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Product Information Report: Gentamicin
Get PDFGentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is a bactericidal inhibitor of protein synthesis. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Aminoglycosides are complex small molecules containing aminosugars linked to an aminocyclitol ring by glycosidic bonds.
This product information report provides expert scientific analysis of the physicochemical, biopharmaceutics, and toxicological properties, analytical, formulation, and manufacturing of gentamicin. It is expected that the PIR will provide critical information and guidance to manufacturers, as well as stakeholders concerned with access and supply of priority essential medicines
Measuring and Visualizing Freeway Traffic Conditions: Using Connected Vehicle Data
Get PDFHistorically, a network of roadside sensors and cameras have been used to monitor freeway conditions. Although these systems are effective, they are typically not operational in and around work zones. Furthermore, it is often not financially viable to deploy in-road sensors and cameras in rural areas. Connected vehicle trajectory data has emerged as a viable source of data and provides a unique opportunity for monitoring freeways. This monograph describes how these connected vehicles can be used to directly measure queue lengths and travel times and this description is summarized in a graphical format easily used by agencies to make management decisions. Approximately 50 use cases are described to demonstrate these techniques under diverse conditions, such as lane reductions, short term closures, rolling slowdowns, work zone set up, work zone removal and inclement weather. A number of the use cases were selected from Indiana locations that had good ITS camera coverage to provide context-sensitive information to help the reader understand the graphics. In addition, several case studies are presented from selected states around the country to demonstrate the scalability of these techniques
Popular STEM Related Career Choices for Middle School Students
Get PDFIn order to build and sustain student interest in STEM disciplines, it is important to first ascertain the existing trends in their career choices including factors influencing them. Middle school is a pivotal time for both boys and girls as they start forming identities and career choices and can begin to select both elective courses and extra-curricular activities, based on interests (Webb & Rosson, 2013), and yet, these early years are given low priority in integrated STEM education discussions. This study was guided by the following research question, “What are the popular career choices selected by middle school students in integrated STEM learning environments? Our goal was to find out middle school students’ choices of STEM careers and which were popular as measured by the S-STEM survey
Implementing Integrated STEM Forensic and Soil Sciences Lab Activities to Promote Interest in STEM Careers
Get PDFWe implemented forensic and soil science integrated STEM lab activities with 11 middle school youth at a 4-H day camp at Purdue University. STEM perceived knowledge increased overall for participants. However, the pre- and post-assessments did not show a statistically significant difference. More students also indicated STEM career interest after participating. Because this study was exploratory and had a small sample size, more research on these integrated STEM lab activities should be conducted with larger samples
Writing Centers and Neocolonialism: How Writing Centers Are Being Commodified and Exported as U.S. Neocolonial Tools
Get PDFIn this paper, we explore the complicity of writing centers in the Global North in global neocolonialism despite its resounding rejection within Western writing center scholarship, in which Romeo García contends that writing tutors can be “decolonial agents.” We show that higher education is used by governments in the Global North as a neocolonial tool and situate international U.S. writing center initiatives within this context. Writing centers have remained complicit in global neocolonialism involving the commodification and exportation of American English as well as Western-style institutions, curricula, and pedagogies. This is most explicit in recent writing center initiatives undertaken by the U.S. Department of State in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Central and Southeast Asia. Our analysis of the IWCA and the global community of writing center organizations reveals that few institutions in the field are well positioned to address this important issue. Indeed, the IWCA has remained silent on the complicity of writing centers in the Global North in neocolonialism despite the resounding rejection of neocolonialism within the writing center community
Clouds in the Ancient Lunar Atmosphere: Water Ice Nucleation on Aerosol Simulants
Get PDFToday’s moon is vastly different from what it was 3 billion years ago. At that time, it was home to a collisional atmosphere formed through massive amounts of volcanism, releasing enough subsurface gas to sustain surface pressures of up to 1 kPa. Observations of our solar system have taught us that all dense atmospheres are host to clouds and aerosols, and we expect the Moon’s to be no different. Knowing when, where, and under what conditions cloud particles form is important for understanding the evolution of the lunar atmosphere, how it reacted to temperature gradients, and how it cycled volatiles. To study this, I investigated the immersion freezing properties of three aerosols: JSC-1A lunar simulant, which is similar in composition and properties to lunar sample #14163 returned by the Apollo 14 Mission; Exolith LMS-1D Lunar Mare simulant, which simulates volcanic deposits on the Moon’s surface; and Arizona Test Dust (ATD), a standard for Earth atmospheric studies. A Peltier thermoelectric cooler and droplet freezing array were used to isolate Millipore water droplets with aerosols cooled to temperatures as low as -18⁰ C. Aerosol type, aerosol concentration, and droplet size was varied across these experiments. Both lunar simulants were found to nucleate ice less frequently than ATD, with JSC-1A nucleating more droplets than LMS-1D, which exhibited freezing properties similar to pure water. The results indicate that water ice nucleation is possible but highly variable on lunar regolith aerosols, and cloud formation on volcanic dust may have been possible in the ancient lunar atmospher
Sales of Cage-Free Eggs: The Impact of Proposition 12 on Egg Prices and Consumer Welfare in California
Get PDFCalifornia’s Proposition 12, which outlaws the use of cages in the egg production process, went into effect on January 1, 2022. The main focus of this study is to follow the trend of weekly Californian and national egg price changes before and after the implementation of Proposition 12. Using the price series reported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), structural break tests and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions are carried out to directly measure the economic impacts of this new regulation on egg prices. With different models used, this study shows that California consumers now pay an additional 0.73 for a dozen eggs due to the new regulation, resulting in a state-level annual loss in consumer surplus of 664 million
