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Process of construction and modernization of the State in the territories of the Wallmapu: A conversation with Dr. Jorge Pinto Rodriguez
No full textThis is an interview with Dr. Jorge Pinto Rodriguez who has had a long career in university teaching and research. He stands out for his great contributions to regional history, in particular to our region of La Araucania, Wallmapu. La formacion del Estado y la nacion, y el pueblo mapuche: de la inclusion a la exclusion [The formation of the State and the nation, and the Mapuche people: from inclusion to exclusion] is a required text to understand the complex and difficult history forged in these territories between those who were already there and those who arrived later; between ancestral traditions and modern institutions such as the State. Precisely, the conceptualization, history and current situation of the State in Chile and in our region, in an unprecedented context of drafting a new Constitution, invite us to this interview in 'Three times'
Percepciones de futuras educadoras de párvulos hacia la educación ciudadana
Get PDFSe presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con estudiantes en práctica profesional de la carrera de Educación Parvularia en una universidad de la Araucanía, Chile. El objetivo
fue indagar las percepciones de educadoras en formación sobre el desarrollo de la noción de ciudadanía en la educación infantil. La investigación, cualitativa e interpretativa, se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a las estudiantes que efectuaban prácticas pedagógicas en jardines infantiles
y escuelas rurales y urbanas de la región. Los resultados evidencian una falta de claridad en el tema, que repercute en las estrategias para abordarlo, lo cual hace prevalecer una visión normativa de la educación ciudadana.This paper presents the results of a research carried out with students in professional practice of the Early Childhood Education Career at a university in Araucanía - Chile. The objective was to investigate the perceptions of students of education about the development of citizenship in early childhood education. The research followed qualitative and interpretive research methods. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the students who carried out pedagogical practices in kindergartens, rural and urban schools in the region. Results showed a lack of clarity on the subject, which affects the strategies to address it, this makes a normative vision of citizenship education prevail
Epistemological challenges of interculturality in indigenous contexts
Get PDFEn este ensayo examinamos la concepción de interculturalidada partir de las asimetrías epistémicas entre los conocimientos indígenas y los conocimientos de la escuela. El análisis considera una perspectiva crítica del concepto de interculturalidad y un enfoque epistémico-pedagógico indígena de generación de conocimientos educativos interculturales, basado en lo social y cultural. Argumentamos que el sistema escolar niegalas racionalidades epistémicas que sustentan el sistema de conocimiento indígena y dificulta la articulación intercultural cuandose enfatizan solo los aspectos culturales propios. Concluimos que el desafío para una interculturalidad crítica, en contexto indígena, es epistemológico estructural.In this paper, we analyze the notion of interculturality through the epistemic asymmetries between indigenous and school knowledge. The analysis considers a critical perspective of the concept of interculturality and an indigenous epistemic-pedagogical approach for the development of intercultural educational knowledge, based on social and cultural aspects. We argue that the school system denies the epistemic rationalities supported by the indigenous knowledge system and hinders intercultural articulation when only the own cultural aspects are emphasized. Finally, we conclude that the challenge for critical interculturality, in indigenous context, is structural-epistemological
The tadpole of <i>Telmatobius fronteriensis</i> (Anura, Telmatobiidae), from Puquios, western of the Andes Range, northern Chile
No full textMassive scalar field perturbations of black holes surrounded by dark matter
No full textWe consider scalar field perturbations in the background of black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). We find, by using the sixth-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation, that the longest-lived modes are those with a higher angular number for a scalar field mass smaller than a critical value, known as the anomalous decay rate of the quasinormal modes, while beyond this critical value the opposite behavior is observed. Moreover, we show that it is possible to recover the real part of the quasinormal frequencies (QNFs), the imaginary part of the QNFs, and the critical scalar field mass of the Schwarzschild background for different values of the PFDM intensity parameter k. For values of k smaller than these values, the abovementioned quantities are greater than the Schwarzschild background. However, beyond these values of k, these quantities are smaller than the Schwarzschild background
El control judicial de la discrecionalidad administrativa
No full textEste artículo tiene por objeto determinar como se efectúa el control judicial de los actos administrativos discrecionales, emanados de los órganos de la Administración del Estado. En este sentido es trascendental identificar los límites entre la discrecionalidad y arbitrariedad de un acto administrativo, como también los límites del control judicial; encontrando y revisando dos posturas existentes en el derecho español: la primera de ellas reconoce el control judicial con facultad de anular y sin sustitución; y la segunda reconoce este control con facultades del juez para sustituir el acto discrecional anulado. Para finalmente identificar algunas técnicas de control judicial.The purpose of this article is to determine how judicial control of discretionary administrative acts, emanating from State Administration bodies, is exercised. In this context, it is of vital importance to identify the limit between discretion and arbitrariness in administrative acts, as well as the limits of judicial control. The article identifies and reviews two existing positions in Spanish law: the first recognizes judicial control as having the power to annul without substitution; the second recognizes this control, and the power of the judge to replace the annulled discretionary act. The article ends by identifying some techniques for judicial control
Thoracoabdominal rebalancing is not superior to manual hyperinflation to increase the amount of pulmonary secretion removed in preterm newborns: A randomized crossover trial
No full textBackground and Aims: Respiratory physical therapy is recommended to prevent complications of accumulated secretion in mechanical ventilated infants, but no consensus about the best technique is available.Aims: To evaluate the effects of manual hyperinflation maneuver (MHM) and thoracoabdominal rebalancing method (TRM) in preterm newborns (PTNB) for bronchial hygiene.Methods: Single-blind randomized crossover trial with intention-to-treat analysis was carried out with 24 PTNB (<37 weeks of gestation) under invasive ventilatory support via orotracheal cannula received both interventions (MHM and TRM) with an interval of 4 h, followed by tracheal suctioning. The primary outcome was the amount of pulmonary secretion, while secondary outcomes were the response of the autonomous (heart rate, respiratory rate [RR], tidal volume [TV], and oxygen saturation [SpO(2)]), motor (classification of general movements), and regulatory (pain and respiratory discomfort) systems pre and postintervention.Results: Although the amount of secretion was not different after the MHM and TRM interventions (0.10 and 0.09 g, respectively, p = 0.47), a difference was observed in the increase of SpO(2) (p = 0.001), and in the decrease of RR (p = 0.001) for TRM. The poor repertoire pattern was predominant (23 PTNB), and it did not alter after interventions. Pain was not observed during interventions, the respiratory discomfort decreased after both interventions (p = 0.50).Conclusion: The amount of secretion removed was similar after MHM and TRM and both maneuvers did not negatively alter the response of the autonomous, motor, and regulatory systems
Relação entre o nível de atividade física e equilíbrio em mulheres na meia-idade e idosas
Get PDFPhysical exercise may improve motor skills, such as static standing balance. However, the association
between physical activity level based on activities of daily living and static balance is unknown.
Objective: To assess the association between the physical activity level and static balance in middle-aged and older women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 589 community-dwelling women. Static balance was assessed using the single-leg stance test (SLST) with eyes open and closed. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and classified as high, moderate, or low. KruskalWallis test compared balance performance between participants with different physical activity levels. Multiple quantile regression analyses assessed the association between variables adjusted for age, family income, educational level, body mass index, comorbidities, and parity.
Results: Participants with low physical activity level showed worse SLST performance with eyes open
and closed than participants with high physical activity level in the bivariate analysis. However, physical activity level and SLST performance were not associated in the analysis adjusted for covariates.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that only being active in daily living activities is not associated with better standing balance in middleaged and older women. Specific physical exercise programs should be implemented to improve balance in this population.O exercício físico pode melhorar as habilidades motoras, como o equilíbrio estático na posição ortostática; no entanto, a associação do nível de atividade física durante as atividades de vida diária e o equilíbrio estático não é conhecida.
Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o nível de atividade física e o equilíbrio estático em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas.
Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 589 mulheres residentes na comunidade. O equilíbrio estático foi avaliado usando o teste de equilíbrio unipodal com os olhos abertos e fechados. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado usando o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física – versão curta e classificado em alto, moderado e baixo. O teste de Kruskall Wallis comparou o desempenho no teste de equilíbrio unipodal de participantes com diferentes níveis de atividade física. Modelos de regressão quantílica avaliaram a associação entre as variáveis ajustada pelas covariáveis idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, índice de massa corporal, condições crônicas e paridade.
Resultados: Na análise bivariada, as mulheres com baixo nível de atividade física mantiveram o equilíbrio em pé com os olhos abertos e fechados por um tempo menor do que aquelas classificadas como alto nível de atividade física. No entanto a associação entre nível de atividade física e performance no teste de equilíbrio estático não foi significativa na análise ajustada para as covariáveis.
Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que apenas ser ativa nas atividades de vida diária não está associado a um melhor equilíbrio em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Programas específicos de exercício físico devem ser implementados visando um melhor desempenho do equilíbrio nesta população
Alarming multidrug resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis: Antibiotic resistance patterns and occurrence of selected resistance genes
No full textBovine mastitis is a widespread and costly disease that affects dairy farming globally, characterized by mammary gland inflammation. Bovine intramammary gland infection has been associated with more than 135 different pathogens of which Staphylococcus aureus is the main etiology of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM). The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, tetK, aacA-aphD and blaZ) in S. aureus isolated from the raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. A total of 543 milk samples were collected from lactating cows such as Holstein Friesian (n = 79), Sahiwal (n = 175), Cholistani (n = 107), and Red Sindhi (n = 182) from different dairy farms in Pakistan. From the milk samples microscopic slides were prepared and the somatic cell count was assessed to find SCM. To isolate and identify S. aureus, milk was streaked on mannitol salt agar (MSA) plates. Further confirmation was done based on biochemical assays, including gram staining (+ coccus), catalase test (+), and coagulase test (+). All the biochemically confirmed S. aureus isolates were molecularly identified using the thermonuclease (nuc) gene. The antibiotic resistance pattern of all the S. aureus isolates was evaluated through the disc diffusion method. Out of 543 milk samples, 310 (57.09%) were positive for SCM. Among the SCM-positive samples, S. aureus was detected in 30.32% (94/310) samples. Out of 94 isolates, 47 (50%) were determined to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Among these MDR isolates, 11 exhibited resistance to Cefoxitin, and hence were classified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The S. aureus isolates showed the highest resistance to Lincomycin (84.04%) followed by Ampicillin (45.74%), while the least resistance was shown to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (3.19%) and Gentamycin (6.38%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that 55.31% of the isolates carried blaZ gene, 46.80% carried tetK gene, 17.02% harbored the mecA gene, whereas, aacA-aphD gene was found in 13.82% samples. Our findings revealed a significant level of contamination of milk with S. aureus and half (50%) of the isolates were MDR. The isolated S. aureus harbored various antibiotic resistance genes responsible for the absorbed phenotypic resistance. The alarmingly high prevalence of MDR S. aureus isolates and MRSA strains in these cases possess a serious risk to public health, emphasizes the urgent need to address this issue to protect both human and animal health in Pakistan
EFFECTS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION ON ACADEMICS OF CHILEAN HIGHER EDUCATION: COMPLIANCE WITH DIETARY GUIDELINES AND ACADEMIC BURNOUT SYNDROME.
No full textObjectives: Describe levels of compliance with dietary guidelines and the relationship with the level of burnout syndrome, in teachers who carried out distance education in Chilean Universities. Material and methods: Multicenter, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Non-probabilistic sample of 475 university teachers. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Eating Habits Survey based on the GABAs were used. For the analyses, the statistical program Stata 16.1 (StataCorp, College Station) was used; frequency and percentage were established; to compare categorical variables, the chi 2 test was used. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify whether the average of the variables (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment) presented a significant tendency to decrease or increase according to compliance with the GABAs. Results: 50.7% of the sample whose ages are between 20 and 39 years old are those who have the greatest compliance with dietary recommendations (54.2%), when compared to the group between 40 and 59 years old (46.8%). Of the total sample, 60.8% present emotional exhaustion, with the items being noncompliance (60.6%) or compliance 1 time (64.5%). Regarding the personal fulfillment category, the highest values are found in the low subcategory, highlighting non-compliance (63.3%) or only 1 compliance (40.8%) with dietary recommendations. In turn, there is greater compliance with the daily recommendations for dairy products and legumes, with the average non-compliance (63.7%) with the recommendations always being higher. The recommendation for the consumption of fruits and vegetables presents the highest values n= 450 (94.7%), of non-compliance with the recommendation. Conclusions: University teaching in confinement brought with it inadequate eating habits, generated by stress, emotional exhaustion, domestic chores, added to daily work and family responsibilities, impacting women more. Following the daily dietary recommendations, based on GABAs, ensures an intake of macro and micronutrients, along with an adequate supply of fiber