Repositorio de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría
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El legado neurofisiológico del cartesianismo: auge y caída del hombre-máquina
No full textRené Descartes encarna el espíritu contradictorio de la modernidad, no solo por encontrarse atrapado entre la filosofía idealista y la ciencia materialista, o entre el cuerpo y el alma, sino también porque tal vez consideró que no existía contradicción de fondo en ello. Su obra trató de aunar lo que estimó valioso de entre lo antiguo y lo nuevo, dando lugar a un planteamiento psicoantropológico y neuroanatómico extravagante en el que todas las opciones y posturas son posibles porque, de un modo u otro, todas quedan salvaguardadas: desde el mecanicismo más estricto al psicologicismo más animista. Podría afirmarse, de hecho, que buena parte del trabajo de sus sucesores, no solo en materia neurocientífica, aunque sea este ámbito el objeto específico de este artículo, consistió en un análisis y evaluación sistemáticas de las propuestas cartesianas en busca de un marco teórico productivo para la ciencia y la filosofía contemporáneas. En el caso de la neuropsicología, solo comenzó a lograrse mediado el siglo XIX
Trastornos del límite, un reto para los equipos técnicos penitenciarios: el derecho a la salud integral de las personas privadas de libertad
No full textLa finalidad de la violencia es doblegar la voluntad de quien la padece, y si esen una cárcel, se representa con intencionalidad de modificar estructuras psíquicas de lapersona penada. Desde la inclusión del papel del entorno psicosocial en la definición desalud, se reconsidera a los equipos técnicos penitenciarios, apostando por una acción quevaya más allá de la lógica securitaria. El tratamiento penitenciario es una oportunidad decambio, más si se basa en derechos -y en el derecho a la salud- para tratar el sufrimiento.En el caso de los trastornos del límite, por más que la persona presa sea sujeto dederecho, se precisa un tratamiento penitenciario sin métodos de control ni dispositivosproductores de exclusión, segregación o aislamiento. Se propugna una mirada ética enla que se tenga en cuenta la subjetividad de personas vulnerables y vulneradas, y que setraduzca en prácticas concretas sobre el uso de las medicaciones, el consumo de drogas,el aislamiento, las medidas disciplinarias y el trabajo en red, entre otras posibles. Ahí eltrabajo en red, en lo institucional y lo comunitario, es una vía primordial
Recordando a Zilboorg como hombre y analista
No full textE n esta extensa biografía, dividida en dos volúmenes, Caroline Zilboorg, hija del analista Gregory Zilboorg (1890-1959), realiza una ingente labor reconstructivo-analítica de la trayectoria vital-profesional de su progenitor. Divide para ello su ensayo en 2 volúmenes, el primero de los cuales abarca desde su nacimiento en 1890 hasta 1940, concentrándose el segundo desde 1940 a 1959, año en que fallece. A diferencia de otras reseñas, procederemos en esta globalmente, esto es, sin ir capítulo por capítulo en cada volumen, destacando solo lo que nos parece más relevante, señalando si acaso algún capítulo que aluda a algún asunto reseñable. La razón es fácilmente comprensible dada la vasta extensión de ambos textos. Daremos así una visión de conjunto de una figura compleja, con luces y sombras, estas últimas vinculadas a la transgresión terapéutica que realizó y después explicaremos
Investigation of the toxic effects of acrylamide on myelination during pregnancy and postpartum period in rats and the protective role of vitamin E
No full textAmaç: Akrilamid (AKR) suda çözünen, renksiz ve kokusuz kristal bir maddedir. AKR, önemli bir endüstriyel materyal olmasının yanı sıra kızartılmış ve fırınlanmış karbonhidrat açısından zengin gıdalarda bulunmaktadır. AKR, nöropatiye neden olan klasik bir aksonal toksik madde olarak bilinmektedir. E-vitamini ise, beyni oksidatif hasardan koruyan, yağda çözünen en önemli antioksidan vitamin olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, AKR'nin beyindeki miyelin gelişimine etkisinin moleküler düzeyde ortaya çıkarılması ve bu toksik etkiye E vitamininin nasıl etki ettiğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya 40 gebe rat 4 gruba ayrılarak başlandı ve laktasyon sonrası her gruptan alınan 10 yavru rat ile araştırmaya devam edildi. 40 yavru sıçan, Kontrol, E vitamini, AKR, AKR + E vitamini gruplarına ayrıldı. AKR uygulamasını takiben, bilişsel fonksiyonu değerlendirmek için Water Maze testi uygulandı. Demiyelinizasyon ve remiyelinizasyon seviyesini değerlendirmek için MBP, MAG, MOG ve BDNF, pro-BDNF proteinlerinin Western blot analizleri yapıldı. MBP, MAG, MOG ve BDNF'nin mRNA seviyeleri RT-PCR yoluyla belirlendi. Ayrıca MBP, MOG ve BDNF'nin immünohistokimyasal ve elektron mikroskobik analizleri yapılarak miyelin ve glia hücrelerinin dejenerasyonu incelendi. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçları, AKR uygulaması miyelinle ilişkili olan MBP, MAG, MOG, BDNF ve pro-BDNF protein ve gen ekspresyonlarını azaltmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular histopatolojik, immünohistokimyasal ve mikroskobik incelemelerle doğrulanmıştır. E vitamini uygulaması ise, AKR'nin bu olumsuz etkisini iyileştirmiştir. Sonuç: AKR'nin, gestasyon, laktasyon ve laktasyon sonrası dönemde demiyelinizasyona sebep olarak miyelinle ilişkili nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patogenezinde rol oynayabileceği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, E vitaminin ise AKR kaynaklı bu toksisiteye karşı güçlü nöroprotektif bir vitamin olarak miyelinizasyonu desteklediği anlaşılmıştır.Aim: Acrylamide (ACR) is a water-soluble, colorless, and odorless crystalline substance. In addition to being an important industrial material, AKR is found in fried and baked carbohydrate-rich foods. ACR is known as a classic axonal toxicant that causes neuropathy. Vitamin E is considered the most important fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin that protects the brain from oxidative damage. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of ACR on the development of myelin in the brain at the molecular level and to examine how vitamin E affects this toxic effect. Material and Method: The study was started by dividing 40 pregnant rats into 4 groups and after lactation, the study was continued with 10 offspring rat from each group. 40 offspring rats were equally divided into Control, Vitamin E, ACR, ACR + Vitamin E groups. Following the ACR administration, Water Maze test was applied to evaluate cognitive function. To evaluate the level of demyelination and remyelination, Western blot analyzes of MBP, MAG, MOG and BDNF, pro-BDNF proteins were performed. The mRNA levels of MBP, MAG, MOG and BDNF were determined by RT-PCR. In addition, the degeneration of myelin and glial cells was examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic analysis. Results: Analysis results showed that ACR administration decreased protein and gene expressions of myelin-related proteins MBP, MAG, MOG, BDNF, and pro-BDNF. The findings were confirmed by histopathological, immunohistochemical, and microscopic examinations. The application of vitamin E improved this negative effect of ACR. Conclusion: It has been observed that ACR may play a role in the pathogenesis of myelin-related neurodegenerative diseases by causing demyelination during gestation, lactation, and post-lactation. In addition, it has been understood that vitamin E supports myelination as a strong neuroprotective vitamin against this toxicity caused by ACR
High Sensitive Voltammetric Gentamicin Sensor using Poly (3-thiophenecarboxylic acid-co-3-methylthiophene) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
No full textFor the determination of gentamicin in biomedical applications, sensitive, fast and low cost voltammetric sensor has been developed. Prepared sensor was succecfully used for determination of gentamicine in synthetic urine samples with different voltammetric measurement methods. Firstly, glassy carbon electrode was modified using cyclic voltammetry technique by electropolymerization of 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid and 3-methylthiophene. Then, optimization of the electrochemical parameters was carried out for modifed electrode. With this modified electrode, gentamicin determination was performed in the linear range of 0.05-4.00 mM. The correlation coefficient, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated as 0.9999, 0.039 mM and 0.129 mM, respectively.Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [FYL-2018-1504]This study was supported financially by Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with the project numbered FYL-2018-1504
Synthesis and analysis of TiO2 nanotubes by electrochemical anodization and machine learning method for hydrogen sensors
No full textThe conductometric hydrogen gas sensors were used to explore TiO2 nanotubes in this study. TiO2 nanotubes are synthesized by anodization of the titanium foils using a neutral 0.5% and 1% (wt) NH4F in glycerol solution depending on anodization time and anodization voltage at the temperature of 20 degrees C. The amorphous, rutile and anatase phases of TiO2 are observed for as-prepared TiO2 nanotubes, annealed at 700 and 300 degrees C, respectively. The diameters of the nanotubes grow as the anodization time and voltage increase, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The inner diameter of nanotubes is changed between similar to 70 nm to similar to 225 nm. Hydrogen sensing properties of Ti/TiO2 nanotubes/Pd device has been tested at room temperature under concertation range from 0.5% to 10% depending on the crystalline phase. The highest sensor response is observed for anatase crystalline TiO2 nanotubes. Typical Schottky-type behavior is observed from the I-V measurement. All the fabricated nanotube diameters are also simulated by using Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network models. And also, some of the nanotube diameters which are not obtained experimentally (anodization voltage of 70 V) are estimated using the Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network models. In addition, an analytical model is also proposed using Jacobi numeric analysis method alternative to the simulation model for the nanotube diameter. Finally, the analytical, simulation, and experimental results are compared, and the best result is obtained using the 1 Hidden Layer Artificial Neural Network model.Inonu University Scientific Research Unit of Turkey [FBA-2020-2315]This study was funded by Inonu University Scientific Research Unit of Turkey (BAP, Project Number: FBA-2020-2315)
Gaussian map of channel surfaces
No full textYüksek lisans tezi olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada, ilk önce Öklid uzayındaki kanal yüzeyleri hakkında bilgiler verilecek ve Δ�����=f(�����+C) koşulunu sağlayan bir M kanal yüzeyinin geometrisi incelenecektir. Burada �����, M yüzeyinin Gauss dönüşümü, f, M üzerinde diferansiyellenebilir bir fonksiyon ve C bir sabit vektördür. Daha sonra Öklid uzayında yapılan işlemlere benzer olarak Minkowski uzayında kanal yüzeylerinin Gauss dönüşümü hesaplanarak, yüzeyin Causal karakterlerine göre kanal yüzeylerinin sınıflandırmaları yapılacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kanal yüzeyi, Gauss dönüşümü, Gauss eğriliği, Ortalama eğriliğiIn this study, which is prepared as a master thesis, firstly, information about the channel surfaces in Euclidean space will be given and the geometry of an M channel surface satisfying the Δ����=f(����+C) condition will be examined. Here ���� is the Gaussian map of the surface M, f is a differentiable function on M, and C is a constant vector. After then, similar to the operations performed in Euclidean space, the Gaussian map of the channel surfaces in Minkowski space will be calculated and classifications will be made according to the causal characters of the surface. Keywords: Channel surfaces, Gaussian map, Gaussian curvature, Mean curvatur
Mathematical modeling in viral infections
No full textDört bölümden oluşan bu tezin birinci bölümünde matematiğin diğer disiplinlerdeki kullanımından genel olarak bahsedildikten sonra salgın hastalıkların matematiksel modellenmesi konusunda literatür bilgisine yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde tezde geçen matematiksel bazı kavramlar ve teoremler tanıtılmıştır. Tezin üçüncü bölümünde ise bir salgın hastalığı belirtisiz olarak (asemptomatik) geçiren bireylerin yani taşıyıcıların da yer aldığı bir salgın modeli matematiksel olarak ele alınmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde ise tezde sunulan temel sonuçlar verilmiş ve modelin klasik modellerden ayrıştığı yönleri vurgulanmıştırIn the first chapter of this thesis, which consists of four chapters after the general use of mathematics in other disciplines is mentioned, literature about the mathematical modeling of epidemic diseases is given. In the second chapter, some mathematical concepts and theorems mentioned in the thesis are given. In the third chapter of the thesis, an epidemic model in which individuals with an epidemic disease without symptoms (asymptomatic), namely carriers, are included is mathematically discussed and analyzed. In the conclusion chapter, the main results presented in the thesis are given and the aspects of the model that differ from the classical models are emphasized
Investigation of vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin levels in some rat tissue due to cold stress and diet
No full textÇağımızın hastalığı olan obezite, vücutta fazla miktarda yağ dokusu olması ile ortaya çıkan bir durumdur. Obezite sadece basitçe kilo artışı ile ilgili endişeli bir durum değildir. Kalp hastalığı, diyabet, yüksek tansiyon ve bazı kanserler gibi diğer hastalık ve sağlık sorunları riskini artıran tıbbi bir sorundur. Bu tezde soğuk stresi, yüksek yağlı diyet ve propolisin vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (VEGF) ve endostatin düzeylerine etkisi araştırıldı. Yapılan çalışmada İnönü Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Üretim ve Araştırma Merkezi'nde üretilen 3 aylık 36 adet Wistar dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Çalışmada her grupta altı sıçan olmak üzere altı gruba ayrıldı. Propolis uygulaması, suda çözünmüş propolis iki hafta boyunca her gün 2 mL gavaj yoluyla sıçanlara verildi. Sıçan ağırlıklarında %20 artış olduğunda ötenazi yapılarak kalp, karaciğer, akciğer, kahverengi ve beyaz yağ dokuları alındı. Dokular homojenize edildikten sonra enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) yöntemiyle endostatin ve vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (VEGF) seviyeleri ölçüldü. Çalışmada kahverengi yağ dokusunda VEGF düzeyi artarken endostatin düzeyleri azalmıştır. Kalp ve beyaz yağ dokusunda endostatin düzeylerinde artarken akciğer ve karaciğer dokusunda azalma saptanmıştır. VEGF düzeyleri ise kalp dokusu hariç diğer dokularda artış gösterdiği bulunmuştur.Obesity, which is a disease of our age, is a condition that occurs when there is an excess of adipose tissue in the body. Obesity is not simply a concern about weight gain. Heart disease is a medical condition that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. In this thesis, the effects of cold stress, high-fat diet and propolis on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin levels were investigated. In the study, 36 3-month old Wistar female rats produced in İnönü University Experimental Animal Production and Research Center were used. In the study, six rats in each group were divided into six groups. Propolis administration, 2 mL of propolis dissolved in water was given to rats by gavage every day for two weeks. When the rat weights increased by 20%, euthanasia was performed and heart, liver, lung, brown and white adipose tissues were removed. After the tissues were homogenized, endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the study, while VEGF level increased in brown adipose tissue, endostatin levels decreased. Endostatin levels were increased in heart and white adipose tissue, while decreased in lung and liver tissue. VEGF levels were found to increase in other tissues except heart tissue
Non-Infectious Complications in Patients with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation- Single Center Experience from Eastern Anatolia
No full textIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate late non-infectious complications in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Materials and Methods: The records of 143 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between 01.02.2011 and 31.12.2018 in Inonu University Turgut Özal Medical Center Department of Hematology were retrospectively reviewed. Results: In our study, late non-infectious complications were seen in 68 % of the patients. Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) was observed in 43 patients (33%) %. The most common GVHD involvement sites were skin and liver. It was determined that the number of CD 34 (+) cells had a significant effect on the development of chronic GVHD (p=0,01) and late stage complications (p=0,016). Chronic GVHD and late complication rates were found to be lower in the group given high CD 34 (+) cell count. When the patients were grouped according to the preparation regimens, statistically significantly more complications were observed at the rate of 78.8% in the patients in the myeloablative regimen group (p=0.005). It was observed that the rate of recurrence of the primary disease, renal complications and neurological complications was higher in the 90-120th days after transplantation. Ocular and GVHD complications were more likely to develop later. It was observed that endocrine complications were encountered equally in both early and late periods. Discussion: It was seen that, late complications were common in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT and these complications were mostly related to GVHD and GVHD treatment