97828 research outputs found
Sort by
The Effects of Psilocybin on Depression and Anxiety: A Review
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2024/2025Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has been used for thousands of years
throughout history, but only recently has the scientific community started to explore its effects
on psychological disorders. This was because psilocybin was outlawed in 1970 and is still
illegal in many countries today. Studies have been done regarding psilocybin’s effect on
many psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, substance abuse disorder,
autism, schizophrenia, eating disorders, PTSD, tobacco use disorder, alcohol abuse
disorder, and OCD. This review specifically focuses on psilocybin’s effects on depression
and anxiety.
Two scientific databases, APA PsycNet and PubMed, were used in the gathering of data.
The search terms “psilocybin,” “depression,” “anxiety,” and “meta” were used together. After
two screenings, one omitting all the articles without free access to the full text and another
omitting all off-topic articles, 15 articles were found and used in this review.
The conclusion of this review is that psilocybin has a statistically significant effect in
improving depression and anxiety symptoms, but it is still in the early stages of testing and
there are a number of problems with the studies that have been done. One of these
problems is blinding, given that it is difficult to find a placebo comparable to psilocybin.
Another problem is the homogeneity of the sample studies, as the majority of the participants
in the studies were Caucasian. Black and Latino populations were underrepresented. The
number of RCTs needs to be higher before meaningful conclusions can be drawn. The
studies used different dosages of psilocybin, as well as different quantities of dosing
sessions and different methods of psychotherapy to accompany the dosage sessions.La psilocibina es una droga psicodélica clásica que se ha utilizado durante miles de años a
lo largo de la historia, y sólo recientemente la comunidad científica ha empezado a explorar
sus efectos sobre los trastornos psicológicos. Esto se debió a que la psilocibina fue
prohibida en 1970 y aún sigue siendo ilegal en muchos países. Se han realizado estudios
sobre el efecto de la psilocibina en muchos problemas psicológicos, como la depresión, la
ansiedad, el trastorno por abuso de sustancias, el autismo, la esquizofrenia, los trastornos
alimentarios, el TEPT, el tabaquismo, el alcoholismo, y el TOC. Esta revisión se centra
específicamente en los efectos de la psilocibina sobre la depresión y la ansiedad.
Para la recopilación de datos se utilizaron dos bases de datos científicas, APA PsycNet y
PubMed. Se utilizaron conjuntamente los términos de búsqueda «psilocibina», «depresión»,
«ansiedad» y «meta». Tras dos revisiones, una omitiendo todos los artículos sin acceso
libre al texto completo y otra omitiendo todos los artículos fuera de tema, se encontraron 15
artículos que se utilizaron en esta revisión.
La conclusión de esta revisión es que la psilocibina tiene un efecto estadísticamente
significativo en la mejora de los síntomas de la depresión y la ansiedad, pero aún se
encuentra en las primeras fases de prueba y existen varios problemas con los estudios que
se han realizado. Uno de estos problemas es el blinding, dado que es difícil encontrar un
placebo comparable a la psilocibina. Otro problema es la homogeneidad de la muestra de
los estudios, ya que la mayoría de los participantes en los estudios eran caucásicos. Las
poblaciones negra y latina estaban infrarrepresentadas. El número de ECAs debe ser mayor
antes de poder extraer conclusiones significativas. Los estudios utilizaron distintas dosis de
psilocibina, así como distintas cantidades de sesiones y distintos métodos de psicoterapia
para acompañar las sesiones de dosificación
RE170 (Dimethyl Ether) and ternary mixtures (R744 / RE170 / R600) as alternatives to R290 for refrigeration and heat pump applications
No full textThis study explores the potential of dimethyl ether (RE170) and ternary mixtures (R744/RE170/R600) as alternatives to R290 in refrigeration and heat pump applications. A thermodynamic analysis using Refprop v.10 was conducted to determine optimal compositions, followed by an experimental evaluation in a single-stage vapor compression cycle with a variable speed compressor. Results indicate that RE170 and its mixtures provide superior energy efficiency compared to R290, with maximum COP improvements of 29.8 % (refrigeration) and 17.99 % (heat pump), albeit with reduced cooling and heating capacities. Experimental tests show that RE170 is the best candidate for substitution, as it avoids temperature glide and maintains higher heat transfer coefficients. These findings suggest that RE170 and its optimized mixtures could enhance system efficiency, provided adequate system modifications are implemented.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume
Asociación entre la obesidad materna pregestacinal y ganancia ponderal en el embarazo y desarrollo de TDAH en la infancia y adolescencia: una revisión sistemática
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Medicina (Pla de 2017). Codi: MD1758. Curs acadèmic: 2024/2025Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders represent a public health concern.
There is evidence suggesting that pregestational maternal obesity and
gestational weight gain are associated with the development of AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but findings are contradictory.
Objectives: To analyze the association between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity
and gestational weight gain with the development of ADHD during childhood and
adolescence.
Methods: A literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Scopus, selecting
studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A data extraction table was
created, risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a
qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the results was performed.
Results: Thirteen prospective cohort studies from Europe and the United States
were included. All examined the effect of maternal pregestational BMI, and four
analyzed gestational weight gain in relation to ADHD development. Twelve out of
thirteen studies found a positive association between overweight/obesity and the
risk of developing ADHD symptoms and diagnosis. Three out of four studies
reported significant associations between gestational weight gain and the risk of
developing ADHD, although the methodologies varied across studies.
Conclusions: Pregestational maternal obesity and gestational weight gain show
a positive association with the development of ADHD in childhood and
adolescence. However, the evidence regarding the impact of gestational weight
gain is limited, and the heterogeneity among studies complicates comparison of
the results. Further research is needed to explore these associations in greater
depth.Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders, including AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), are a growing public health concern due
to their increasing prevalence and long-term impact on cognitive, behavioral and
emotional development. Recent studies have explored the potential influence of
maternal factors on the risk of developing these disorders, with a particular focus
on maternal pregestational obesity and gestational weigh gain. Although there is
a growing body of evidence supporting an association between these material
conditions and ADHD in offspring, findings remain inconsistent across the
literature.
Objectives: This systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between
maternal pregestational obesity and gestational weight gain with the subsequent
development of ADHD during childhood and adolescence.
Hypothesis: There is a positive association between pregestational maternal
obesity and/or excessive weight gain during pregnancy and an increased risk of
developing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) during childhood and
adolescence.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using two major scientific
databases: Pubmed and Scopus. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to
ensure the selection of relevant studies. Data from the selected articles were
extracted into a standardized table, and the risk of bias was assessed using
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, which considers selection, comparability, and outcome
assessment domains. Both qualitative and quantitative synthesis were performed
to interpret the results.
Results: A total of 13 prospective cohort studies, conducted in European and
North American populations, were included in the final analysis. All of the studies
assessed the effect of pregestational maternal weight gain. Among the included
studies, 12 reported a positive association between maternal overweight or
obesity and an increased risk of ADHD symptoms or clinical diagnosis in
offspring. Similarly, three out of the four studies analyzing gestational weight gain found significant associations with a heightened risk o ADHD. However, the
methodologies used varied significantly, contributing to some heterogeneity in
the results. The findings suggest a consistent positive association between
maternal pregestational obesity and the development of ADHD in children and
adolescence. While some evidence supports a similar association with excessive
gestational weight gain, the data are more limited and less conclusive. The
methodological differences across studies including variability in diagnostic
criteria, exposure definitions, and control for confounding factors complicate
direct comparisons and limit the strength of the conclusions.
Conclusions: In summary, the evidence indicates that maternal pregestational
obesity may be a modifiable risk factor for ADHD, underscoring the importance
of maternal health before and during pregnancy. Future longitudinal studies with
standardized criteria and robust methodologies are necessary to better
understand these associations and to inform preventive strategies targeting
maternal health before and during pregnancy
Disfunción hepática asociada a la nutrición parenteral en el paciente crítico
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Medicina (Pla de 2017). Codi: MD1758. Curs acadèmic: 2024/2025La disfunción hepática asociada a la nutrición parenteral (DHANP) en pacientes críticos
es una complicación frecuente que puede obligar a interrumpir el soporte nutricional,
aumentando el riesgo de desnutrición y afectando negativamente al pronóstico del
paciente.
El objetivo principal del estudio es determinar la incidencia de DHANP en pacientes
críticos. Como objetivos secundarios se encuentran: describir el tipo de lesión hepática
más frecuente, identificar factores clínicos y nutricionales asociados a su desarrollo, y
analizar la presencia de infecciones nosocomiales en estos pacientes.
Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo y analítico en la Unidad
de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Universitario de Castellón. Se incluyeron
todos los pacientes adultos que recibieron nutrición parenteral total durante tres o más
días, excluyendo aquellos con hepatopatía activa/descompensada al ingreso o con datos
incompletos. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo con SPSS 29.0.2.0.
De los pacientes incluidos, el 35,1% desarrolló DHANP, siendo el patrón colestásico el
más frecuente (59,6%). Se identificaron como factores de riesgo el perfil quirúrgico y
programado del paciente, así como el ingreso en UCI tras cirugías oncológicas
gastrointestinales complejas, la linfopenia y la sobrealimentación. Asimismo, el 30,8%
de los pacientes con DHANP presentaron infecciones nosocomiales sin poder
establecerse una relación significativa entre ambas condiciones.
En conclusión, la DHANP sigue siendo una complicación frecuente en pacientes
críticos. La aplicación de criterios diagnósticos homogéneos y la detección temprana
son fundamentales para optimizar su manejo y mejorar el pronóstico clínico.Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Dysfunction (PNALD) in critically ill patients is
a common complication that may lead to the interruption of nutritional support,
increasing the risk of malnutrition and negatively affecting patient outcomes.
The main objective of the study is to determine the incidence of PNALD in critically ill
patients. Secondary objectives include describing the most common type of liver injury,
identifying clinical and nutritional factors associated with its development, and
analyzing the occurrence of nosocomial infections in these patients.
A longitudinal, retrospective, observational, and analytical study was conducted in the
Intensive Care Unit of the General University Hospital of Castellón. All adult patients
who received total parenteral nutrition for three or more days were included, excluding
those with active/decompensated liver disease on admission or with incomplete data.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0.2.0.
Among the included patients, 35.1% developed PNALD, with the cholestatic pattern
being the most frequent (59.6%). Identified risk factors included being a scheduled
surgical patient, following major gastrointestinal oncological surgery, lymphopenia, and
overfeeding. Additionally, 30.8% of patients with PNALD developed nosocomial
infections.
In conclusion, PNALD remains a frequent complication in critically ill patients. The use
of standardized diagnostic criteria and early identification are essential to optimize its
management and improve clinical outcomes
El concepto de mérito de Young a Sandel y sus implicaciones en el bien común y el bienestar personal
No full textTreball Final de Master Universitari en Ètica i Democràcia. Codi: SBI019. Curs: 2024-202
Navigating identity performance, activism and visibility in a hostile context: the life story of a non-binary Kenyan student
No full textThis article aims to highlight the experience of a non-binary Kenyan student through a life story interview, exploring the tension between identity performance, activism, and visibility in a hostile context. This method enables the identification of a dynamic identity construction and performance process, examining how invisible minorities find space to navigate the complexities of sexual orientation and gender identity. It focuses on identity performance as a theoretical framework, employing Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity to elucidate identity construction. The findings underscore the pivotal role of agency, performativity, and subversion in how individuals challenge and navigate the boundaries of their identities. The article also delves into how higher learning institutions may serve as spaces for activism and visibility. While the university environment is often perceived as offering greater freedom compared to primary or secondary school settings, it does not universally guarantee freedom, visibility, and activism for everyone, albeit perhaps in some cases. In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of recognizing the experiences of non-binary people despite the sociocultural conception that sex and gender are binary in order to broaden our understanding of the diversity of gender identities, thus recognizing the complexity of human experiences beyond traditional categories
The Relationship Between Borderline Personality Disorder, Worsening Mental Health, and Obstetric Complications During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2024/2025Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by emotional instability, impulsive
behaviors, disturbances in self-image, and interpersonal difficulties (American Psychological Association, 2013).
Previous studies indicate that pregnant women with BPD experience a worsening of symptoms such as
emotional instability and impulsivity (Wijesinghe, 2022; Williams & Hill, 2023). Due to the limited available
evidence, especially in Spain, the objective of this narrative review was to analyze the relationship between BPD,
psychological worsening, and the occurrence of obstetric complications in pregnant women with this disorder.
Following criteria based on the PRISMA-P guideline (Samsheer et al., 2015), a search was conducted in
PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and Scopus, identifying 417 studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The
inclusion criteria were: publications from the last 10 years, in Spanish or English, cross-sectional and longitudinal
studies including pregnant women diagnosed with BPD, and open access. After this selection, five articles were
analyzed.The studies included small samples of pregnant women with BPD, mainly young, with high psychiatric
comorbidity, mostly unemployed, and with unplanned pregnancies, who showed a higher risk of obstetric
complications such as preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and cesarean sections. There was also a significant
deterioration in their mental health, particularly depressive and anxious symptoms, and a worsening of
characteristic BPD symptoms such as emotional dysregulation and impulsivity. In conclusion, there is a
relationship between BPD, psychological deterioration, and obstetric complications that can be explained by the
intrinsic characteristics of the disorder which increase vulnerability to the physical and psychosocial changes of
pregnancy. Common limitations include small sample sizes and lack of control for confounding variables such as
socioeconomic status and psychiatric comorbidity. Future research is recommended to further explore the
possible causality between these factors.El Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP) es un trastorno mental caracterizado por inestabilidad emocional,
conductas impulsivas, alteraciones en la autoimagen y dificultades interpersonales (American Psychological
Association, 2013). Estudios previos indican que mujeres embarazadas con TLP experimentan un agravamiento
de síntomas como la inestabilidad emocional y la impulsividad (Wijesinghe, 2022; Williams y Hill, 2023). Debido
a la limitada evidencia disponible, especialmente en España, el objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue analizar la
relación entre el TLP, el agravamiento psicológico y la aparición de complicaciones obstétricas en mujeres
embarazadas con dicho trastorno. Siguiendo criterios basados en la guía PRISMA-P (Samsheer et al., 2015), se
realizó una búsqueda en PsycINFO, PsycArticles y Scopus, identificando 417 estudios. Se aplicaron criterios de
inclusión y de exclusión. Los criterios de inclusión que se utilizaron fueron: publicaciones de los últimos 10 años,
en español o inglés, estudios transversales y longitudinales, que incluyeran mujeres embarazadas con
diagnóstico de TLP y que fueran de acceso abierto.Tras esta selección, se analizaron cinco artículos. Los
estudios presentan muestras pequeñas de embarazadas con TLP, principalmente jóvenes, con alta comorbilidad
psiquiátrica, en su mayoría desempleadas y con embarazos no planificados, quienes presentan un mayor riesgo
de complicaciones obstétricas como el parto prematuro, diabetes gestacional y cesáreas. También se produce
un deterioro significativo de su salud mental, sobre todo en síntomas depresivos, ansiosos y agravamiento de
síntomas característicos del trastorno, como la desregulación emocional y la impulsividad. En conclusión, existe
una relación entre TLP, deterioro psicológico y complicaciones obstétricas puede explicarse por las
características intrínsecas del trastorno que aumentan la vulnerabilidad frente a los cambios físicos y
psicosociales propios del embarazo. Las limitaciones comunes incluyen tamaños muestrales reducidos y falta de
control de variables de confusión como nivel socioeconómico y comorbilidad psiquiátrica. Se recomienda que
futuras investigaciones profundicen en la posible causalidad entre estos factores
Positive definite functions as uniformly ergodic multipliers of the Fourier algebra
No full textLet G be a locally compact group and let φ be a positive definite function on G with φ(e) = 1. This function defines a multiplication operator Mφ on the Fourier algebra A(G) of G. The aim of this paper is to classify the ergodic properties of the operators Mφ, focusing on several key factors, including the subgroup Hφ = {x ∈ G : φ(x) = 1}, the spectrum of Mφ, or how “spread-out” a power of Mφ can be. We show that the multiplication operator Mφ is uniformly mean ergodic if and only if Hφ is open and 1 is not an accumulation point of the spectrum of Mφ. Equivalently, this happens when some power of φ is not far, in the multiplier norm, from a function supported on finitely many cosets of Hφ. Additionally, we show that the powers of Mφ converge in norm if, and only if, the operator is uniformly mean ergodic and Hφ = {x ∈ G : |φ(x)| = 1}.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume
Business plan: ZAPP
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Administració d'Empreses. Codi: AE1049. Curs 2024/202
Corpus-based Studies in Specialized Discourses
No full textThis book illustrates the complex ways language operates within specific professional and academic contexts. Through a series of meticulously conducted corpus-based studies, the volume explores the unique linguistic features and rhetorical strategies that characterize specialized discourses across various fields, including medicine, engineering, and the humanities. It examines key aspects such as metadiscourse markers, rhetorical structures of research articles, and the customization of vocabulary tools to enhance language learning and professional communication. By revealing patterns and trends that traditional methods might overlook, this collection offers valuable insights for scholars, educators, and practitioners, making it an essential resource for understanding and improving communication within specialized domains