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Stigma in high weight women through an interpretative phenomenological analysis
No full textCarrying a high weight is a characteristic that has been devalued and socially denigrated, turning people with large bodies into victims of stereotypes, prejudice, or discrimination, which has been called weight stigmatisation, a phenomenon that occurs especially in women. The aim of this study was to describe the weight stigma experiences of women with obesity who live in southern Chile. Six women between 20 and 57 years of age participated in semi -structured interviews conducted remotely. Through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis four supra -themes and several sub -themes were identified, the supra -themes are: 1. Obesity as part of the person. 2. Experiences of feeling discriminated. 3. Everything is about weight. 4. what society thinks of obesity, which together allow characterising the experience of living with obesity and suffering the weight stigma in different areas of their lives, including in health contexts. The consequences of this experience are diverse and negative, highlighting the impact it has on their self-esteem and the constant negative emotions that derive from discrimination situations. These results highlight the importance of moving toward body diversity and acceptance, which is a challenge for society in general and health care providers in particular, as it requires interventions free from prejudice and orientated to the health and well-being of individuals
“Por más que yo trabaje, trato de acomodar todo a mi hijo”: Usos de la visualización de líneas de tiempo para comprender desigualdades de género en la academia
Get PDFEste artículo tiene por objetivo dar cuenta cómo, en términos metodológicos, las trayectorias de vida en su componente cualitativo entregan información valiosa aprovechada mediante el uso de la visualización de líneas de tiempo. En general estas han sido ampliamente utilizadas por estudios cuantitativos, y esta investigación se develará su utilidad en un proyecto cualitativo en la recolección de datos, análisis y posterior presentación. Esto, debido a que una de las características principales de la visualización de las líneas de tiempo es emplazar la información a escala humana, y así promover la plausibilidad de las comparaciones entre casos. Así este artículo espera mostrar la utilidad de la visualización de datos cualitativos a través de su ejemplificación en la comparación de cuatro líneas biográficas de académicos de una universidad chilena. Se utiliza una definición particular de trayectoria académica, a saber, la imbricación de aspectos laborales, familiares y de pareja que se desarrollan en el contexto de la academia. Con esta definición como punto de partida, se articularon estas líneas de tiempo con las biografías narrativas de los/as académicos/as. La utilización de colores, símbolos según el evento, y citas de las entrevistas en cada uno de los momentos en las líneas biográficas, permite dar cuenta que, en el caso de los hombres, la trayectoria laboral sigue una linealidad progresiva y distanciada de la trayectoria familiar. Al contrario, en el caso de las mujeres, su trayectoria laboral se ve puesta en evaluación y/o tensionada respecto de la trayectoria familiar. Así se concluye, que la visualización de las líneas de tiempo es una herramienta flexible pues puede actuar como una ayuda memoria a los/as entrevistados/as durante el trabajo de terreno. Además, permite dar cuenta de aspectos subjetivos para ser trabajados analíticamente, hacer comparaciones, y mostrar de una forma amable la información para diversas audiencias y grupos de investigación.The objective of this article is to show how, in methodological terms, life trajectories in their qualitative component seem to provide infor-mation where data visualization - usually used by quantitative studies - could contribute enough to the data collection, analysis and the subsequent presentation. One of the main features of data visualization is that it would allow placing the information on a human scale, which would make comparing cases a more plausible process to perform. In this sense, this article hopes to show the usefulness of the visualization of qualitative data based on the comparison of four biographical lines of chemistry academics of a Chilean university. We use a particular definition of academic trajectory, namely, the overlap of work, family, personal and couple aspects that are developed in the academic con-text. With this definition as a starting point, these timelines were articulated with the academic narrative biographies. The use of colors, symbols according to the event, and quotes from the interviews in each of the events within the biographical lines, allow us to realize that, in the case of men, work trajectory follows a progressive linearity and it distanced from the trajectory family. On the contrary, for women work trajectory is put into evaluation and stressed regarding the family trajectory. Thus, we concluded that the visualization of the timelines is a flexible tool because it can act as a memory aid to the inter-viewees during fieldwork. Besides, it allows to account for subjective aspects to be analyzed, to make comparisons, and to show the information amiably for the audience and research groups
Rethinking development: Buen Vivir and other theories as alternative and more sustainable ways of living
Get PDFEn el presente trabajo se reflexiona sobre el contenido y alcance del concepto de desarrollo y su reconocimiento como derecho humano, revisando las principales críticas a su implementación en base a criterios economicistas y antropocéntricos desde la perspectiva Occidental, que impulsaron el (re) surgimiento de otras teorías que buscan erigirse como alternativas. Considerando la existencia de posiciones diversas, utilizando principalmente los métodos dogmático y deductivo-inductivo, se analizan los fundamentos y contenidos del Buen Vivir y su relación con otras teorías, con el objeto de identificar los aportes que estas corrientes pueden hacer a la hora de diseñar y articular polí-ticas sociales y públicas en esta materia.This article analyzes the content and scope of the concept of development and its recognition as a human right, reviewing thoroughly the main criticisms of its implementation based on economistic and anthropocentric criteria from a Western perspective, which have led to the (re)emergence of other theories that seek to set themselves up as alternatives to development. Considering the existence of different positions and using mainly dogmatic and deductive-inductive methods, we analyze the foundations and contents of the Buen Vivir and its relation with other the-ories, in order to identify the contributions that these ideas can make when designing and articulating social and public policies in this area
Implementation of Renewable Energy from Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Facilities in Peru: A Promising Sustainable Future
No full textIn the last two decades, Peru has experienced a process of transformation in the sources of its energy matrix, increasing the participation of clean energy such as solar photovoltaic (PV), on-shore wind, biomass, and small hydro. However, hydropower and natural gas remain the main sources of electricity, whereas off-shore wind, biogas, waves, tidal, and geothermal sources are currently underdeveloped. This article presents the enormous potential of Peru for the generation of electrical energy from a solar source equivalent to 25 GW, as it has in one of the areas of the world with the highest solar radiation throughout the year. In addition, this article presents the main advantages, benefits, and considerations of the implementation of solar photovoltaic technology, with emphasis on (i) the potential of solar energy, showing the available potential and an installed capacity by the year 2024 equivalent to 398 MW, (ii) current solar energy sources, characterizing existing industrial solar photovoltaic (PV) energy plants, and (iii) future solar energy facilities projections, stating the portfolio of solar renewable energy plant projects to be implemented in the future considering an installed capacity of 7.2 GW by 2028. Additionally, lessons learned, challenges, and directions for the future development of solar energy in the country are presented. Finally, the article concludes that if Peru takes advantage of solar potential by considering a sustainable future perspective and implementing strategic land-use planning, the southern region will be transformed into a world-class territory for renewable energy development considering the hybridization of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar energy storage systems
Food supply networks in Chile. The neighborhood as a resilient place in times of Covid19
No full textIn this article we present the results of an ethnographic investigation, based on a combined qualitative/quantitative design, into the impacts of the Covid 19 pandemic on two Chilean cities. We studied the activation of local food supply networks in popular areas of the comunas (districts) of Penalolen and Santiago (Metropolitan Region) and Valdivia (Los Rios Region). We used a substantive and localized approach to food supply networks, analyzing their dynamics, scope, and limits in the study areas, treating them as complex socio-territorial configurations. Our data show that, in the context of this crisis, the neighborhood, on different scales, emerges as a space of resilience and creative resistance in the face of food supply problems, and offers a potential for prosperity in similar events in the future
INFLUENCIA DE LA NUTRICION Y ACTIVIDAD FISICA EN LOS PROCESOS DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE: UNA MIRADA DESDE LA EVIDENCIA PARA LA TRANSFORMACION
Get PDFLos procesos de transformación sufridos en Chile por la modernización han traído consigo problemáticas asociados a aspectos alimentarios, de nutrición y de actividad física. Estos factores y los malos hábitos como el sedentarismo, repercuten en problemas de salud, epidemiológicos yde educación. El objetivo del ensayo es entregar algunas concepciones contemporáneas desde el campo de la investigación en aspectos nutricionales, bioenergéticas y del movimiento humano como factores que pudieran ayudar a mejorar los aprendizajes de los educandos y por consecuencia los rendimientos académicos. Los desafíos de la política nacional país están centrados en la disminución de las brechas económicas y en el logro de la equidad en temas educacionales como promotores de transformación social. La indagación de métodos de enseñanza para mejorar el aprendizaje o rendimiento académico de los niños toma importancia. Investigaciones centradas en aspectos alimentarios, nutricionales y de actividad física han evidenciado por separado su influencia en la disposición al estudio y modificador de entornos químicos neuronales que favorecen procesos cognitivos relacionados con el aprendizaje. La articulación de variables puede ser de ayuda para el proceso de transformaciónThe transformation processes undergone in Chile consequence of modernization have brought problems related to nutrition and physical activity. These factors and bad habits such as sedentarism, have repercussions on health problems, epidemiological aspects and aspects related to the performance or learning in the school system. The challenges of national country policy are centered on the reduction of economic gaps and the achievement of equity in educational issues as promoters of social transformation. Inquiry teaching methods to improve the learning and academic performance of children becomes relevant. Research focused nutritional and physical activity aspects have separately shown their influence in studying disposition and as modifiers of neuronal chemical environments that favor cognitive processes related to learning. The articulation of variables can be helpful for the transformation process
Estado Nutricional y fuerza de tren inferior: diferencias entre sexo y área geográfica entre niños y niñas
Get PDFEl presente estudio transversal pretende determinar y establecer la asociación entre las variables de estado nutricional y fuerza en el segmento inferior entre estudiantes Chilenos correspondientes a la región de la Araucanía, pertenecientes a un sector urbano en contraste con estudiantes de un sector rural. La muestra fue de 120 escolares, divididos en 60 niños y 60 niñas cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 10 y 11 años . Se realizó medición del IMC (Kg/H^2) para luego clasificar su estado nutricional y también la prueba de salto vertical Test de Sargent (fuerza de tren inferior) en la población escolar. Los grupos fueron comparados con la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado con intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Para los resultados del test de Sargent se realizó correlación de Pearson. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de niñas de ambos sectores, encasilladas en el rango de sobrepeso y obesidad. Así mismo, presentan similitud en la prueba de salto vertical (test de Sargent) en donde no existieron diferencias significativas al momento de correlacionar entre sexo y área geográfica
Unfurling an improved method for visualizing mitotic chromosomes in ferns
No full textPremise: Cytotaxonomy employs chromosome visualization to study organismal relationships and evolution. Despite the critical value of cytogenetic data, cytotypes are lacking for many plant groups. Here, we present an improved approach for visualizing mitotic chromosomes in ferns, a key lineage of land plants, using the dividing cells of unfurling croziers (fiddleheads). Methods and Results: Our modified mitotic chromosome preparation incorporates a brief pectinase-cellulase pretreatment, as well as colchicine fixation and the Feulgen reaction to improve the staining and separation of mitotic chromosomes. To demonstrate this easy and efficient assessment, we determined the sporophytic (2n) chromosome number for three fern species: Cheilanthes mollis (2n = 60), Cheilanthes hypoleuca (2n = 120), and Nephrolepis cordifolia (2n = 82). Conclusions: The new method presented here improves visualizations of mitotic chromosomes from the dividing nuclei of young fern croziers. Fiddleheads are widely accessible in nature and in living collections worldwide, and this modified approach increases their suitability for fern cytotaxonomic studies
From ethnicization to ethnicism: Transformations of the legal and political subject of blackness in Colombia
No full textIn Colombia, since 1900s, some Afro-descendant populations are classified as an ethnic group, akin to indigenous communities. This classification has included, especially within the Comisi & oacute;n de la Verdad report, to recognize Afro-descendants as ethnic people, a view widely shared among activists, scholars, and NGOs. The process of ethnicization, distinct from race, involves traditionalizing and communalizing these populations from the Pacific region. Recent shifts have involved racialized ethnicism, combining racial markers with cultural traditionalized differences under a regime of victimhood, reflecting complex, overlapping transformations rather than straightforward successions. This article analyzes these evolving legal and political conceptions of blackness over the past three decades, highlighting the nuanced shifts in state policies and imaginaries