic responses to aluminum toxicity reveal differing resistance mechanisms to long-term exposure in highbush blueberry cultivars
No full textAluminum (Al) toxicity is a major environmental stress that affects the growth and development of plants in acid soils. Plants have developed different mechanisms and strategies of Al resistance based on the biosynthesis of organic compounds and the formation of non-phytotoxic complexes with Al. In this study we use three cultivars traditionally cultivated of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., 'Brigitta', 'Star', and 'Duke') and two cultivars from the USA ('Camelia' and 'Cargo') that were recently introduced in southern Chile. Physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated on plants grown at 0 and 200 mu M Al in Hoagland solution (pH 4.5) for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. We found that the Al concentration increased in roots and shoots in all cultivars and that the relative growth rate was reduced only in shoots of 'Star' plants, an Al-sensitive cultivar. Photosynthetic pa-rameters were reduced under Al treatment only in 'Star' and 'Brigitta'. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments was reduced in 'Star', but increased in 'Cargo' and 'Brigitta' under Al toxicity. 'Duke' had a higher concentration of sugars and polyphenols, increased antioxidant activity, and low lipid peroxidation in leaves under Al treatment. The levels of ascorbate (ASC) and dehydroascorbate (DHA) increased in 'Camellia' leaves and Duke roots. The ASC/DHA ratio in roots increased in 'Star', and 'Camellia', but decreased in 'Duke' and 'Brigitta' leaves in the Al treatment. Cultivars 'Cargo' and 'Brigitta' increased oxalate exudation from roots under Al-toxicity, whereas 'Star' had low oxalate exudation. The results suggest a possible strategy related to internal detoxification via carbohydrates and phenolic compounds to reduce the long term toxic effect of Al in 'Duke', 'Cargo', and 'Camellia' cultivars of V. corymbosum under acidic conditions