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Analysis of the ISO 6336 face load factor and its application to helical gears
No full textThe ISO 6336 Standard provides widely accepted analytical methods for calculating load distribution factors in helical gears, particularly the face load factor. However, these methods rely on simplifications that may not accurately capture real-world operating conditions, potentially leading to non-conservative results. This study critically assesses the ISO 6336 Standard approach by comparing its predictions to those obtained from an advanced finite element model (FEM) of a helical gear transmission, which incorporates a complete gear-shaft-support system. The numerical results reveal that the methods in ISO 6336 Standard systematically overestimate the face load factor in most cases, though its predictions remain close to FEM calculations for certain configurations. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of helix angle direction and power input/output configuration on load distribution, factors not explicitly considered in the standard. The findings suggest potential refinements to the ISO 6336 Standard to improve its accuracy in engineering applications
Análisis y correlación de parámetros estructurales y funcionales antes y después de la cirugía de la catarata. Aportación del índice de dispersión ocular (OSI)
No full textLa catarata es un proceso crónico asociado al envejecimiento, cuya definición es el desarrollo de opacidad en el cristalino que provoca disminución de la agudeza visual. La determinación de parámetros objetivos y fiables puede ayudar al clínico en la toma de decisiones previa a la cirugía, permitiendo la optimización del procedimiento. Esta tesis doctoral trata de Investigar la relación entre las clasificaciones clínicas actuales de la catarata y diferentes parámetros objetivos y subjetivos asociados a la pérdida de visión, así como la relación entre el objective scatter index (OSI), la cantidad de energía ultrasónica disipada durante la cirugía y la pérdida de células del endotelio corneal tras ésta.Cataract is a chronic, age-related process defined by the development of lens opacification that results in decreased visual acuity. The determination of objective, reliable parameters can assist clinicians in preoperative decision-making for cataract surgery, thereby enabling optimization of the procedure. This doctoral thesis investigates the relationship between the Ocular Scatter Index (OSI) and the amount of ultrasound energy used during surgery, as well as its association with current clinical cataract grading systems and other objective parameters linked to vision loss. It also examines additional subjective indicators of vision-related quality of life, assessed before and after surgery.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Infermeri
Challenges of the Mexican Financial System: Empirical Studies on Financial Inclusion and Banking Competition
No full textThe research presented in this PhD Thesis provides new empirical evidence on the dynamics of financial inclusion and banking competition in Mexico. By studying the probability and the determinants of establishing a branch (chapter 1), developing an innovative index of inclusion (chapter 2), constructing a series of indices of inclusion on time (chapter 3), incorporating a geographic visualization (chapter4), and analyzing the role of multimarket contacts in competition (chapter 5), this work advances the understanding of structural and behavioural factors shaping the Mexican financial system. In analyzing financial inclusion, a central focus of this thesis is the study of geographic disparities. The availability of municipal-level data enabled the analysis to be conducted at a highly disaggregated scale, thereby uncovering local heterogeneities that are often concealed within national or aggregate statistics. Moreover, the recognition of the multidimensional nature of financial inclusion constitutes a distinctive feature of the approach taken in three of the articles included in this dissertation. These contributions examine not only the dimension of access, but also usage, along with several relevant subdimensions within both categories, thus providing a more comprehensive and nuanced picture of financial inclusion in Mexico. With regard to banking competition, the research extends beyond traditional measures of market structure and performance to explore the dynamics of bank behavior under conditions of municipal multimarket contact (MMC). By examining how geographic overlap and the intensity of multimarket interactions affect competitive conduct, the analysis offers a more nuanced perspective on the determinants of market power, complementing conventional competition analysis.Programa de Doctorat en Economia i Empres
La calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad reumatológica inflamatoria en tratamiento biológico
No full textIntroducción: La siguiente Tesis de Doctorado versa sobre las enfermedades reumatológicas inflamatorias o enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes sistémicas (ERAS). El cometido de su composición pretende contribuir a la comprensión de la importancia de la calidad de vida (CdV) que permiten conseguir las personas con dichas patologías con la utilización de los nuevos tratamientos biológicos (TB) derivados de la investigación de las nuevas dianas terapéuticas a nivel molecular. Y para llegar a ese punto se pregunta si los pacientes en tratamiento con biológicos están mejor controlados que los que utilizan fármacos antirreumáticos. El objetivo principal es el de conocer el grado de control de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas reumatológicas (AR, APs y EA) y su repercusión en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), en la población asignada al Departament de Castelló. Material y métodos: Tras una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre el estado de la cuestión se plantea la realización de un estudio observacional con medicamentos (EOm). Para la consecución del objetivo principal y de los secundarios se formaliza la realización de dos estudios: un primer estudio observacional retrospectivo para conocer la realidad de la población con las patologías de interés, para posteriormente realizar un estudio prospectivo de cohortes con la inclusión de pacientes que inician tratamiento con fármacos modificadores de enfermedad (FAMEs) o bien TB. Resultados: En el estudio se objetivan prevalencias similares a los valores actuales a nivel mundial, siendo de 0,2% para la AR, y 0,1% tanto para la APs como para la EA. El grado de control de las diferentes entidades es adecuado, ya sea de forma analítica o bien mediante los cuestionarios de capacidad funcional específicos, siendo mayor de forma generalizada en el TB. A nivel de costes, la media del gasto de los tratamientos ajustados a la anualidad es de 7529€ utilizando FAMEs, siendo de 9122€ en el caso del TB. Por lo que respecta a los cuestionarios de CVRS, se observan diferencias a de forma puntual en el momento inicial, al mes, a los tres meses, a los seis meses y al año (en aquellos que se ha podido realizar el estudio completo). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la diferencia entre la utilización de FAME o TB bien sea en su grado de control y la CVRS, no puede generalizarse aunque se hayan objetivado tendencias, puesto que no son los tratamientos iguales, aunque en los cuestionarios de CVRS sí que había diferencias significativas.Introduction: The following PhD thesis is about inflammatory rheumatic diseases or systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). The purpose of its composition is to contribute to the understanding of the importance of the quality of life (QoL) that people with these pathologies can achieve with the use of new biological treatments (BT) derived from the research of new therapeutic targets at a molecular level. And to reach this point, it is asked whether patients under treatment with biologicals are better controlled than those who use antirheumatic drugs. The main objective is to know the degree of control of patients with chronic rheumatic diseases (RA, PsA and AS) and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), in the population assigned to the Department of Castelló. Material and methods: After a bibliographic search on the state of the art, the realization of an observational study with medications (EOm) is proposed. In order to achieve the main objective and the secondary ones, two studies were carried out: a first retrospective observational study to find out the reality of the population with the pathologies of interest, and then a prospective cohort study with the inclusion of patients who start treatment with with disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) or biological treatment (BT). Results: The study found prevalences similar to current values worldwide, being 0.2% for RA, and 0.1% for both PsA and AS. The degree of control of the different entities is adequate, whether analytically or through specific functional capacity questionnaires, being generally higher in TB. In terms of costs, the average cost of treatments adjusted to the year is 7529€ using DMARDs, being 9122€ in the case of BT. Regarding the HRQoL questionnaires, differences were observed at baseline, at one month, at three months, at six months and at one year (in those for which the full study could be carried out). Conclusions: The results suggest that the difference between the use of DMARDs or TB, whether in their degree of control or HRQoL, cannot be generalised, although trends have been observed, since they are not the same treatments, although there were significant differences in the HRQoL questionnaires.Programa de Doctorat en Ciències Biomèdiques i Salu
Big Data and Social Media for Sustainability: Proposal for a framework and methodology to foster People Sustainable Behavior and to assess Corporate Sustainability
No full textCompendi d'articlesA large part of the population is not aware of the importance of sustainable behaviours and continues engaging in behaviours like failing to recycle, littering in natural settings, wasting water, overconsuming, etc. On the other hand, to know whether a company is behaving sustainably, stakeholders usually resort to the sustainability reports issued by the corporations themselves. However, this can lead to information bias or greenwashing. This PhD theses contribute to solve two research gaps regarding individuals' lack of awareness of the need for sustainable behaviours, and the lack of an independent procedure to assess Corporate Sustainability, by (1) Proposing a guiding framework on how to use Online Social Networks (OSNs) for Sustainability Awareness and Individuals’ Behaviour, as well developing a future research agenda in the field; and (2) Developing a method to assess Corporate Sustainability with an ESG approach (environmental, social and governance) using stakeholders’ opinions on the internet.Programa de Doctorat en Economia i Empres
Gitanos en Castellón de la Plana: Avecindamiento forzoso, control y desigualdad (1739-1978)
No full textEl presente trabajo realiza un recorrido por la historia del Pueblo Gitano desde lo general -España- hasta lo particular -Castellón de la Plana-. La historia de los gitanos en Castellón ha transcurrido de manera paralela al resto del territorio: el peregrinaje, asentamiento, control y persecución, fueron consustanciales a la región. La tesis indaga en las causas del persistente rechazo y discriminación, amparados desde el punto de vista legal, pero con un trasfondo socioeconómico, que han alimentado los estereotipos e imagen negativa de la etnia gitana: nómada, trapacero, vago, embaucador, etc. que aún persiste. La historia de los gitanos en España se puede resumir afirmando que fueron aceptados como peregrinos, rechazados como vecinos y discriminados como españoles. Las campañas emprendidas en el siglo XXI por el Secretariado Gitano han puesto el énfasis en el conocimiento de su cultura. Nuevos tiempos y nuevas miradas a las que esperemos contribuir con nuestro estudio.This work takes a journey through the history of the Gypsy People from the general aspects –Spain– to the particular –Castellón de la plana–. The history of the gypsies in Castellón has happened parallel to the rest of the territory: pilgrimage, settlement, control and chase were consubstantial to the region. This thesis investigates the causes of persistent repulse and discrimination, protected from a legal point of view but with a social and economic background that has fed stereotypes and negative image of gypsy ethnic group: wandering, cheaters, lazy… which still remain today. The Gypsies history in Spain can be summed up saying that they were accepted as pilgrims, rejected as neighbours and discriminated like a Spaniards. The campaigns started in the 21st century by Gypsy Organisation has emphasized understanding their culture. These are new times and new perspectives, to which we hope to contribute through our study.Programa de Doctorat en Història i Estudis Contemporani
Saberes campesinos que forjan territorios de paz en medio del colapso parcial del estado en Colombia. Memoria colectiva en las Veredas Hinche Alto e Hinche Bajo del Municipio de La Palma – Cundinamarca a través de las voces de campesinas y campesinos que tejen paz
No full textCompendi d'articles, Doctorat internacionalEl estudio se focaliza en la experiencia de una comunidad campesina que sobrevive y resiste a la guerra en Colombia a partir de sus saberes forjando territorios de paz en medio del colapso parcial del Estado. Los resultados giran en torno a problematizar la concepción de paz, la existencia de campemicidio, el colapso parcial del estado en Colombia como una realidad, los revestimientos de la colonia, la guerra silenciosa e invisible que aún existe en Colombia, situar la investigación desde lugares hegemónicos, el lugar de las mujeres en los procesos de construcción de paz, la pervivencia de los movimientos campesindios, la pregunta por si hay salida hacia la paz en Colombia, la memoria colectiva y la resistencia como actos ético políticos, el reconocimiento de los saberes campesinos como ejes fundamentales para la paz y el manifiesto a manera de denuncia ante acciones que amenazan la vida del campo y configuran el campemicidio.This doctoral thesis recovers peasant knowledge that forges territories of peace in the Hinche Alto and Hinche Bajo villages of the municipality of La Palma, Cundinamarca, amidst the partial collapse of the State in Colombia. This is done through a process of collective memory with peasants. Epistemologically, it is circumscribed within the critical social paradigm based on the postulates of interculturality and decoloniality through the method of systematization of experiences. The fieldwork records were analyzed using the qualitative analysis software Atlas Ti. The thesis is made up of six chapters: 1. Reflections on the methodological journey from the systematization of experiences in the Hinche Alto and Hinche Bajo villages of the municipality of La Palma, Cundinamarca, Colombia, as a process of critical interpretive research; 2. Hinche: territory of peace, center of peasant knowledge. Walking the utopia; 3. Collective memory, resistance, and peasant knowledge. Construction of territories of peace in Hinche (Cundinamarca - Colombia), 4. Campemicide in Colombia from which indigenous peasant movements emerge to build territories of peace, 5. Peasant knowledge in action for everyday peace, and, 6. Peasant women weaving peace in Colombia.Programa de Doctorat en Estudis Internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupamen
Mujeres, niños y niñas migrantes: Evolución de perfiles y estrategias de intervención en el Programa ÖDOS
No full textEste documento es un informe de asesoramiento técnico para la transferencia de conocimiento en el marco de un contrato de investigación titulado “Mujeres y niñas migrantes subsaharianas: análisis de perfiles y estrategias de intervención para garantizar derechos y prevenir la victimización”. El contrato fue firmado entre la Fundación EMET y la Universidad Jaume I. Los fondos para la realización de este asesoramiento fueron aportados por Oxfam Intermón en el marco del “Programa Desigualdad Cero”. Se trata de un fondo de ayuda del que dispone de Oxfam Intermón para el apoyo a organizaciones aliadas que realizan proyectos o iniciativas sociales dirigidas a la reducción de la pobreza y desigualdad en España
Aproximación a la nueva gobernanza para el desarrollo glocal sostenible: estudio de caso Santander de Quilichao (Cauca, Colombia)
No full textLa presente investigación se centra en el marco del desarrollo local, considerando las particularidades de un territorio inmerso en grandes complejidades y contradicciones sociales que, incluso, han sido generadoras de violencia por más de 60 años. El propósito se centró en realizar un análisis macro de las condiciones para el desarrollo glocal sostenible, a través de un estudio con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, que permitió contrastar las visiones institucionales y comunitarias sobre la gobernanza actual, la implementación de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y la articulación con la implementación del proceso de paz, en el municipio de Santander de Quilichao, departamento del Cauca Colombia. Del mismo modo, se realizó un análisis micro para identificar nuevas aportaciones a la gobernanza glocal sostenible, soportado en la propuesta teórica que emergió en el desarrollo de esta investigación que hemos llamado Aproximación a la Nueva Gobernanza para el Desarrollo Glocal Sostenible.The research focuses on the framework of local development, considering the particularities of a territory immersed in great complexities and social contradictions that have generated violence for more than 60 years. A macro analysis of the conditions for sustainable glocal development and a micro analysis to identify new contributions to sustainable glocal governance was carried out, through a study with a qualitative and quantitative approach, which allowed to contrast the institutional and community visions on current governance, the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and the articulation with the implementation of the peace process, in Santander de Quilichao Cauca Colombia. One of the main conclusions is that it is necessary to strengthen citizen participation, civic and formal education, especially among youth, as future leaders and managers of sustainable glocal governance processes, in pursuit of the common good and social well-being.Programa de Doctorat en Desenvolupament Local i Cooperació Internaciona
Dual Second Language Learning for the Inclusion of Migrant Children in Rural Schools: The Case of Calanda (Teruel)
No full textRural areas in Spain receive constant flows of migrants due to the need for labor in the primary sector, especially from North Africa. Local schools have very specific educational needs since migrant children normally experience difficulties in the acquisition of the Spanish language which affects and conditions their social inclusion and continuity in the educational system. RaCoDIL project (Shared roots in linguistic diversity and inclusion) derives from the AGORA matrix project which aims to bring technological and methodological innovation for language teaching in rural areas. RaCoDIL proposed an intervention in the primary school of Calanda (Teruel, Spain) for the improvement of Spanish and French languages in migrant and local students based on linguistic and cultural interchange and collaboration. To this end, an interactive glossary based on the local natural environment was created in Spanish, French, and Arabic, which served as a base for the creation of collaborative linguistic activities fostering cultural interchange. The aims were the improvement of students’ linguistic competence in their respective target languages, and the development of the Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). Students’ progress was quantitatively analyzed by the distribution of pre- and post- tests on linguistic and ICC development, and results were compared in search for significant improvements on both competences considering demographic profiles from students. The proposal has been demonstrated to influence the development of children’s positive attitudes towards learning, to dinamise the second language acquisition process, and to develop awareness, knowledge, and respect towards the foreign culture