Repositorio de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría
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Immobilization of ?-Amylase onto Quantum Dots Prepared from Hypericum perforatum L. Flowers and Hypericum capitatum Seeds: Its Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization
No full textEnzyme immobilization is an effective way to increase the catalytic activity and stability of the alpha-amylase (Amy) enzyme for industrial uses. For this purpose, carbon and graphene quantum dot (QDs) structures were prepared from Hypericum perforatum L. flowers (QD-1), and Hypericum capitatum seeds (QD-2) obtained from an herbalist in Hatay province of Turkey. Structural and morphological characterization of the prepared QDs and QDs/Amy were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Meanwhile, biochemical characterizations such as optimum pH and temperature, kinetic parameters, effects of metal ions, organic solvents, and trypsin digestion on enzyme activity were performed and compared with free Amy. The Amy enzyme was immobilized with an activity efficiency of 71.15% for QD-1/Amy, and 81.51% for QD-2/Amy under optimal conditions. The difference in activity efficiency between QD-1/Amy and QD-2/Amy was likely due to a change in the surface porosity of QDs structures. While the optimal pH value of all three forms of Amy was recorded as 6.0, their optimal temperature was found to be 40 degrees C. The activation energy (E-a) of the free Amy was found to be 4.81 kJ/mol, while it was 9.61 kJ/mol, and 3.20 kJ/mol for QD-1/Amy, and QD-2/Amy, respectively. K-m values were calculated as 1.18, 1.57, and 1.35 mg/mL for free Amy, QD-1/Amy, and QD-2/Amy, respectively, and V-max values were calculated as 37.52, 37.60, and 39.93 mu mol/min, respectively. Kinetic data revealed that the immobilized enzymes had lower substrate affinity compared to the free Amy. Besides, the QD-1/Amy and QD-2/Amy exhibited more stability than free Amy against metal ions, organic solvents as well as trypsin digestion due to the increment in conformational rigidity caused by changes in the secondary structures of the immobilized enzyme. For instance, after incubation with trypsin for 120 min, free Amy, QD-1/Amy, and QD-2/Amy retained approximately 20%, 35%, and 26% of initial activities, respectively. Finally, it can be proposed that the prepared carriers in this work may a useful to produce stable and active immobilized Amy to be used in industrial applications.Scientific Research Projects Unit of Inonu UniversityThe authors thank the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Inonu University
Liver transplantation in pediatric monogenic metabolic diseases
No full textMonogenic diseases are the results of a single gene mutation leading to alterations or defects in a single enzyme causing severe metabolic derangements causing multi -systemic systemic disease and even death Current management strategies include diet to reduce the accumulation of metabolic waste products and treatment to increase the excretion of the toxic metabolites and to induce the activity of the mutant enzyme. However, liver transplantation the only therapeutic strategy that offers a chance of cure to children with certain genetic diseases
Artificial neural network analysis of the day of the week anomaly in cryptocurrencies
No full textAnomalies, which are incompatible with the efficient market hypothesis and mean a deviation from normality, have attracted the attention of both financial investors and researchers. A salient research topic is the existence of anomalies in cryptocurrencies, which have a different financial structure from that of traditional financial markets. This study expands the literature by focusing on artificial neural networks to compare different currencies of the cryptocurrency market, which is hard to predict. It aims to investigate the existence of the day-of-the-week anomaly in cryptocurrencies with feedforward artificial neural networks as an alternative to traditional methods. An artificial neural network is an effective approach that can model the nonlinear and complex behavior of cryptocurrencies. On October 6, 2021, Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Cardano (ADA), which are the top three cryptocurrencies in terms of market value, were selected for this study. The data for the analysis, consisting of the daily closing prices for BTC, ETH, and ADA, were obtained from the Coinmarket.com website from January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2022. The effectiveness of the established models was tested with mean squared error, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and Theil's U1, and R-OOS(2) was used for out- of-sample. The Diebold-Mariano test was used to statistically reveal the difference between the out-of-sample prediction accuracies of the models. When the models created with feedforward artificial neural networks are examined, the existence of the day-of-the-week anomaly is established for BTC, but no day- of-the-week anomaly for ETH and ADA was found
Developmental characteristics of Williams-Beuren syndrome and evaluation of adaptive behavioral skills
No full textBackground/aim: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic disorder with delays in language and cognitive development, but, with increased awareness of clinical features and a reliable diagnostic test, WBS is becoming more widely recognized in childhood. Adaptive behavior skills and/or maladaptive behavior are important for the prognosis of individuals with WBS. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and developmental characteristics of patients with WBS and further increase awareness about it by evaluating the adaptive skills and maladaptive behaviors of the patients.Materials and methods: The data of WBS patients followed-up at the Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Unit were reviewed. Patient data on perinatal and postnatal history, developmental stages, physical and neurological examination findings were collected. The International Guide for Monitoring Child Development (GMCD) was administered to each child. In addition, semistructured interviews were conducted with the parents using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second edition (Vineland-II).Results: A total of 12 patients diagnosed with WBS via detection of the 7q11.23 deletion, of whom 6 were girls, were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at the time of review was 54.6 +/- 32.5 months. The mean age at first presentation to the Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic was 15 +/- 11.5 months. In the first developmental evaluation using the GMCD, there was a delay in fine and gross motor domains in 6 patients, in the language domains in 4 patients, and in all of the domains in 2 patients. Findings with Vineland-II showed socialization and communication domains as strengths, but the daily living skills and motor skills domains were weaknesses. In terms of maladaptive behavior, the patients tended to frequently have behavioral problems, neurodevelopmental disease, anxiety disorders, eating problems, and sleeping problems.Conclusion: This retrospective review of 12 patients indicated a general delay in overall development, and confirmed impairment in both adaptive and maladaptive functioning in WBS
The effect of self-compassion on stigma level in individuals with substance use disorder
No full textAmaç: Araştırma, madde kullanım bozukluğu olan bireylerde öz şefkatin damgalanma düzeyine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel olarak planlanmış kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran madde kullanım bozukluğu tanısı almış 97 hasta ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler, ''Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu'', ''Öz Şefkat Ölçeği Kısa Formu'' (ÖŞÖ-KF) ve ''Madde Kullanımı Damgalanma Mekanizması Ölçeği'' (MK-DMÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 25.0 paket programı ile Kolmogrov-Smirnov, ortalama/standart sapma, ortanca ve min-max, Pearson korelasyon testi ve Basit Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularına göre hastaların MK-DMÖ toplam puan ortalamasının 46.55±12.10 olduğu ve alt boyutları incelendiğinde hastaların en çok onaylanan damgalama (17.10±6.20) yaşadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. ÖŞÖ-KF toplam puan ortalaması 36.59±10.59 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam ölçek puanları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı negatif yönde orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (r.- 507, p<0.001). Özşefkat düzeyinin damgalanma düzeyini ne şekilde yordadığını ortaya koymak için yapılan basit doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucunda özşefkat düzeyi ile damgalanma düzeyi arasında anlamlı negatif bir ilişki gözlenmiş (R=0.411, R2=0.169) özşefkatin damgalanmanın anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür(F=19.052, p<0.01). Özşefkat damgalanma ölçeğindeki değişimin %16'sını açıklamaktadır. Sonuç: Bu araştırma sonucunda hastaların öz şefkati artıkça damgalanmanın azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Madde kullanım bozukluğu tedavisi bireyin damgalamayla baş etmesini sağlamak adına öz şefkatini artıracak müdahalelerin yapılması önerilir.Aim: The descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study aims to determine the effect of self-compassion on the level of stigmatization in individuals with substance use disorder. Material and Method: The study was completed with 97 patients diagnosed with substance use disorder who were admitted to Turgut Özal Medical Center psychiatric outpatient clinics. The data were collected using the "Introductory Information Form", the "Self-Compassion Scale Short-Form (SCS-SF)", and the "Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (SU-SMS)". Kolmogrov-Smirnov, mean/standard deviation, median and min-max, Pearson correlation test, and Simple Linear Regression Analysis were used for statistical evaluation of the data using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 25.0 package program. Results: According to the findings of the study, the mean total score of the patients on the SU-SMS was 46.55±12.10 and considering the sub-scales, it was found that the patients experienced the approved stigma most (17.10±6.20). The mean total score on the SCS-SF was 36.59±10.59. There was a statistically significant negative moderate relationship between the total scale scores (r.-507, p<0.001). As a result of the simple linear regression analysis performed to reveal how the level of self- compassion predicts the level of stigma, a significant negative relationship was observed between the level of self- compassion and the level of stigma (R=0.411, R2=0.169). It was found that self- compassion was a significant predictor of stigma (F=19.052, p< 0.01). Self- compassion explains 16% of the change in the stigma scale. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that stigmatization decreased as patients' self-compassion increased. It is recommended to perform interventions to increase self-compassion to cope with stigmatization in the individual treatment of substance use disorder
Investigation of parental views about phonological awareness of 60-72 MONTH-old children
No full textAmaç: Bu araştırma, 60-72 aylık çocukların fonolojik farkındalıklarına ilişkin ebeveyn görüşlerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya Diyarbakır ili merkez ilçelerinde ikamet eden ve 60-72 ay çocukları olan 30 ebeveyn dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan bu nitel çalışmada, ebeveynlerin kişisel bilgilerine yönelik aile demografik form ve uzman görüşü alınarak araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulmuş yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde, betimsel analiz yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin çocuklarının alıcı ve ifade edici dil becerileri ile ilgili çalışmalarda bulundukları, ifade edici dil gelişimi ile ilgili beceriler ve görevlerin ebeveynler tarafından daha kolay hatırlanabildiği, ifade edici dil becerilerine verilen önem sebebi ile çocuklarının gelişim süreçlerini bu beceri basamaklarından yola çıkarak anımsadıkları, çocukları ile günlük iletişimde sohbet ettikleri, oyun oynadıkları, bu oyunların çocuğa öğretici olma durumundan çok, çocuklarının istediği oyun türlerinde oldukları bulguları ile birlikte; fonolojik farkındalık becerilerinin taşıdığı anlamı ve bu becerilerin çocuklarının gelişim basamakları arasındaki yerini yeterince bilmedikleri, bu becerilerin çalışılması gerektiğine ilişkin düşüncelerinin bulunmadıkları, çocukları ile etkileşimlerinde de fonolojik farkındalığın desteklenmesine yönelik ekstra çaba sarfetmedikleri, bu konuda herhangi bir çalışma gerçekleştirmedikleri ve fonolojik farkındalık becerileri ile ilgili kaygı taşımadıkları bulguları elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin, fonolojik farkındalık becerilerinin çocuklarının gelişimsel süreçlerindeki rolünü tam olarak algılayamadıkları, bu beceriler ile ilgili bilgi eksikliklerinin bulunduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmış ve bulgulara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken Okuryazarlık, Fonolojik Farkındalık, Okul Öncesi Dönem.Aim: This research was conducted in order to examine the parental views on the phonological awareness of children aged 60-72 months. Material and Method: The study included 30 parents residing in the central districts of Diyarbakır province with children aged 60-72 months. In this qualitative study, the family demographic form for the personal information of the parents and the semi-structured interview form created by the researcher by taking the expert opinion were used. In the analysis of the data obtained from the research, descriptive analysis method was used. Results: It has been understood that parents are engaged in studies related to their children's receptive and expressive language skills, they can more easily remember skills and tasks related to expressive language development, they remember their children's development processes based on these skill steps because they care about these skills, they chat with their children, their children play the games they want, they are not instructive; findings have been obtained that they do not Decently know the phonological awareness skills and the place of these skills between the developmental stages of their children, they do not think that these skills should be studied, they do not make efforts to support phonological awareness, they do not conduct a study and they do not have anxiety. Conclusion: It has been concluded that parents cannot fully perceive the role of phonological awareness skills in their children's developmental processes, that there are information deficiencies related to these skills, and suggestions have been made for the findings. Key Words: Early Literacy, Phonological Awareness, Early Childhood Period
Los manicomios en la historia social y política iberoamericana: Andrés Ríos Molina, Mariano Ruperthuz Honorato. De manicomios a instituciones psiquiátricas. Experiencias en Iberoamérica, siglos XIX y XX
No full textAndrés RÍOS MOLINA, Mariano RUPERTHUZ HONORATO (coords.) (2022). De manicomios a instituciones psiquiátricas. Experiencias en Iberoamérica, siglos XIX y XX. Madrid: Sílex Ediciones, ISBN: 978-84-19077-19-6; México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, ISBN: 978-607-30-6081-3. 642 páginas.
La historia de los establecimientos psiquiátricos ha ocupado, como no podía ser de otra manera, un lugar privilegiado en la historiografía de la medicina mental. Sean entendidos como espacios clínicos, terapéuticos o de observación psicopatológica, como espacios de exclusión o como laboratorios sociales, lo cierto es que contamos con una amplia tradición historiográfica en la que han ido cristalizando elementos interpretativos muy potentes: la psiquiatría como disciplina de poder (Foucault), el manicomio como institución total (Goffman), el encierro manicomial como causa de cronicidad (Lantéri-Laura), la psiquiatría en el marco de estrategias de regulación social (Castel, Dörner). Los trabajos realizados en los años sesenta, setenta, y en parte de los ochenta, estudiaron modelos nacionales y procesos a gran escala con pretensiones de globalidad. Sin embargo, con frecuencia, el escaso trabajo heurístico o la aplicación de modelos descontextualizados, aplicados de manera un tanto mecánica, dieron lugar a resultados desiguales, a veces erróneos, confusos o discutibles
