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Fact Sheet: Ketamine
Get PDFThis fact sheet discusses ketamine, which has pain-relieving properties and has gained recent attention for its antidepressant effects. However, as a Schedule III substance, it has a risk of strong psychological and physical dependence. Recreational use can lead to short- and long-term effects on health and risk of overdose and death
Characterization and Calibration of the AirHARP2 Suite of Instruments
No full textAirHARP2 is the aircraft version of the orbital Hyper Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2) on NASA’s Plankton Aerosol Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite. In September 2024, AirHARP2 participated in the PACE Postlaunch Airborne eXperiment (PAX). This campaign provides a unique opportunity to validate radiometric and polarimetric measurements and derived science products from the PACE satellite by conducting direct cross-platform comparisons using co-located scenes. AirHARP2 is the polarimeter instrument in the AirHARP2 Suite, which also contains a VNIR imaging spectrometer, UV imaging spectrometer, and a SWIR multi-angle imaging radiometer. The companion instruments in the AirHARP2 suite mirror spectral response of the PACE Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). The full AirHARP2 suite underwent spectral calibration using the Goddard Laser for Absolute Measurement of Radiance (GLAMR) laboratory. GLAMR consists of multiple tunable lasers across the solar spectrum. Radiometric calibration for the AirHARP2 suite was performed using a calibrated integrating sphere. This presentation describes the calibration methods used for the AirHARP2 suite and shows the current state of the calibration
Optical Power Scale Realization at NIST Using the Primary Optical Watt Radiometer (POWR)
No full textThe Primary Optical Watt Radiometer (POWR) [1] at NIST realizes and maintains the unit of optical power (watt). POWR is an absolute cryogenic radiometer which uses the principle of electrical substitution to obtain the total power of input optical radiation. It serves as the basis for many radiometric and photometric units and scales realized at NIST, providing optical power measurements with uncertainties as low as 0.02% (k = 1) for continuous wave laser inputs. Currently, a continuously tunable and computer controlled supercontinuum light source is routinely utilized for efficient data collection between 500 nm and 1700 nm (5 nm step size), and a system with a Ti:Sapphire laser/ harmonic generation can produce specific wavelengths in the ultraviolet regime. These measurements are then used to calibrate the optical power responsivity of photodetectors (e.g. Si and InGaAs photodiodes) which serve as standards at NIST and beyond. This talk will introduce electrical substitution and absolute cryogenic radiometers and discuss the role POWR plays in the optical power calibration chain. Case data and lessons learned will be presented for the diverse radiation sources (ultraviolet to near infrared) available for use with POWR. Research in the POWR lab aims to lower the uncertainties in optical power measurements and calibrations whilst streamlining the data collection; future improvements to further this goal will be discussed and include incorporating a closed-cycle cryostat and continuous and automated wavelength coverage between 190 nm and 2300 nm.
1. J. M. Houston and J. P. Rice 2006 Metrologia 43 S31 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/43/2/S0
CNES Participation to the Sentinel-2 C Commissioning Phase, Leveraging Synergies Between Vicarious Calibration Methods
No full textThe 5th September 2024, Sentinel-2 C has successfully joined its orbit where Sentinel-2 A and B were already in operation since 2015 and 2017 respectively. The Sentinel-2 mission is part of the European Copernicus program, a wide Earth observation program dedicated to the environment monitoring, the mitigation of climate change effects and a support to emergency services. Sentinel-2 handles the high-resolution optical component with an acquisition of the Earth surface in 13 different spectral bands, every 5 days with a spatial resolution between 10 m and 60 m (depending on the band).
The French space agency (CNES) was in charge of the commissioning phase for the first two Sentinel-2 units. For Sentinel-2 C, the European Space Agency (ESA) has led the commissioning phase and CNES has brought its support with an independent radiometric validation. The main goal in a multi-satellite constellation remains the radiometric cross-calibration of every instrument so that users can process data regardless of the instrument. A tandem phase acquisition between Sentinel-2 C and Sentinel-2 A has helped a lot to align the radiometry of the two satellites. The presentation will go through the 5 vicarious calibration methods applied by CNES and the associated results.
The cross-calibration among the Sentinel-2 family as well as between Sentinel-2 C and other reference sensors such as Landsat 8, Landsat 9, Sentinel-3, MERIS is studied on Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS), both hot and cold deserts. The absolute calibration is evaluated with the Rayleigh scattering and the instrumented sites measurements. The inter-band calibration is measured with the Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) approach. And, for the first time in the Sentinel-2 family, several Moon images were acquired with Sentinel-2 C. CNES has applied the techniques developed in the frame of the Pleiades mission to these images and shown the radiometric coherence of Sentinel-2 with the Moon irradiance model. The presentation will help to understand the various radiometric validation methods at stake but also the reason for combining them during a commissioning phase: validity domain of each method, data availability, sensibility to error sources (especially the spectral aspects which were particularly well characterised on-ground for the Sentinel-2 C instrument). Besides, the presented results will help users who may want to build consistent time series, combining data from various reference sensors, including Sentinel-2 satellites.
The commissioning phase is always a thrilling period with a lot of in-depth studies, numerous exchanges with the various actors and a combination of results to tune the satellite. Sharing this experience with the community participates to improve the radiometric calibration methods as well as to enable the users to better understand the data. Sentinel-2 C is now aligned within 1 % with the two others Sentinel-2
COVID-19 Resilience in Indigenous Communities: A Community Capitals Approach
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on rural American Indian/Alaska Native communities. During our multi-year study, in-depth interview data was collected in Indigenous communities from over 160 Tribal leaders and members in Alaska, New Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. In interviews, participants shared their lived experience during the pandemic, both negative impacts and factors of resilience. This article focuses on the methodology and theoretical framework of Community Capitals Framework (CCF). Using CCF, interview data was coded and analyzed using a modified CCF model. Our study aims to better understand how Indigenous communities and leaders drew on human and socio-cultural assets to influence innovation and resilience during the pandemic
General Education Subcommittee Agenda September 4, 2025
No full textCall to Order Approval of Minutes - April 3, 2025 Course Approvals/Removals/Syllabi Approvals New Business Update on Center for Civic Excellence General Education Summit Additional Items Review of USU\u27s University Studies Requirements Adjourn: 9:30 a
Faculty Senate Executive Committee Agenda September 22, 2025
No full text3:00 Call to Order Approval of Minutes August 25, 2025 3:05 University Business 3:20 Faculty Senate Business 3:35 Information EPC Report - September 4, 2025 3:40 Report EPC Annual Report 4:05 Old Business 4:10 New Business Adjourn: 4:30 p
Enhancing Understanding of Breach Processes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Laboratory Tests
No full textAccurate prediction of dam breach processes is crucial for risk assessment and emergency response planning. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) offers a powerful tool for simulating such complex phenomena. However, the reliability of CFD models hinges on their validation against experimental data. This paper compares numerical simulations by the open-source code, OpenFOAM, to laboratory flume experiments to assess the accuracy of its predictions of dam breach overtopping processes.OpenFOAM is first being used to model the flow characteristics of two key stages of a dam breach experiment that took place in a physical laboratory setup. The two stages are the surface erosion stage and the steep faced / stepped erosion stage. The flume dimensions, bed profiles and flow conditions are replicated with the CFD numerical models. The free water surface is modelled with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method while the flow is modelled using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations. CFD flow velocity results are validated against the flume measurements. A second idealised case is also presented to show the effect of mesh resolution on bed shear stress distribution. The findings of this study provide insights into the capabilities and limitations of CFD models for predicting dam breach flows. This research contributes to the development of more accurate and reliable tools for assessing the potential impacts of dam failures. This work is ongoing, and results presented here are preliminary
Refined Hybrid Rocket Static Fire Testing with Increased Performance and Precision
No full textHybrid rocket development relies on precise sensor data to evaluate key performance parameters such as thrust, temperature, and chamber pressure. The accuracy of this data is influenced not only by instrumentation noise but also by the design and efficiency of the test infrastructure. This study presents a comprehensive upgrade of a lab-scale hybrid rocket static fire test cart, focusing on improvements in oxidizer flow capacity, system wiring, and data acquisition reliability. Key upgrades include larger-diameter piping for increased oxidizer flow, minimized flow losses, simplified and insulated high-voltage wiring, and enhanced sensor integration to reduce signal noise. Comparative testing between the legacy and upgraded test carts assesses the impact of these design changes. The previous cart exhibited significant pressure data noise (standard deviation of 5.88 psi), while the upgraded system achieved improved signal clarity (standard deviation of 0.28 psi). Additional comparisons include oxidizer flow performance, pressure drop analysis, and overall system efficiency. Multiple test configurations and flow conditions are evaluated to quantify increases in performance and precision. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of these upgrades in improving calibration accuracy and test reliability and providing insights into optimizing hybrid rocket test infrastructure for more precise and repeatable experimental data
Evaluation of Motor Planning Span in Those With History of Concussion
No full textVarying symptoms and impairments can be observed when one experiences a concussion that can last for long periods of time. Research has shown that some impairments can be seen in basic motor tasks, which could reflect impairments that could lead to another concussion or possibly a musculoskeletal injury. The ability to plan an action in sequence, defined as motor planning span, may also be impaired when one sustains a concussion. Thus, the purpose of this exploratory study was to observe those with a history of concussion during a rotational task that measured end-state comfort (MEGdiff), which is associated with efficient motor planning span. A total of 35 participants, 24 with a history of concussion and 11 without, completed the rotational task. Those with a history of concussion were divided into those who had experienced 1 concussion or 2 or more concussions from the descriptive history that was provided by each participant. The experimental group recorded their reaction time during the rotational task and via the ReacStick. For the ReacStick, participants were instructed to grasp the instrument when dropped along the shaft as quickly as possible, which recorded simple reaction time. During the rotational task, participants were asked to rotate an object with 8 arms that lit up and match the colored arm to the corresponding colored target on the table. They were instructed to only use their wrist, elbow, and shoulder to complete the trials and to position the arm to the target as flush as they could. Each trial could include a Span 1, 2, or 3 task to which the participant would have to match 1, 2, or 3 arms on the object to targets on the table. In addition to this, it could include a 0, 45, or 90-degree rotation to complete the task at the first, second, or third target. Significant differences were not seen between groups for the in MEGdiff measure. This may have been due to a limited sample size, differences in time from last concussion, or potentially history of athletic performance