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Data Management Planning for an Eight-Institution, Multi-Year Research Project
No full textWhile data management planning for grant applications has become commonplace alongside articles providing guidance for such plans, examples of data plans as they have been created, implemented, and used for specific projects are only beginning to appear in the scholarly record. This article describes data management planning for an eight-institution, multi-year research project. The project leveraged four data management plans (DMP) in total, one for the funding application and one for each of the three distinct project phases. By understanding researcher roles, development and content of each DMP, team internal and external challenges, and the overall benefits of creating and using the plans, these DMPs provide a demonstration of the utility of this project management tool
Evolution of a chordate-specific mechanism for myoblast fusion
No full textVertebrate myoblast fusion allows for multinucleated muscle fibers to compound the size and strength of mononucleated cells, but the evolution of this important process is unknown. We investigated the evolutionary origins and function of membrane-coalescing agents Myomaker and Myomixer in various groups of chordates. Here, we report that
Myomaker
likely arose through gene duplication in the last common ancestor of tunicates and vertebrates, while
Myomixer
appears to have evolved de novo in early vertebrates. Functional tests revealed a complex evolutionary history of myoblast fusion. A prevertebrate phase of muscle multinucleation driven by Myomaker was followed by the later emergence of Myomixer that enables the highly efficient fusion system of vertebrates. Evolutionary comparisons between vertebrate and nonvertebrate Myomaker revealed key structural and mechanistic insights into myoblast fusion. Thus, our findings suggest an evolutionary model of chordate fusogens and illustrate how new genes shape the emergence of novel morphogenetic traits and mechanisms
Fluoro-organosulfur catholytes to boost lithium primary battery energy
No full textDiscovery of new electrochemical redox motifs is essential to expand the design landscape for energy-dense batteries. We report a family of fluorinated reactants based on pentafluorosulfanyl arenes (R-Ph-SF₅) that allow for high electron-transfer numbers (up to 8-e⁻/reactant) by exploiting multiple coupled redox processes, including extensive S–F bond breaking, yielding capacities of 861 mAh·g_(reactant)⁻¹ and voltages up to ∼2.9 V when used as catholytes in primary Li cells. At a cell level, gravimetric energies of 1,085 Wh·kg⁻¹ are attained at 5 W·kg⁻¹ and moderate temperatures of 50 °C, with 853 Wh·kg⁻¹ delivered at > 100 W·kg⁻¹, exceeding all leading primary batteries based on electrode + electrolyte (substack) mass. Voltage compatibility of R-Ph-SF₅ reactants and carbon monofluoride (CFₓ) conversion cathodes further enabled investigation of a hybrid battery containing both fluorinated catholyte and cathode. The hybrid cells reach extraordinarily high cell active mass loading (∼80%) and energy (1,195 Wh·kg⁻¹), allowing for significant boosting of substack gravimetric energy of Li−CFₓ cells by at least 20% while exhibiting good shelf life and safety characteristics
Temporal proteomics reveal specific cell cycle oncoprotein downregulation by p97/VCP inhibition
No full textTargeting protein quality control (PQC) pathways using proteasome or p97/VCP inhibition can effectively treat blood tumors. However, in solid tumors, only p97/VCP inhibitors are effective. To probe this difference in efficacy, we tracked HCT116 colon cancer cells using temporal proteomics to define the cellular and molecular responses to proteasome and p97 inhibition. Proteins involved in general PQC pathways were similarly upregulated by both treatments, suggesting that the proteotoxic stress caused by inhibitors does not explain the differential therapeutic effectiveness. Unexpectedly, proteins specifically dysregulated by two p97 inhibitors are involved in cell cycle control. Indeed, eleven cell cycle proteins were downregulated by p97 inhibition but not by proteasome inhibition. Western blot analysis validated the degradation of cyclin D1 and Securin, which depends on proteasome but not on p97. Differing regulation of cell cycle proteins by p97 and the proteasome may, therefore, explain the therapeutic efficacy of p97 inhibitors in colon cancer
The CGM–GRB Study. II. Outflow–Galaxy Connection at z ∼ 2–6
No full textWe use a sample of 27 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at redshift z = 2–6 to probe the outflows in their respective host galaxies (log(M_*/M_⊙) ∼ 9–11) and search for possible relations between the outflow properties and those of the host galaxies, such as M*, the star formation rate (SFR), and the specific SFR (sSFR). First, we consider three outflow properties: outflow column density (N_(out)), maximum outflow velocity (Vmax), and normalized maximum velocity (V_(norm) = V_(max)/V_(circ,halo), where V_(circ,halo) is the halo circular velocity). We observe clear trends of N_(out) and V_(max) with increasing SFR in high-ion-traced outflows, with a stronger (>3σ) V_(max)–SFR correlation. We find that the estimated mass outflow rate and momentum flux of the high-ion outflows scale with SFR and can be supported by the momentum imparted by star formation (supernovae and stellar winds). The kinematic correlations of high-ion-traced outflows with SFR are similar to those observed for star-forming galaxies at low redshifts. The correlations with SFR are weaker in low-ion outflows. This, along with the lower detection fraction in low-ion outflows, indicates that the outflow is primarily high-ion dominated. We also observe a strong (>3σ) trend of normalized velocity (V_(norm)) decreasing with halo mass and increasing with sSFR, suggesting that outflows from low-mass halos and high-sSFR galaxies are most likely to escape and enrich the outer circumgalactic medium (CGM) and intergalactic medium with metals. By comparing the CGM–GRB stacks with those of starbursts at z ∼ 2 and z ∼ 0.1, we find that over a broad redshift range, the outflow strength strongly depends on the main-sequence offset at the respective redshifts, rather than simply the SFR
Development of a Compact and Robust Mid-Infrared Spectrometer by Using a Silicon/Air Hyperspectral Filter
No full textThe molecular absorption spectrum in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region is typically measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Such spectrometers require complex and delicately aligned interferometers, which increases their size and cost. Here, we present an alternative compact mid-IR spectrometer, which uses a variable mid-IR filter with a gradual change of cavity length between two silicon/air dielectric mirrors. When combined with a modern uncooled thermal imaging camera, hyperspectral filtering can provide a powerful solution for the miniaturization of mid-IR spectrometers. By using the hyperspectral filter, light from a broadband light source can be dispersed and assigned to individual pixels of a microbolometer array of the thermal imaging camera. This technology offers an inexpensive and compact mid-IR spectrometer design with no moving parts and rapid acquisition time
Wearable Bioelectronics for Chronic Wound Management
No full textChronic wounds are a major healthcare issue and can adversely affect the lives of millions of patients around the world. The current wound management strategies have limited clinical efficacy due to labor-intensive lab analysis requirements, need for clinicians’ experiences, long-term and frequent interventions, limiting therapeutic efficiency and applicability. The growing field of flexible bioelectronics enables a great potential for personalized wound care owing to its advantages such as wearability, low-cost, and rapid and simple application. Herein, recent advances in the development of wearable bioelectronics for monitoring and management of chronic wounds are comprehensively reviewed. First, the design principles and the key features of bioelectronics that can adapt to the unique wound milieu features are introduced. Next, the current state of wound biosensors and on-demand therapeutic systems are summarized and highlighted. Furthermore, the design criteria of the integrated closed loop devices are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges in wearable bioelectronics for wound care are discussed
Representation of Leaf-to-Canopy Radiative Transfer Processes Improves Simulation of Far-Red Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Community Land Model Version 5
No full textRecent advances in satellite observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provide a new opportunity to constrain the simulation of terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Accurate representation of the processes driving SIF emission and its radiative transfer to remote sensing sensors is an essential prerequisite for data assimilation. Recently, SIF simulations have been incorporated into several land surface models, but the scaling of SIF from leaf-level to canopy-level is usually not well-represented. Here, we incorporate the simulation of far-red SIF observed at nadir into the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5). Leaf-level fluorescence yield was simulated by a parametric simplification of the Soil Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes model (SCOPE). And an efficient and accurate method based on escape probability is developed to scale SIF from leaf-level to top-of-canopy while taking clumping and the radiative transfer processes into account. SIF simulated by CLM5 and SCOPE agreed well at sites except one in needleleaf forest (R² > 0.91, root-mean-square error 0.68). At the global scale, simulated SIF generally captured the spatial and seasonal patterns of satellite-observed SIF. Factors including the fluorescence emission model, clumping, bidirectional effect, and leaf optical properties had considerable impacts on SIF simulation, and the discrepancies between simulate d and observed SIF varied with plant functional type. By improving the representation of radiative transfer for SIF simulation, our model allows better comparisons between simulated and observed SIF toward constraining GPP simulations
Systematic fuzzy Navier–Stokes equations for aerospace vehicles
No full textPurpose: To prove the effectiveness of the proposed design method, this study aims to propose the Fisher equation and temperature cooling fins that control high-speed aerospace vehicles.
Design/methodology/approach: A new approach whereby the control of aerospace vehicles can be achieved by fuzzy controller and appropriate Navier–Stokes equations in this article. The design of the controller based on models of Navier–Stokes equations simplified complex mathematical simulations and approximations.
Findings: If the fuzzy controller cannot stabilize the system, the Navier–Stokes fuzzy function is injected into the system as a controller tool, and the system is asymptotically stabilized by adjusting the fuzzy parameters.
Originality/value: The simulation results show that if the tuning frequency is high enough, the fuzzy controller and fuzzy observer can create chaotic movements by adjusting the dither amplitude appropriately. The demonstration of the Fisher equation and the temperature-cooled fin control problem for high-speed aerospace vehicles has displayed the benefits of combining fuzzy control with the Navier–Stokes equation
Overdensity of SubMillimiter Galaxies in the GJ526 Field mapped with the NIKA2 Camera
No full textUsing the NIKA2 dual band millimeter camera installed on the IRAM30m telescope, we have mapped a relatively large field (~ 70 arcmin²) in the direction of the star GJ526 to investigate the nature of the sources found with the MAMBO camera at 1.2 mm ten years earlier. We have found that they must be dust-obscured galaxies (SMGs) in the background beyond the star. The new NIKA2 map at 1.15 mm reveals additional sources and, in fact, an overdensity of SMGs predominantly distributed along a filament-like structure in projection on the sky across the whole observed field. We speculate this might be a cosmic filament at high redshift as revealed in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Measurement of spectroscopic redshifts of the SMGs in the candidate filament is required now for a definitive confirmation of the nature of the structure