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Pubertal Development Pathways to Adolescent Alcohol Use: Testing the Mediating Role of Other-Sex Friendships
No full textThis thesis tested and extended the peer socialization hypothesis, a psychosocial model that identifies the interpersonal and contextual conditions in which pubertal development is linked to delinquent behavior such as alcohol use. Although there is support for the hypothesis in early empirical work, particularly for female adolescents, more recent work has shown mixed results. Furthermore, there are gaps within the peer socialization hypothesis: a) the theory does not discuss if the mediation process pertains to male adolescents, b) it does not address the role of pubertal tempo, and c) it implies, but does not explicitly model, a role for tempo with regards to including other-sex friendships into the friend group. Using the Internet Surveys About You (iSAY) study (n=1020), the peer socialization hypothesis and proposed extensions were tested separately by sex. Female adolescents initiated inclusion of other-sex friends into the friend group earlier than male adolescents. However, there were no observed sex differences in the tempo of other-sex friendships. Female adolescents’ pubertal development was not related to their other-sex friendship development nor was pubertal development and other-sex friendship development related to their alcohol use. Male adolescents’ pubertal timing was associated with the timing of other-sex friendship uptake in that later maturing adolescents displayed earlier initiation of other-sex friendships. Male adolescents’ other-sex friendship development was not related to their alcohol use. Implications of this work are that other-sex friendships may no longer be a context of increased risk for alcohol use for early maturing adolescents and interventions targeting this social context may not be as effective
Effects of Informal STEM Education on Underrepresented Students
No full textInformal learning environments are critical to supplemental student learning outside the formal classroom space. The problem the research addressed is the lack of informal STEM learning programs for underrepresented minority, female, urban, and rural students. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate the effect informal STEM learning has on the population’s self-efficacy and interest in STEM. The intervention for this research study was a seven-day informal learning summer camp involving five STEM projects from around the field and aligned with relevant fields offered by the Purdue University Polytechnic Institute. The participants worked in large and small group sessions with program volunteers to gain foundational learning outcomes. The outcome was measured using the STEM-CIS survey instrument in a pre-and post-testing format. The data was coded from the Likert scale and then used to calculate statistics and effect size for Likert-style data. The intervention was performed during the summer of 2021 and yielded results showing that students felt the effect of having role models and professionals involved in the STEM field
Instruction as a Communicative Endeavor
No full textInstructional theories often view the work of instructors from a psychological perspective while playing little emphasis on the communicative aspects. However, there are vital communicational influences on and implications for instructional practice and the instructional process as a whole. As such, this work begins with the position that instruction is, in its entirety, a communicative process. A comparison is made between the three basic models of communication (transmission, interaction and transaction) and three main educational theories (behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism). This comparison shows that there are alignments between the transmission model of communication and behaviorism, the interactive model of communication and cognitivism, and the transactional model of communication and constructivism. These similarities are explored over three major instructional activities – lesson planning, lesson delivery and assessment. Subsequently, three real-life scenarios were presented to illustrate how the three basic models of communication are manifested in the classroom. Given the applicability of the models of communication to the instructional process, the practical utility of approaching instruction from a communicative perspective is discussed. Potential implications for educational practitioners and scholars are discussed afterwards
Elements of Local Public Health Infrastructure that Correlate with Best Practice Activities: A Preliminary Analysis
No full textPublic health infrastructure (PHI) serves as the core foundation for essential public health and its services. However, the U.S. PHI has been weakened by understaffing, underfunding, limited resources and partnerships, and outdated data and information systems over the past few decades. The recent COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated its vulnerability and weakened nature, resulting in increased health disparities and worse health outcomes in general for the nation. The goal of this study was to identify elements of local PHI that are associated with the completion of 20 key public health activities while adjusting for state differences. Cross-sectional secondary data were acquired and linked from two national surveys of local health departments, the National Profile of Local Health Departments survey and the National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems. In total, 20 multivariable logistic regression models were created to analyze the relationships between variables. State fixed effects were used in multivariable models to control for state differences. It was found that state differences affected the correlations of infrastructure variables. Several staffing elements, abilities to provide certain services, and participation in certain types of actions were strongly correlated with the completion of best practice activities. These findings will add to the discussion of what the minimum necessary elements of PHI may be
HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS (HPWS) FOR TOURISM EMPLOYEES’ QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)
No full textBuilding on recent developments on human resource management and burnout theories, we investigate how high-performance work systems (HPWS) enhance tourism employees’ quality of life (QoL). We surveyed a sample of 420 employees from the tourism industry. Through PLS-SEM, we found that HPWS are conducive for higher levels of job satisfaction, and also that they reduce employees’ burnout, partly because HPWS contribute to reducing job demands
Authentication of Tourist Attractions: Authenticity Orientation Attitude and National Culture
No full textThe study contributes to the discussion of authenticity in tourism by testing the impact of authenticity orientation of an individual, that is, realist, constructivist, or postmodernist, and the respondents’ respective culture on how they authenticate tourist attractions. The study found that authenticity orientation and national culture are the factors in the authentication process for the iconically authentic attractions. For the indexically authentic attractions the relationship was not found. Theoretical implications for future research are identified
Measuring the sustainable behaviour and satisfaction with services in cruise tourism: a Naples case study
Get PDFThe main aim of this paper is to analyse cruise tourists’ sustainable behaviour and their level of satisfaction in Naples as one of the main Mediterranean ports receiving this type of tourism. The usage of a semi-structured questionnaire, administered to 1180 cruise tourists, allows us to group cruise tourists into clusters and analyse all the elements of two alternate types of behaviour: environmental and social. We have developed an IPA analysis and use ordered logit models to assess which aspects are influencing the general satisfaction level. Our findings highlight that over 80% of visitors indicated that they are highly aware of the need to dispose of trash in a sustainable way, as well as differences between different cluster preferences. The findings, although drawn from only one destination, may be useful for practitioners and policy makers by allowing them to pinpoint and understand specific determinants of the socio-economic effects of cruise tourism on a destination, by taking into account the role of sustainable services
PERCEIVED SUBSTITUTABILITY OF VIRTUAL TOURISM: WILL CONSUMERS CONTINUE TO USE VIRTUAL TRAVEL PRODUCTS POST-PANDEMIC?
No full textThe tourism recovery in the post-pandemic era has attracted major attention from scholars, focusing on people’s potential travel intentions and behaviors to visit destinations physically. However, people’s behaviors of engaging in virtual tourism post-pandemic have received little attention, and its value as a substitute for direct traveling has been ignored. By treating the substitutability of virtual tourism as a subjective receptivity of consumers, this research aims to examine consumers’ perception of virtual tourism as a substitute for direct traveling and its relationship with their intention to travel physically or virtually post-pandemic. A positive relationship is hypothesized, and the moderation role of past adoption of virtual tourism is also examined. A sample of 331 responses was collected through MTurk and analyzed using linear regression models. The results showed that consumers’ higher perception of virtual tourism as a substitute would increase their intention to travel physically or virtually post-pandemic, with the intention to travel virtually much higher than the intention to travel physically. The moderation role of past adoption of virtual tourism is also validated, with people who adopted virtual tourism during the pandemic having reduced intention to travel physically and virtually post-pandemic. The results of this research lend both theoretical as well as practical implications to academia and the practitioners as to how to plan and market destination experience-based products
Impact of COVID-19 pandemıc on hotel employees’ task performance
No full textThis study investigated the impact of job insecurity, anxiety and depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on hotel employees’ task performance, as well as the role of resilience on these relationships. This is one of the very few empirical studies that have been conducted on different job insecurity consequences in the hospitality sector. The findings of this study indicated that while job insecurity negatively impacted psychological strains, i.e. anxiety and depression, it did not significantly influence task performance
Tourism model in low-density coastal areas
No full textTourism is undeniably a very important sector for the world economy. Low-density and coastal areas are poles of development, and attention must be paid to their sustainable growth. Some of these coastal areas are low density/rural. This study aims to analyze the evolution of the main existing models that portray low-density tourism in coastal areas. The methodology used was the literature review analysis on the themes of coastal tourism and low density territories, as well as the analysis of the main models developed for these two areas. The results indicate the need to update the previously proposed models, giving rise to the ‘Low-density tourism model in coastal areas’. It is thus necessary for low-density tourism in coastal areas, the creation of extra income; development of new opportunities; increased demand for endogenous products; creation of new local economies; low agglomeration; and health & wellness