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Behind the Leaders: An Assessment of Principal Supervisor Practices
Get PDFThis research study explored the effects of district size and region on the roles of principal supervisors. Key factors examined include district region, span of control, and allocation of time for support and development by principal supervisors. The researcher compared principals’ perceptions of support they receive from their principal supervisor across different school district sizes and district types (regions) in Georgia, framed within the sociocultural learning theory. Participants selected currently serve as principals in Georgia’s rural, urban, and suburban school districts. A total of seventy-five principals agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected through a survey instrument. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data. The one–way ANOVA test was used to analyze the research questions. Findings yielded no significant difference in principal supervisor support to district principals regarding district size and region. There were no significant differences in the roles and support provided by principal supervisors across varying district types (rural, urban, suburban) and sizes (small, medium, large). This suggests that the approaches to supervision may be more standardized than previously thought, which may contrast with existing literature that often highlights the unique challenges and needs of different district contexts. This study provides insight into the frequency of engagement in principal supervisory practices to support district principals. It is recommended that professional development programs be tailored to address the specific needs of principal supervisors
From Policy to Pedagogy: Applying Infodemic Governance to Instructional Design
No full textThis article presents a Delphi study that defines key ethical and regulatory principles underpinning Finland’s national strategy for managing infodemics. Drawing on three rounds of consultation with Finnish experts from health, policy, and library sectors, the study surfaces foundational elements of national infodemic management—including transparency, accountability, inclusion, and adaptability—as well as gaps in digital equity, curricular responsiveness, and cross-sector collaboration. These expert-defined priorities are analyzed alongside the World Health Organization’s Infodemic Management Agenda, which serves as a pedagogical scaffold for identifying instructional tensions in health information literacy education. Findings are further interpreted through four information diplomacy anchors: agenda-setting, persuasive framing, information dissemination, and relationship-building. The resulting framework offers a transferable model for teaching civic and strategic information engagement, especially in contexts where public trust and global communication intersect. By connecting national policy insights to classroom practice, the study contributes to emerging pedagogies for health information literacy and democratic resilience in contested information environments
Women Managing Heart Disease: Involvement of Spouse and Non-Spouse Care Partners
No full textPurpose: Heart health is integral to promoting women’s overall health and healthcare. Following a cardiac event, engagement in recommended health-related activities (e.g., maintaining a healthy diet) speeds recovery and improves health. We investigate women’s perception of care partners who are involved in helping manage their heart disease. Methods: Data were drawn from two pilot studies (N = 54); interviews with women from hospital-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation centers (study one), and online surveys completed by women with heart disease (study two). We compared women’s reports of involvement of their care partner (spouse vs non-spouse) in their health-related activities. Results: The proportion of women who identified their spouse as the person most involved in their disease management was equal to that of women who identified another network member (e.g., adult child or sibling). Contrary to expectation, care partner involvement in women’s health-related activities did not differ by care partner role relationship. Conclusions: Spouses and other close network members play a key role in women’s heart disease management. Leveraging involvement of care partners from women’s social network can galvanize support for disease management to improve health and quality of life for women with heart disease
Comparison Of Peening Effect Between Additive Manufacutred And Drawing Titanium Alloy
No full textAlthough additively manufactured (AM) metals are attractive materials, their remarkable weak fatigue properties are an obstacle to their practical application. Thus, post-processing to improve their fatigue properties is required. In the present study, powder bed fusion using laser sintering titanium alloy, i.e., PBF-LS/Ti6Al4V was treated by shot peening (SP), submerged laser peening (SLP), cavitation peening (CP), and fine particle bombarding (FPB), then the fatigue properties were investigated by a torsional fatigue test, comparing with drawing Ti6Al4V. It was revealed that the fatigue strength at 107 was 446 ± 5 MPa for PBF-LS/Ti6Al4V treated by FPB+CP, 359 ± 9 MPa for LS/Ti6Al4V treated by SLP and 457 ± 22 MPa for drawing Ti6Al4V treated by SLP, whereas it was 210 ± 10 MPa for as-built (AB) PBF-LS/Ti6Al4V and 346 ± 26 MPa for non-peened drawing Ti6Al4V. Namely, the fatigue strength of PBF-LS/Ti6Al4V treated by FPB+CP exceeded that of non-peened (NP) drawing Ti6Al4V
The Effects of Shot Peening Highly Loaded Compression Springs
No full textThe compression spring in this test study is typical of one used in a demanding off-road vehicle suspension. The cyclic loads applied during fatigue tests were severe enough to cause failure in approximately 11,000 cycles without shot peening.
The objectives of this study were the following: (1) Design a compression spring similar to those used in the off-road recreational industry. (2) Design & manufacture a fatigue test stand that could withstand high loads for months of testing. (3) Generate a matrix of shot peening treatments to produce different amounts of residual compressive stress. (4) Measure the shot peening residual compressive stress via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). (5) Correlate the residual stress to fatigue life performance. (6) Evaluate the effects of a post shot peening bake cycle on fatigue performance
From Strain To Stress: Stress Map Testing Of Almen Strips
No full textAlmen strips have long been used to evaluate shot peening intensity, with arc height serving as a proxy for compressive residual stress. Stress mapping tests (SMT) in this work involve the controlled flattening of an Almen test strip onto a spatial pressure sensor, acting as an inferential measurement for the net bending moment caused by the relaxation of the peened strip. This work explores how stress mapping tests add insight into the stress state of Almen strips, potentially offering a fast and practical alternative to residual stress depth profiling. SMT data analysis provides a framework for relating Almen gauge height with internal stresses. We aim to use SMT as a bridge between strain and stress measures, with implications for both scientific understanding and industrial applications
Effect Of Fine Particle Peening Induced Material Transfer On The Initial Deposition Behavior Of Nickel Electroplating On Aluminum Substrate
No full textPlating on aluminum requires a complex zincate pretreatment. Fine Particle Peening (FPP), using particles ≤200 µm, has gained attention as an alternative due to its ability to transfer particle components onto the surface, potentially improving deposition and adhesion. Previous studies showed enhanced plating on aluminum treated with steel particles. This study investigates the effectiveness of FPP as a pretreatment for nickel electroplating by examining initial deposition behavior. A1050-H24 aluminum was treated using FPP with either steel or glass particles, compared to an untreated specimen. Steel particle FPP created a lamellar microstructure with alternating iron and aluminum phases. EBSD revealed that FPP significantly refined the aluminum grain size, about one-hundredth that of the untreated sample. This microstructural refinement resulted from the FPP process. Nickel electroplating was conducted following FPP and nitric acid pickling. Nickel was preferentially deposited in areas with transferred iron in steel-peened specimens. In contrast, glass-peened specimens exposed aluminum-silicon phases, likely from embedded glass particles, and showed less nickel deposition. These results indicate that transferred components, such as iron, promote initial nickel deposition, suggesting FPP with suitable particles can serve as an effective plating pretreatment for aluminum
Research Brief – The ABCs of Learning the ABCs
No full textMastering the alphabet is a foundational step in learning to read; yet not all letters are equally easy for children to learn. This research brief explores the cognitive and perceptual factors that influence letter name and sound acquisition, including familiarity through personal relevance (e.g., letters in a child’s name), visual distinctiveness, memory accessibility, and confusability. It also examines how phonological characteristics of letter names affect sound learning, highlighting the fact that letters whose names begin with their sounds (e.g., B, D) are easier to learn than those with no phonetic connection (e.g., W, Q). Practical recommendations are offered for educators and parents, emphasizing targeted instruction on more challenging letters and the use of concrete, engaging activities to support alphabet learning. These insights contribute to more effective early literacy practices aligned with Science of Reading principles
Microstructure evolution of alite in-situ carbonated by aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles
No full textGiven that CO2 chamber and high inner pressure are needed in the traditional carbonation curing, we propose an in-situ internal carbonation by aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to tackle the challenge due to its high specific surface area. In this study, phase transformation and nucleation behavior were investigated by in-situ carbonation of alite paste with MSNs-amine absorbing CO2 (MSNs-amine-AC) and MSNs-amine desorbing CO2 (MSNs-amine-DC), separately. C-S-H with low Ca/Si ratio and negative electric potential is formed when MSNs-amine-DC is gradually eroded, wrapped and collapsed, converting to reaction sites chemically. On the contrary, ACC generated in MSNs-amine-AC blocks the mesopores, retard the pozzolanic reaction and maintain the silica skeleton. Thereafter, calcite is crystallized via the dissolved ACC and embedded on C-S-H with positive electric potential, turning to nucleation sites physically. To conclude, the in-situ internal carbonation models of amined MSNs modified alite paste are proposed to exhibit the microstructure evolution
Waste Eggshell Valorization as Limestone Alternative for Portland Cement
No full textThis study investigates and optimizes the heat treatment of eggshells to achieve performance comparable to that of limestone. Characterization of the eggshell powder revealed that it contained about 6% organic impurities by mass from the egg membrane. The effect of the organic content is not significant at 15% cement replacement. However, the influence of organic content imparted highly hydrophobic properties, which compromised paste flow, clinker hydration, and mortar strength at 35% cement replacement. Rheological measurement concluded that paste mixture with untreated eggshell powder displayed a higher static yield stress but lower dynamic yield stress. Moreover, mortars with untreated eggshell exhibited higher shrinkage values compared to mortars with limestone powder. Heat treatment effectively denatured the organic content within the eggshell powder, addressing these weaknesses. Beyond a heat treatment temperature of 300˚C, mortars with eggshell powder demonstrated strength comparable to that of mortars made with limestone. At 500˚C, all organic influences in the eggshell powder that hindered flowability were eliminated, resulting in a hydrophilic nature akin to that of limestone. Hence, waste eggshells can be effectively valorized to produce blended cement at 35% clinker replacement