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Collaborative Research BPE Track 2: Disability DCL - Capturing Narratives that Characterize Neurodivergent Strengths and Weaknesses
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How Low a Colorado River Flow to Go? Insights From Numerically Stabilizing Lake Powell and Lake Mead During Crisis
No full textColorado River users are now discussing dividing river flow on a percentage basis (Fleck, 2025; Hager, 2025, Winslow, 2025). This is an important step to managing a declining and more volatile supply. In our prior May 2025 post, we shared a strategy we have worked on for several years— division of river flow—as one of 13 reasons why we have hope for consensus on Colorado River management. In this post, we address the question: How extreme low river flow and reservoir storage should we plan for going forward (Figure 1)? We also share our insights from numerically stabilizing and recovering Lake Powell and Lake Mead storage during those crises
Near-Earth Object (Neo) Surveyor Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Support of Planetary Defense
No full textThe Near-Earth Object (NEO) Surveyor mission is a key element in our future planetary defense portfolio, which will survey our solar system in the infrared to discover and characterize asteroids and comets.
The mission is designed to detect, track, and characterize small bodies throughout our solar system. By United States Congress mandate, NASA must discover more than 90% of all asteroids and comets that are larger than 140 meters in diameter and could potentially impact Earth. NEO Surveyor will provide critical decision support for stakeholders who must assess the risks of NEO impacts to Earth and identify potential mitigation strategies.
By using two infrared imaging channels, NEO Surveyor will be able to detect NEOs that ground-based telescopes or space-based visible instrumentation are unable to detect due to the objects\u27 darkness and the limitations of ground-based surveyal. These objects can sneak through our existing detection methods and are large enough to cause major regional damage if one were to impact Earth. NEO Surveyor is the first space-based observatory specifically designed for detecting NEOs. The Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL), under the leadership of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and in partnership with other organizations, is playing a critical role in subsystem development, systems engineering, and observatory-level assembly, integration, and test. This presentation will review challenges, lessons learned, and critical accomplishments in the preparation for launch of NEO Surveyor
Demonstration of Real-Time Precision Optical Time Synchronization in a True Three-Node Architecture
No full textMulti-node optical clock networks will enable future studies of fundamental physics and enable applications in quantum and classical communications as well as navigation and geodesy. We implement the first ever multi-node optical clock network with real-time, relative synchronization over free-space communication channels and precision on the order of 10 femtoseconds, realized as a three-node system in a hub-and-spoke topology. In this paper we describe the system and its performance, including a first ever measurement of precision optical time synchronization between nodes with no direct communication link or causal feedback relationship
Deep Learning for Absorption-Image Analysis
No full textThe quantum state of ultracold atoms is often determined through measurement of the spatial distribution of the atom cloud. Absorption imaging of the cloud is regularly used to extract this spatial information. Accurate determination of the parameters which describe the spatial distribution of the cloud is crucial to the success of many ultracold atom applications. In this work, we present modified deep learning image classification models for image regression. To overcome challenges in data collection, we train the model on simulated absorption images. We compare the performance of the deep learning models to least-squares techniques and show that the deep learning models achieve accuracy similar to least-squares, while consuming significantly less computation time. We compare the performance of models which take a single atom image against models which use an atom image plus other images that contain background information, and find that both models achieved similar accuracy. The use of single image models will enable single-exposure absorption imaging, which simplifies experiment design and eases imaging hardware requirements. The code used to train and evaluate these models is open-source
Goals Reconsidered: From Brute Prelusory States of Affairs to the Lusory Complexity of Sport
No full textIn this paper, I examine Bernard Suits’ conceptualization of goals in his influential definition of gameplay, focusing on how his account falls short of capturing the complexity of sporting practices. Suits famously describes games as voluntary attempts to overcome unnecessary obstacles in achieving an identifiable state of affairs. By referring to this state of affairs as the prelusory goal of games, he frames gameplay as structured teleologically around this goal, converting it into the most fundamental element of his notion of gameplay. Although elegant and very intuitive, this conception of games raises tensions when applied to the complex, multilayered activities commonly recognized as sports. In what follows, I examine those tensions to assess the suitability of Suits’ framework to theorize sport. I begin by analyzing Suits’ different notions of goals in gameplay and the role they play in this activity. I then show how the lusory complexity of sport—manifested in its plurality of goals, layered obstacles, and multiple player interactions—questions the aptness of Suits’ framework to grasp the nature of sport fully. Finally, I explore what philosophical work Suits’ definition is meant to do, arguing that its intended normative implications ultimately constrain its ability to account for the dynamic and often ambiguous goal structures that characterize many sporting activities. The paper concludes by advocating a qualified acceptance of using Suits’ definition to scrutinize the nature of sport
Mulberry Leaf Disease Detection by CNN-ViT With XAI Integration
No full textMulberry leaf disease detection is vital for maintaining the health and productivity of mulberry crops. In this paper, a novel approach was proposed by integrating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformer (ViT) for effective mulberry leaf disease classification with three disease classes. Initially, in this proposed CNN-ViT model, features are extracted using a customized CNN architecture, and then the extracted features are fed into ViT for leaf disease classification in a more streamlined approach. The CNN-ViT model achieved promising results with a projection dimension of 64, utilizing 8 heads and 8 transformer layers, yielding an accuracy of 95.60% with notable precision of 94.75%, recalls of 92.40%, and F1-scores of 93.45%. The proposed method also took 0.0017 seconds to predict an individual image. The accuracy of the proposed method was comparable to that of other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods reported in the literature. Finally, Grad-CAM was utilized for detecting precise region of interest for diseased leaves, leaf spots, and leaf rust, providing interpretability and insights into the model’s decision-making process. This comprehensive approach demonstrates the effectiveness of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) integration in the CNN-ViT model for mulberry leaf disease detection, paving the way for improved agricultural disease management strategies
Elevated Root-Zone P and Nutrient Concentration do not Increase Yield or Cannabinoids in Medical Cannabis
No full textElevating nutrient input is thought to increase yield and cannabinoid concentration of medical cannabis, but increased legalization has heightened awareness of the environmental impact of overfertilization. Elevated levels of phosphorus (P) are of particular concern. Here we report the effects of increasing P above levels adequate for other crops (15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 mg per L) and the interactive effects of elevated P with elevated nutrient solution concentration (electrical conductivity; 2 and 4 mS per cm). We used closed-system hydroponics to continuously quantify rootzone nutrient concentrations. The concentration of P in leaf tissue doubled and flower P concentration increased 70% when the P input increased from 15 to 90 mg per L but there was no difference in yield or quality among treatments. Doubling nutrient input from 2 to 4 mS per cm increased nutrient accumulation in solution but did not significantly increase yield or quality. Reducing P in the refill solution from 90 to 15 mg per L reduced P in solution at harvest from 300 to less than 0.1 mg per L. Despite the low steady-state concentration of P in solution in the 15 mg per L treatment, there was no difference in yield or quality among treatments, regardless of the concentration of other elements. Despite the high nutrient concentrations in the rootzone solution there was no leaf necrosis or other visual effects among treatments. These data indicate cannabis tolerates high nutrient concentrations, but neither excessive P nor excessive fertilization improves yield or quality
Factors Affecting Timely Intervention for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Perceptions of Texas Early Intervention Providers
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and experiences of early childhood intervention (ECI) professionals concerning timely intervention for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) in Texas. The data for this study was collected through semi-structured, qualitative interviews of 10 ECI practitioners in Texas. Interview data analysis followed the six-phase framework of Thematic Analysis. The data collected identified three major themes: (a) roles and responsibilities, (b) family attributes and experiences, and (c) “deaf” is different. Overall, the findings reveal that the referral and service process for infants and toddlers who are DHH in Texas Early Childhood programs is highly variable, shaped by diverse professional roles, family circumstances, and systemic barriers. ECI professionals often wear multiple hats and navigate complex relationships with numerous school districts, medical providers, and Teachers of the Deaf (TOD). Families’ geographic location, access to resources, and readiness to accept the diagnosis significantly influence service enrollment. Unique challenges such as delays in medical paperwork, limited pediatric audiologists, the TEHDI system, and TOD involvement underscore that “deaf is different” from other disability categories