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Comparison of the effectiveness between aerobic and anaerobic exercise for balance in individuals over 45 years old with Stage 3 Parkinson's disease. Scoping review
No full textThe aim of this article is to investigate the influence of aerobic and anaerobic therapeutic exercise on individuals suffering from stage 3 Parkinson's disease, with a particular emphasis on its impact on balance and motor capacity. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted using articles published from 2015 to 2021, sourced from databases such as PEDro and PubMed, covering the last 8 years, spanning from 2015 to 2021. Eligibility criteria focused on the selection of randomized clinical trials related to stage 3 Parkinson's disease (PD) in individuals over 45 years of age. These trials were required to be associated with the use of balance exercises, aerobic exercises, and anaerobic exercises. Results: 13 articles were selected according to eligibility criteria, underscoring the significance of considering exercise as an integral part of treatment strategies to enhance the quality of life for patients with this neurodegenerative disease. Conclusions: While research provides general therapeutic dosing guidelines, there is a lack of long-term clinical findings regarding the benefits of these interventions
Two-step access to bis-<i>meso</i>-perfluoroalkyl-corroles towards <i>meso</i>-perfluoroacyl-ABC-corroles
No full textA solventless and acid-catalyzed condensation of meso-perfluoroalkyl-dipyrromethanes with selected benzaldehydes was used to prepare ten different bilanes that were isolated before their oxidation into trans-A2B-corroles bearing two meso-perfluoroalkyl groups. Macrocycles bearing long chains (C3F7 or C7F15) are key precursors to afford ABC-corroles having a meso-acyl substituent when subjected to a mild and basic hydrolysis affecting one of the alkyl substituents
Healthy Lifestyle Related to Executive Functions in Chilean University Students: A Pilot Study
No full textBackground: A negative lifestyle is reported to be related to cognitive problems. However, there is little information about this in relation to university students. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between executive functions (EFs) and lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA), sleep duration, screen time (ST), and food habits) among Chilean university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 150 university students (94 females and 56 males, aged 21.28 +/- 3.15 and 22.18 +/- 2.90 years, respectively). Cognitive outcomes were measured using the CogniFit assessment battery. Lifestyle was measured through validated questionnaires. Results: Across the total sample, attention exhibited a positive association with PA h/week (beta: 24.34 95% CI: 12.46 to 36.22, p = 0.001). Additionally, coordination was positively associated with PA h/week (beta: 15.06 95% CI: 0.62 to 29.50, p < 0.041). PA h/week was positively linked with reasoning (beta: 20.34 95% CI: 4.52 to 36.17, p = 0.012) and perception (beta: 13.81 95% CI: 4.14 to 23.49, p = 0.005). Moreover, PA h/week was significantly linked to memory (beta: 23.01 95% CI: 7.62 to 38.40, p = 0.004). In terms of the EFs, PA h/week showed a positive association with cognitive flexibility (beta: 45.60 95% CI: 23.22 to 67.69, p = 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, lifestyle (PA h/week) was positively associated with EFs. Therefore, an increase in PA levels among these students should be a target for community- and university-based interventions in order to promote cognitive development such as attention, coordination, reasoning, perception, memory, and cognitive flexibility
Family Role in the School Engagement from the Perspective of Students with Special Education Needs
Get PDFEl compromiso escolar se entiende como el nivel de involucramiento del estudiante con su escuela, su sentido de pertenencia, y la motivación por aprender y obtener logros académicos. En este estudio se busca caracterizar el rol de la familia en el compromiso escolar desde la perspectiva de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales. Para tal efecto, se realizó un estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Los participantes son ocho estudiantes de primer y segundo año de enseñanza secundaria de la Región del Biobío, Chile. Se utilizó la técnica de fotoelicitación, narración fotográfica, y entrevistas. Se realizó análisis de contenido con los datos. Los resultados muestran que la dimensión emocional del compromiso escolar es la que más aparece reportada en la experiencia subjetiva de los estudiantes, a través de sentimientos relacionados con el “estar presente”, el apoyo y la acogida. En segundo lugar, aparece la dimensión conductual del compromiso, a través del monitoreo, el uso de recordatorios y la reiteración sobre la importancia de estudiar. Finalmente, sobre la dimensión cognitiva, solo algunos estudiantes mencionan acciones de apoyo pedagógico de forma directa o indirecta. Respecto a las necesidades educativas especiales, estas no aparecen como un tema relevante en la experiencia de los participantes. Se discuten estos resultados respecto de la importancia del apoyo parental en el compromiso escolar de los estudiantes.School engagement is the level of involvement of students with their school, their sense of belonging, and the motivation to learn and achieve academic goals. The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of the family on school engagement from the perspective of students with special educational needs. For this purpose, a qualitative study with a phenomenological focus was carried out. Eight Chilean students from first and second grade of secondary schools from the Biobio region, Chile, participated in the study. The study employed the technique of photo-elicitation, photographic narration, and interviews. Content analysis was performed with the data. The results show that the emotional dimension of school engagement is the most reported one, highlighting subjective experiences related to their families “being present”, providing support, and making company. The behavioral dimension of the engagement appears to a lower extent, through parental actions such as monitoring, reminding school work, and stressing the importance of education. In relation to the cognitive dimension, fewer students mentioned families provided pedagogical support actions. Participants do not mention special educational needs as a relevant issue in their academic experience. These results are discussed highlighting the importance of family support on students’ school engagement
Estudantes chilenos e o ensino de história em áreas de conflito
Get PDFEste artículo corto ubicado en el área de las Ciencias Sociales, sub área Educación General, hace parte del Convenio Individual de Desempeño adjudicado a la autora, denominado “Enseñanza de la Historia en Espacios de Conflicto”, financiado por la Universidad Católica de Temuco (Contrato de Convenio de Desempeño Individual del 1 de agosto de 2015).En este artículo analizo las creencias de estudiantes de La Araucanía en Chile, sobre aspectos asociados con la enseñanza de la historia de su región. Es un conocimiento que aportaría antecedentes valiosos para incluir en programas del sector; contenidos clave para que el estudiantado comprenda la violencia que se vive hoy en la región estudiada. A partir de la teoría sociocultural del aprendizaje y con una metodología de corte cualitativo-descriptivo, diseñé una entrevista semiestructurada que apliqué a estudiantes secundarios de la región. Con este instrumento identifiqué creencias sobre la historia local y su enseñanza en la escuela. El análisis arrojó resultados como que el estudiantado valora la enseñanza de la historia local, reconociendo que es la familia y no la escuela la fuente principal de conocimiento de la misma.este artigo analisa as crenças dos estudantes secundários de Araucania, no Chile, sobre o ensino da história de sua região. Conhecimento que aportaria antecedentes valiosos para incluir em programas do setor, conteúdos chaves para que o estudante compreenda episódios de violência nos quais vivem hoje os habitantes da região. A partir da teoria da aprendizagem sociocultural e metodologia da parte descritiva qualitativa, uma entrevista semiestruturada foi projetada, instrumento que foi aplicado a estudantes do ensino médio na região de Araucania. A análise encontrou resultados que dizem respeito a como os estudantes valorizam o estudo de sua história local e da educação na escola. A análise e principais resultados mostraram que os alunos valorizam ensino da história local, reconhecendo que é a família não a escola a principal fonte de conhecimento sobre o mesmo.This article analyzes the beliefs of secondary students in Araucania, Chile regarding the teaching of the history of their region. This knowledge would contribute valuable content for the programs in this sector so that students could understand the violence that they are currently experiencing in this region. The authors used a socio-cultural learning theory and qualitative-descriptive methodology to design a semi-structured interview guide, an instrument that was applied with secondary students in the region. The analysis produced the conclusion that students value the teaching of local history, recognizing that the main source of knowledge of this history comes from their families and not the school
Triangulation as proposed research method for the study of intercultural communicative competence in the context of school migration and interculturality
Get PDFa comunicación es un proceso de negociación entre sujetos que pertenecen a sociedades y culturas diferentes, que favorece el conocimiento y el reconocimiento de lo que es distinto, cuestión que ha de ser una práctica habitual en la formación inicial de profesores que trabajarán en contextos de inmigración e interculturalidad. Desde este supuesto, nos preguntamos: ¿qué aproximación metodológica puede proporcionarnos información relevante sobre la competencia comunicativa intercultural en estudiantes de pedagogía que trabajarán en aulas multiculturales? Nos aproximamos a esta cuestión mediante la revisión de literatura especializada. Definimos como trayecto: a) la competencia comunicativa intercultural; b) un marco para la triangulación de métodos en investigación; c) análisis de las ventajas y limitaciones de los métodos; d) propuesta de la triangulación de métodos, y e) justificación de un pluralismo epistemológico, a partir del principio de pertinencia social del conocimiento científico. Concluimos que es la naturaleza de los objetos de investigación la que debe orientar la selección de los métodos y las técnicas más adecuadas para comprender y explicar el fenómeno de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en contextos de inmigración e interculturalidad.belonging to different societies and cultures, which promotes awareness and recognition of what is different, an issue that has to be a common practice in the initial training of teachers who will work in the context of immigration and multiculturalism. From this assumption, we asked what methodological approach can provide relevant information about the intercultural communicative competence in student teachers who will eventually work in multicultural classrooms? We approach this question by reviewing specialized literature, defining as apath: a) the intercultural communicative competence; b) a framework for the triangulation of research methods; c) analysis of the advantages and limitations of the methods; d)proposed methods triangulation, e) justification of epistemological pluralism, based on the principle of social relevance of the scientific knowledge. We conclude that it is the nature of the objects of research that should guide the choice of methods and appropriate techniques to understand and explain the phenomenon of intercultural communicative competence in intercultural contexts of immigration and interculturality
Relationship between thoracoabdominal mobility and hours of life in infants: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFAssessing the relationship between thoracoabdominal mobility (TAM) in newborns (NBs) is relevant for a greater understanding of pulmonary kinematics. This study aimed to assess the association between TAM, hours of life and respiratory rate (RR) in term NBs. Healthy NBs were included in the sample. They were filmed for 2 min, with markers in the lateral region of the trunk, delimiting the thoracic and abdominal areas. TAM and RR were assessed using a MATLAB® routine. For kinematic analysis, an algorithm created graphs presenting thoracoabdominal mobility. A total of 26 NBs were evaluated. TAM was the only variable that exhibited a statistically significant intergroup difference, showing that the fewer the hours of life, the greater the mobility. Simple linear regression analysis showed that RR can explain 31% of the variation in abdominal mobility (p = 0.002). Thus, the fewer the hours of life, the greater the TAM of NBs, with a predominance of abdominal compartment mobility
The Temporal Variation of Secondary Metabolites in the Mycobiont Culture and Thallus of <i>Parmelina carporrhizans</i> and <i>Parmelina quercina</i> Analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
No full textLichens are composite organisms that produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites; many of the compounds have a high potential as bioactive compounds. The major limitations of using bioactive compounds from lichens is their slow growth rate and the damage to environmental populations caused by massive collection. The alternative to the massive collection of lichens in the field is their culture under laboratory conditions. We chose two related lichen species of Parmeliaceae that produce similar metabolites and isolated from spores in cultures placed under axenic conditions for over 550 days. From these cultures, we sampled 35 mg of each species from different culture media at two sampling times. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect and identify major compounds. We found no differences in the metabolites produced within the species in comparisons between different culture media. Our results show that the mycobiont cultures produced different secondary metabolites than those found in natural lichen thalli. Moreover, different secondary metabolites between species and different metabolites over time were observed. We conclude that mycobiont cultures are a promising alternative for determining bioactive compounds and enhancing the efficiency of growth and production. These could be a good option for eco-friendly metabolite production
Escala prácticas profesionales en estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile
Get PDFIntroducción: los procesos de educación superior han migrado de una enseñanza centrada en el docente a una centrada en el estudiante y en el aprendizaje. Las prácticas profesionales se han visto en la necesidad de adecuar la docencia y los métodos de enseñanza, tanto como la planificación curricular y la evaluación. En lo que respecta a la evaluación, en el marco del modelo educativo de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, emerge la evaluación por competencias. Esto ha traído consigo desafíos como la generación de nuevos instrumentos de evaluación.
Material y métodos :el objetivo de la investigación fue diseñar y explorar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de percepciones de docentes sobre la práctica de estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio.
Resultados: el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala arroja 2 dimensiones con adecuados índices de ajuste, denominadas competencias genéricas, compuestas por el trabajo colaborativo y la interculturalidad e, competencias específicas, integrada por la gestión, evaluación e intervención.
Conclusión: se recomienda avanzar en examinar el comportamiento de la escala en distintas universidades.
Abstract
Higher education processes have shifted from teacher-centered teaching to student-centered and learning-centered approaches. Professional practices have needed to adapt teaching methods, curriculum planning, and evaluation accordingly. Regarding evaluation, within the Educational Model of the Catholic University of Temuco, competency-based evaluation has emerged. This has brought about challenges such as the generation of new evaluation instruments. Materials and methods: The aim of the research was to design and explore the psychometric properties of a scale of perception of the teachers in the practice of students in the Faculty of Health Sciences at UCT, through exploratory factor analysis. Results: Analysis of the psychometric properties of the scale resulted in two dimensions with adequate fit indexes, called generic competencies, made up of collaborative work and interculturality and specific competencies, made up of management, evaluation and intervention. Conclusions: It is recommended to further examine the behavior of the scale in different universities
Biocidal effects of organometallic materials supported on ZSM-5 Zeolite: Influence of the physicochemical and surface properties
No full textAntifouling coatings containing biocidal agents can be used to prevent the accumulation of biotic deposits on submerged surfaces; however, several commercial biocides can negatively affect the ecosystem. In this study, various formulations of a potential biocide product comprising copper nanoparticles and capsaicin supported on zeolite ZSM-5 were analyzed to determine the influence of the concentration of each component. The incorporation of copper was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Similarly, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that capsaicin was supported on the zeolite surface. The presence of capsaicin on the external zeolite surface significantly reduced the surface area of the zeolite. Finally, bacterial growth inhibition analysis showed that copper nanoparticles inhibited the growth of strains Idiomarina loihiensis UCO25, Pseudoalteromonas sp. UCO92, and Halomonas boliviensis UCO24 while the organic component acted as a reinforcing biocide