University of Cádiz
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Hur medarbetare beskriver organisationskulturen i en hybrid arbetsform : En kvalitativ studie om generation X och Z:s uppfattning av organisationskultur
No full textSince the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations have increasingly adopted remote work solutions which now affects a major segment of the workforce. Work from home is considered to offer flexibility, however, several studies raise areas of concern. Culture is an important part in shaping the workplace to the needs of the organization, and remote work changes the frequency and quality of social interactions. Previous research highlights how remote work can impact employee cooperation, wellbeing, and personal identification with the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine how organizational culture is described and expressed among employees, and how these perceptions differ between Generation X and Generation Z in a hybrid work environment. The study's framework is based on Blumer's (1986) theory of symbolic interactionism. The study was conducted through qualitative interviews with employees from several different organizations, with half of respondents being born between 1995 and 2008, and half of respondents born between 1968 and 1979. The study's result shows how cohesion and communication is different in the remote work environment. Interactions take on new meaning and informal communication becomes a keystone to building organizational culture. The social reality changes due to less physical interaction between co-workers.Sedan Covid-19-pandemin har organisationer infört hybrida arbetsformer för allt fler anställda. Att arbeta hemifrån anses erbjuda flexibilitet, men flera studier lyfter fram problemområden. Kultur är en viktig del i att forma arbetsplatsen efter organisationens behov, och hybridarbete förändrar frekvensen och kvaliteten på sociala interaktioner. Tidigare forskning belyser hur hybridarbete kan påverka medarbetarnas samarbete, välmående och personliga identifikation med organisationen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur organisationskultur beskrivs och uttrycks bland medarbetare, samt hur dessa uppfattningar skiljer sig mellan generation X och generation Z i en hybrid arbetsform. Studiens teoretiska ramverk baseras på Blumers (1986) teori om symbolisk interaktionism. Studien genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda från flera olika organisationer, där hälften av respondenterna var födda mellan 1995 och 2008, och hälften var födda mellan 1968 och 1979. Studiens resultat visar hur sammanhållning och kommunikation skiljer sig åt i en hybrid arbetsmiljö. Interaktioner får en ny innebörd och informell kommunikation blir en avgörande faktor för att bygga organisationskultur. Den sociala verkligheten förändras till följd av minskad fysisk interaktion mellan medarbetare
A Controlled Social Media SimulationEnvironment for Psychological Research
No full textSocial media platforms have become a central part of everyday life and a standard interaction format for communication and information consumption. Their familiar interaction patterns make them a valuable instrument for fundamental research in psychology, providing an ecologically valid setting in which core psychological processes can be studied under controlled conditions. However, existing tools that emulate social networks for psychological research are often limited by restricted customisability of content and interface, constrained access to fine-grained interaction data, and privacy concerns regarding data storage and ownership. To address these limitations, this project introduces tablet-social-simulator, a Reactbased application that emulates an authentic social media feed while providing experimental control, privacy-preserving data handling, and structured behavioural data collection. The application was developed through an iterative, client-centred design process in which key design decisions were validated and refined across multiple feedback cycles. To support both primary user groups, researchers and participants, the system is split into two interfaces: a tablet-based participant interface that presents a Facebook-inspired feed with text, image, and video posts, and a browser-based researcher interface for authoring and managing study content as well as inspecting and exporting study data. The evaluation indicated that the simulator was perceived as highly usable and a realistic approximation of an actual social media environment, supporting intuitive and natural participant behaviour. In addition, the researcher admin interface enabled non-technical users to configure highly controlled studies and to export structured behavioural data for analysis
Learning Costs of Constrained Optimization Problems for Structured Inference
No full textFor traditional learning algorithms, inferring structured outputs, such as decisions that must satisfy domain-specific constraints, is not straightforward. A common challenge arises when elements in the output vector are interdependent in ways that standard learning algorithms or neural network activation functions cannot easily enforce. On the other hand, the fields of Operations Research and Discrete Optimization offer a complementary approach with the use of specific solvers or algorithms with techniques to ensure constraint satisfaction, generally formulated as Constrained Optimization Problems (COPs). This thesis explores how COPs with predefined constraints can be integrated into learning frameworks by learning missing components of their cost functions through gradient-based optimization to ensure constraint satisfaction in learning tasks. Learning those missing components of the COP cost allows the inference process to use a suitable solver under the learned COP that ensures structured outputs, i.e., outputs satisfying those predefined constraints. The key challenge in this approach is the learning process itself, namely the difficulty of propagating gradients through the solver, which is often nondifferentiable or discrete. This tension motivates the central question of the thesis: How to learn the costs of the COP such that the observed decisions can be approximately recovered when applying the corresponding COP solver? To address this question, we develop new methods for estimating or approximating gradients through specific classes of solvers while also leveraging existing techniques from differentiable optimization. These methods underpin novel deep learning frameworks that achieve structured inference by treating solvers as implicit layers in the learning process. This thesis is grouped into three learning paradigms: i) decision-focused learning, ii) imitation learning, and iii) structured generative modeling. In each paradigm, a neural architecture infers the cost parameters of the underlying COP. Consequently, the proposed methods not only preserve the expressiveness needed to capture complex relationships but, more importantly, guarantee feasibility at inference time. Applications examined in this thesis are relevant to real-world decisionmaking and include improving the understanding of uncertainty estimation in conditional allocations through Portfolio Optimization Problems and contextaware inventory decisions via Inventory Optimization Problems; enhancing scalability in recovering transition costs in graphs from observed paths and cycles using Discrete Routing Optimization Problems, where large-scale experiments are conducted with real taxi and ship trajectory data; and improving the quality of control inputs in autonomous racing with simulation and hardware-implemented Model Predictive Controllers. Across all these applications, the proposed methods were successful and demonstrated consistent improvements over established baselines
10 år med regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter : - perspektiv på styrning, geografi och planering i ljuset av omskalning
No full textHur påverkades kollektivtrafiken i Sverige när de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna (RKM) bildades? Denna övergripande fråga är utgångspunkten för denna antologi, som diskuterar effekterna av den nyakollektivtrafiklagen som trädde i kraft 2012. Antologin tar avstamp iett flerårigt forskningsprojekt och visar hur reformen har påverkat ansvarsfördelning, styrning och samverkan mellan regioner, kommuneroch statliga aktörer. Antologin visar att den regionala nivån har fått en tydligare strategiskroll, särskilt i kopplingen mellan kollektivtrafik, regionförstoring, arbetsmarknad och klimatmål. Samtidigt är genomförandet fortsatt beroende av kommunernas planering och genomförande av sitt välfärdsuppdrag. Resultatet är ett flernivåsystem där ingen aktör ensam styrutvecklingen och där samverkan är en praktisk nödvändighet. Flera kapitel lyfter fram spänningen mellan tillväxtmål och social hållbarhet, mellan starka pendlingsstråk och landsbygdens behov, samtmellan strategiska ambitioner och ekonomiska realiteter. Antologindiskuterar också hur statistik och indikatorer formar synen på kollektivtrafikens resultat, och vilka utmaningar som finns i dagens uppföljningssystem. Sammantaget ger boken en samlad bild av de möjligheter och utmaningar som präglar regional kollektivtrafik i dag. Den riktar sig tillpraktiker och beslutsfattare som vill förstå hur organisering, samverkanoch lokala förutsättningar påverkar kollektivtrafikens utveckling i ett föränderligt styrningslandskap.Omskalningens effekter för hållbar omställning. 10 år med regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter som samhällsbyggare
ESG disclosure among municipal-owned enterprises: Is it different?
No full textThis paper examines whether the level of ESG disclosure in Andalusian municipal-owned enterprises (MOEs) varies by two attributes: industry and the local government that owns the company. To do this, the authors conduct a content analysis of multiple communication channels of 307 MOEs using a validated instrument. Consistent with our initial expectation, we find that ESG disclosure among Andalusian MOEs tends to be isomorphic across firms operating in the same sector and those owned by the same local government. Our follow-up analysis has allowed us to identify alternative explanations for the higher levels of voluntary versus mandatory disclosure among Andalusian MOEs. Companies that engage in greater voluntary ESG disclosure seem to be more driven by normative rather than coercive forces
El conde del Campo de Alange ante Calderón y el teatro del Siglo de Oro en El Artista
No full textEste artículo estudia la actitud de José de Negrete, conde del Campo de Alange,
ante Calderón y, en general, el teatro del Siglo de Oro, en El Artista. En la primera parte
del trabajo, se analizan algunas noticias desconocidas de la actividad de los promotores
de la revista, a través de las anotaciones de Federico de Madrazo en su «Agenda» de
1834, así como algunos acontecimientos significativos relacionados con el teatro antiguo
español y su repercusión en la prensa. La segunda parte del artículo se centra en las ideas
expresadas en El Artista por Campo Alange sobre Calderón y el teatro del Siglo de Oro,
en relación con el Romanticismo; asimismo se añaden algunas referencias y aspectos
inéditos, obtenidos de los manuscritos autógrafos conservados en el archivo de los condes
del Campo de Alange
Diabetes-linked metabolic dysfunction relates with distinct tau phosphorylation patterns, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, with tau pathology being closely linked to cognitive decline. Growing evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as prediabetes (PreDM), exacerbate AD by promoting different degrees of insulinopenia, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia which can drive chronic inflammation and oxidative stress across multiple organs. Precisely how these metabolic disturbances influence tau phosphorylation remains unclear. To address this, we studied mouse models of AD, T1D, PreDM, T2D and the combination of AD with all three metabolic alterations, at 26 weeks of age, when pathologies are well established. The fact that we are including models of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency allows us to further explore the specific role of insulin as observed in the clinic. We assessed metabolic status, tau phosphorylation and cytokine levels in the brain cortex and cognitive function using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object discrimination (NOD) tests. Our results revealed that AD mice with metabolic disorders exhibited tau hyperphosphorylation, particularly at Ser199, Ser202/Thr205 and Ser404, correlating with metabolic dysfunction, cognitive impairment and inflammatory markers. Notably, AD-T2D mice showed the most severe deficits in MWM and NOD performance, indicating a synergistic cognitive decline. Machine learning analysis by random forest effectively classified AD-metabolic phenotypes, identifying key molecular and metabolic markers of neurodegeneration, mainly blood glucose and plasma insulin. These findings highlight the critical role of metabolic dysfunction in exacerbating tau pathology and accelerating cognitive decline in AD. Targeting metabolic pathways may provide concomitant therapeutic opportunities for AD patients with diabetes. Future research should explore interventions that restore insulin signaling and glucose metabolism to mitigate AD progression, probably by repurposing antidiabetic drugs
Enhancing Sustainability Reporting in State-Owned Enterprises: An Action Research Approach
No full textThis article introduces a sustainability reporting tool tailored for State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). This multi-item instrument enables the reporting of social, economic and environmental aspects within SOEs’ sustainability reports. Developed through an action research approach, the most pertinent aspects of sustainability reporting have been identified through a participatory process involving interviews, a workshop, and web content analysis. Consequently, the selected indicators not only align with major reporting guidelines but also respond to stakeholders’ transparency demands. The empirical context is Andalusia, where all 399 registered SOEs were analysed, and stakeholder engagement activities were conducted. The tool comprises a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators organised into 13 dimensions, agreed upon by academic researchers, practitioners, and a broad range of stakeholders. Additionally, a complementary industry-specific module has been developed for water utilities. As a public service with significant social and environmental impact, water management requires enhanced accountability and stronger stakeholder engagement. The tool supports the monitoring of SOEs’ progress towards greater sustainability and may serve as a reference framework for report producers, policymakers and standard-setting bodies
“Too often, children are just decoration” : A case study about how cultural professionals in Region Västmanland understand and work with youth participation
No full textThis thesis explores how cultural professionals in Region Västmanland work with strategic communication to involve children and young people in cultural life. The aim is to understand how participation is talked about, supported and experienced in practice. Through interviews with professionals, the study shows that while there is strong interest in youth participation, it is often limited by adult-led structures, digital barriers and communication policies. The study also highlights examples where young people were co-creators, which led to more meaningful results. The findings are discussed in relation to cultural democracy and strategic communication, and the study suggests ways to support more inclusive and participatory cultural work
Guitarduo : A study in arrangement and authenticity
No full textI denna studie gjorde jag en undersökning i hur man arrangerar för klassisk gitarrduo på ett sätt som bevarar det originella verkets autenticitet. Studien utgår från en praktisk process där jag, med Béla Bartók’s Sex rumänska danser(Sz. 56) som grund, experimenterar med arrangemangslösningar och utvecklar min personliga förståelse av vad autenticitet har för innebörd i ett arrangemang. Mitt centrala fokus låg på var balansen finns mellan att vara trogen originalets notbild och att anpassa materialet till gitarrduons idiom. Slutprodukten är ett arrangerat verk som har framförts i konsertsammanhang. Resultatet tyder på att autenticitet inte finns där som en objektiv mållinje, utan snarare som en kompass – det är inte något man uppnår endast genom att följa originalets notbild, utan något som också formas dels genom subjektiva beslut hos individen, samt genom det valda instrumentet originalmaterialet arrangeras fö