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Socio-economic determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employment in Ezza South local governmentarea of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe socio-economic determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employment in Ezza south local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria was studied. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, identify the off-farm income employments participated by the farmers, ascertain the determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments and identify the limiting factors to the farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments in the study area. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. One hundred and twenty (120) farmers were randomly selected for the study. Data collected were analyzed using percentage responses and frequency distribution, logistic regression and 4-point Likert scale. The findings revealed that the farmers that participated in off-farm income activities were aged, educated, well experienced, large farm size, females, married and large household size. The result further revealed that high proportion of the respondents engaged in civil service, trading, motor cycle riders, auto mechanics and tricycle riders. The determinants factors to the farmers’ participants in off farm employments were household size, education level, farming experience, farm size and membership of cooperative societies. Factors limiting farmers’ participation in off-farm activities were high level of illiteracy, poor access to credit facility, old age, inadequate power supply, poor extension services and ill health of farmers identified. There is need to enhance farmers’ access to extension services, educational program, encouraged farmers to join or form cooperatives.Se estudiaron los determinantes socioeconómicos de la participación de los agricultores en el empleo de ingresos no agrícolas en el área del gobierno local del sur de Ezza en el estado de Ebonyi, Nigeria. Los objetivos específicos del estudio fueron describir las características socioeconómicas de los agricultores, identificar los empleos de ingresos no agrícolas participados por los agricultores, determinar los determinantes de la participación de los agricultores en empleos de ingresos no agrícolas e identificar los factores limitantes para participación de los agricultores en empleos de ingresos no agrícolas en el área de estudio. Se usó un procedimiento de muestreo aleatorio de etapas múltiples para seleccionar a los encuestados para el estudio. Ciento veinte agricultores (120) fueron seleccionados al azar para el estudio. Los datos recopilados se analizaron utilizando respuestas porcentuales y distribución de frecuencias, regresión logística y escala Likert de 4 puntos. Los resultados revelaron que los agricultores que participaron en actividades de ingresos fuera de la granja eran ancianos, educados, con experiencia, gran tamaño de granja, mujeres, casadas y gran tamaño de hogar. El resultado reveló además que una alta proporción de los encuestados se dedicaba al servicio civil, comercio, motociclistas, mecánicos de automóviles y ciclistas. Los factores determinantes para los participantes de los agricultores en empleos fuera de la granja fueron el tamaño del hogar, el nivel de educación, la experiencia agrícola, el tamaño de la granja y la membresía de sociedades cooperativas. Los factores que limitan la participación de los agricultores en las actividades fuera de la granja fueron el alto nivel de analfabetismo, el acceso deficiente al crédito, la vejez, el suministro de energía inadecuado, los servicios de extensión deficientes y la mala salud de los agricultores identificados. Es necesario mejorar el acceso de los agricultores a los servicios de extensión, el programa educativo, alentar a los agricultores a unirse o formar cooperativas
Farmacogenómica de los anticoagulantes orales: la importancia de establecer algoritmos de dosificación en población chilena
Get PDFThere is an important interindividual variability in dose requirement for coumarinic anticoagulants, which could be explained by genetic and non-genetic factors. Among hereditary factors, there are gene polymorphisms that code the therapeutic target and the main enzyme responsible for their metabolism. However, there are other candidate genes that could modulate dose requirements. The is a paucity of pharmacogenomic platforms to determine dose requirements of coumarinics in the Chilean population. Therefore,
algorithms considering different variables to adjust individual dosages are
required. Herein, we analyze the available evidence about factors that can
modify the effects of vitamin K antagonists and that should be incorporated
to dosing algorithmsEste trabajo fue apoyado por proyecto FEQUIP2018- PL-06, de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. La institución no tuvo influencia en la preparación, revisión o aprobación del manuscrito. Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interé
Diversity in Socioecological Niches in the Andes (DISENIA): an isotope-based project
No full textThis new project studies the diversity of socioecological niches across the agropastoral transition in the Andes, utilising a multi-isotope approach to track human territories and allocate subsistence tasks. During the agropastoral period, we discriminate different diachronic niches with varying extents of maize farming and altitudinal mobility
Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters and Structural Characterization of Soils in Pudukkottai District of Tamilnadu, India
Get PDFThe soil is the most important constituent to fulfilment of all the basic needs of human beings and alsois an important component of our farming. The study was conducted with the main objective to investigate the soil samples of Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu for its physico-chemical analysis and structural characterization. The collected soil samples were analyzed for its pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and Iron. Besides, the sample was characterized by FTIR studies for structural conformation. From the study the results revealed that the collected soil was red soil and its texture was sandy clay loam. The soil pH was 9.29 which was alkaline and the EC was 0.02 dSm-1. The available macro-nutrients as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for paddy field soil samples had 118, 11 and 160 kg/ha respectively. Micronutrients Nutrients also analyzed. FT-IR spectrum of soil was recorded spectrum of soil was shown the C-H deformation vibrations occur at 1402. The C=C Stretching vibrations occur at 1644 and the N-H Stretching vibrations occur at 2344. Management options to improve the soil fertility were discussed.El suelo es el componentemásimportante para satisfacertodas las necesidadesbásicas de los sereshumanos y también es un componenteimportante de nuestraagricultura. El estudio se realizó con el objetivo principal de investigar las muestras de suelo del distrito Pudukkottai de Tamil Nadu para suanálisisfisicoquímico y caracterizaciónestructural. Las muestras de suelorecolectadas se analizaron para determinarsu pH, CE, nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, zinc y hierro. Además, la muestra se caracterizó por estudios FTIR para conformaciónestructural. A partir del estudio, los resultadosrevelaron que el suelorecogido era rojo y sutextura era francoarcillosoarenoso. El pH del suelo era 9,29, que era alcalino y la CE era 0,02 dSm-1. Los macronutrientesdisponiblescomonitrógeno, fósforo y potasio para muestras de suelo de arrozalestenían 118, 11 y 160 kg / ha, respectivamente. MicronutrientesNutrientestambiénanalizados. El espectro FT-IR del suelo se registró. El espectro del suelomostró que las vibraciones de deformación C-H ocurrenen 1402. Las vibraciones de estiramiento C = C ocurrenen 1644 y las vibraciones de estiramiento N-H ocurrenen 2344. Se discutieron las opciones de manejo para mejorar la fertilidad del suel
Manual para el/la estudiante de actividades prácticas de química general, diseñadas bajo la metodología de indagación guiada
Get PDFEste Manual fue financiado por el Proyecto de Innovación en Docencia (PID UCT 2021), denominado “’Laboratorio en Casa’: Propuesta para la implementación de actividades prácticas en un curso de Química General impartido bajo la modalidad de educación a distancia.
Characterization of muscle mass, strength and mobility of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Distribution by sex, age, days on mechanical ventilation, and muscle weakness
No full textObjective: Quantify and categorize by sex, age, and time spent on mechanical ventilation (MV), the decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and mobility in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and requiring mechanical ventilation while at intensive care unit (ICU).Design: Prospective observational study including participants recruited between June 2020 and February 2021 at Hospital Clinico Herminda Martin (HCHM), Chillan, Chile. The thickness of the quadriceps muscle was evaluated by ultrasonography (US) at intensive care unit admission and awakening. Muscle strength and mobility were assessed, respectively, through the Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS) and the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit Scale (FSS-ICU) both at awakening and at ICU discharge. Results were categorized by sex (female or male), age ( 10 days).Setting: Intensive care unit in a public hospital.Participants: 132 participants aged 18 years old or above (women n = 49, 60 & PLUSMN; 13 years; men n = 85, 59 & PLUSMN; 12 years) admitted to intensive care unit with a confirmed diagnosis of severe SARS-CoV-2 and requiring MV for more than 48 h were included in the study. Patients with previous physical and or cognitive disorders were excluded.Interventions: Not applicable.Results: Muscle thickness have significantly decreased during intensive care unit stay, vastus intermedius (-11%; p = 0.025), rectus femoris (-20%; p 10 days presented greater muscle loss, alongside with lower muscle strength and mobility.Conclusion: Critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and requiring MV presented decreased muscle mass, strength, and mobility during their intensive care unit stay. Factors associated with muscle mass, such as age > 60 years and > 10 days of MV, exacerbated the critical condition and impaired recovery
Psychometric Properties of the Moral Disengagement through Technologies Questionnaire (MDTech-Q) in a Sample of Chilean University Students
No full textIn the virtual environment, hostile and aggressive comments that could negatively affect university students who often use different digital platforms are frequently observed, more than other age groups who have little or no supervision. In this sense, moral disengagement (MD) has been linked to different negative behaviors that manifest in physical interactions and which currently take place on the Internet, creating the need for instruments that specifically address MD online. The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the Moral Disengagement through Technologies Questionnaire (MDTech-Q) with Chilean university students. The sample comprised 527 university students (43.14% men, 56.86% women), with an average age of 22.09 years (SD (Standard Deviation) = 3.59) enrolled in 12 universities. First, a linguistic adaptation of the scale took place, and the surveys were applied considering ethical principles. Then, two confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed, which considered four correlated factors, and provided satisfactory indices, agreeing with the original theoretical proposal, and demonstrating suitable reliability by internal consistency. In relation to the analyses of invariance according to sex and social media use, the MDTech-Q is stable up to scalar invariance. This study provides evidence of the psychometric quality of the MDTech-Q for its use on Chilean university students
Assessment of Future Land Use/Land Cover Scenarios on the Hydrology of a Coastal Basin in South-Central Chile
No full textLand use and land cover (LULC) change is one of the clearest representations of the global environmental change phenomenon at various spatial and temporal scales. Chile is worldwide recognized to have areas dedicated to non-native forest plantations that specifically in coastal range show high environmental and economic deterioration, questioning the sustainability of the forestry industry. Currently, there are no studies in Chile that reveal the real effects of the LULC change on the water balance at basin or sub-basin scales associated with future scenarios, which might contribute to territorial decision-making and reveal the real magnitude of the effects of these dynamics. In this study, in order to study LULC dynamics in a coastal basin in South-Central Chile, we assessed and analyzed the effects of future LULC change scenarios on the hydrological processes by generating future synthetic land cover maps from Landsat (Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI) image datasets. The hydrological model Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated, using hydroclimatic time series, to simulate discharges and other hydrological components over those future LULC scenarios. The LULC future scenarios were projected using combined Markov chain analysis (CA-Markov) and cellular automata algorithms for the near (2025), middle (2035) and far (2045) future. The results revealed that the effects on the different components of the water balance of the basin are not as significant except in the soil water transfer in percolation (increase 72.4%) and groundwater flow (increase 72.5%). This trend was especially observed in sub-basins with non-native forest plantations that dominated land cover in the year 2035, in which an increase of 43.6% in percolation and groundwater flows resulted in increased aquifer recharge and water storage, mainly offset by a decrease of 27% in the evapotranspiration. This work demonstrates the importance of evaluating the impacts of the dynamics of LULC on the hydrological response of a coastal basin, and also on how the land use governance and policy are closely linked to that of water resources
Activos, autónomos y contribuyentes: argumentos para la resignificación de las representaciones sociales sobre envejecimiento en Chile
Get PDFEl objetivo es indagar en la situación familiar, económica y multi-dimensional de personas mayores en Chile, cuestión clave para direccionar medidas políticas y programáticas. Utilizando datos CASEN, se analizan las tendencias de envejecimiento poblacional, los tipos de composición familiar con presencia de personas mayores y situación de pobreza y carencialidad que enfrentan los hogares, en especial respecto a contribuciones económicas y vulnerabilidad. Los resultados plantean que el grupo de personas mayores en Chile es activo y colabora en la economía familiar; no son integrantes dependientes ni recluidos en el hogar. Presentan bajos niveles de pobreza monetaria y carencialidad vinculada a la autonomía, apoyo social, trato igualitario y seguridad. La prioridad en materia política para este grupo reside en al menos tres desaf íos: garantizar condiciones laborales dignas para quienes desean seguir trabajando; fortalecer el enfoque multidimensional de medición de pobreza, capaz de capturar las carencias en hogares constituidos o con presencia de personas mayores; y mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad y entorno que tienen los hogares, en particular accesibilidad a servicios públicos y transporte.The objective is to investigate the family, economic and multidi-mensional situation of elderly people in Chile, a key issue to address political and programmatic measures. Using CASEN data, the trends in population aging, the types of family composition with presence of older people and the situation of poverty and deficiency faced by households are analyzed, especially regarding economic contributions and vulnerability. The results suggest that the group of elderly people in Chile is active and collaborates in the family economy; they are not dependent members or are confined in the home. They present low levels of monetary poverty and deficiency linked to autonomy, social support, equal treatment and security. The priority in political matters for this group lies in at least three challenges: guaranteeing decent working con-ditions for those who wish to continue working; strengthen the multidimen-sional approach to poverty measure, capable of capturing the shortcomings in established households or with the presence of older people; and to improve the living conditions and environment that households have, in particular ac-cessibility to public services and transportation