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Leveraging the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials to Support Indigenous Digital Collections: A Case Study from the Sherman Indian Museum Digital Project
Get PDFThe Sherman Indian Museum houses a rich collection of archival materials that document the student experience, institutional culture, and community history of California’s sole remaining off-reservation American Indian boarding school. To broaden access to its collection for community and scholarly use, the museum partnered with the University of California, Riverside Library on a grant-funded project to digitize and provide online access to nearly 14,000 items from their collection. With a shared understanding of the unique ethical and communal protocols present in a digital project of this scope, the two repositories turned toward the standards and goals articulated in Protocols for Native American Archival Materials (PNAAM) for guidance. This case study details how the principles outlined in PNAAM were incorporated into the Sherman Indian Museum Digital Project to help guide this collaborative effort between an Indigenous and non-Indigenous institution. It discusses how PNAAM was not only utilized to establish and maintain an effective partnership between the repositories, but also to ensure that the process to digitize and make these materials accessible online was conducted in a culturally-responsible and -responsive manner. This approach highlights a framework that can then be adapted by similar cross-institutional digital projects working with Indigenous collections
UV-A Light: A Novel Method for Food Dehydration
Get PDFDehydration is one of the most prevalent forms of food preservation, with approximately 85% of food is hot air drying due to the simplicity of the process. The high temperatures employed in this method may also induce a loss in nutritional quality, which involves destruction of micronutrients (vitamins), and loss of color.
The aim of this work is to develop a low energy, non-thermal method of food dehydration that results in a high-quality product through the application of Ultraviolet light, within the UV-A range. UV light can be separated into its 3 categories based on the wavelength of light from longest to shortest they are A, B and C. UV-A has a longer wavelength and thus has low energy compared to UV-C or UV-B, but that longer wavelength equates to a deeper penetration ability within food materials. The UV-A light is hypothesized to supply the needed energy beneath the surface of the food samples for the release of water in a dry environment without the need for added heat. This supplied energy is also hypothesized to be able to reduce the microbial load present in the food.
The pairing of UV-A light and low relative humidity air for 10 h was applied to purple potatoes, mangoes, apples, and sweet potatoes to evaluate the dehydration kinetics this method of dehydration has on produce as well as how it effects the chemical and physical structure. The control samples of purple potato that were dehydrated without exposure to UV-A light retained 133% more moisture than the samples treated with UV-A exposure. The work done on mangoes and apples was to better observe the effectiveness of UV-A dehydration on fruit with a high-water and sugar content relative to the purple potatoes. The control samples of mango and apple resulted in a moisture content that was 85% and 55% greater than the content of the samples that were dehydrated with exposure to UV-A, respectively. Electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the preservation of the physical and chemical integrity of the purple potatoes, mangoes and apples that were UV-A dehydrated even after extended storage time in a range of relative humidity levels (11.3% - 86%). Additional work was done on sweet potatoes to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the 10 h UV-A dehydration process by monitoring the change in bacterial load of samples inoculated with ~ 6 log(CFU/gDry solids) of E. coli K12 and L. innocua L2 individually. There was a significant (P \u3c 0.05) reduction found for both bacteria after the 10 hours of treatment compared to the control samples not treated with UV-A light. The samples inoculated with E. coli K12 were reduced by 99.9 ± 0.1% as a result of the 10 h of UV-A exposure with only a 92.2 ± 0.1% reduction in the control samples. For samples inoculated with of Listeria innocua L2 there was a 99.2 ± 0.5% reduction at the end of the 10 h UV-A dehydration where the control samples treated with the absence of UV-A light had only a 60.9 ± 10.3% reduction
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Disease: Social and Environmental Drivers of Movement, Connectivity, and Disease Transmission in Bighorn Sheep
Get PDFMovement is a fundamental component of animal ecology. Animals move in order to access resources and avoid risk. Movement decisions aggregated across time determine how individuals use space, contact dynamics between individuals within a population, and connectivity across a species range. These patterns that emerge from movement decisions have downstream implications for many ecological processes and a mechanistic understanding of movement can help answer broader questions about ecology.
Disease dynamics are intrinsically tied to movement. Understanding the mechanisms that drive movement can elucidate how disease will spread and impact host populations. In this vein, I employed a suite of movement analyses to understand how an individual’s social and environmental context affects movement, population connectivity, and disease dynamics in bighorn sheep populations living along a latitudinal and precipitation cline. Bighorn sheep are currently threatened by an infectious bacterial pneumonia that can have catastrophic outcomes on infected populations. The ultimate goal of this study was to understand how different patterns of movement affect disease transmission and population growth. Using location data collected from bighorn sheep spanning a variety of environmental conditions across the state of Nevada, I identified long-distance foray behaviors that lead to connectivity between populations based on movement characteristics, modeled the effect of social and environmental factors, as well as disease, on the probability of rams making foray movements, modeled seasonal connectivity between populations, and, finally, incorporated the results of the movement and connectivity models into a realistic model of metapopulation dynamics in the presence of disease. an important role in determining how populations are ultimately affected by disease. The probability of rams making foray movements is temporally dynamic, responding to seasonal pressures and local population demography. Connectivity between populations is also temporally dynamic, with the highest rates of contact during the breeding season. When incorporated into a disease simulation model, I found that the ultimate effect of disease on population dynamics can depend on the timing of connectivity between populations in relation to its ability to provide gene flow or disease transmission
Hearing Race in the Social Studies: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of Culturally Responsive, Relevant, and Sustaining Pedagogies
Get PDFWith the growing population of linguistically, racially, and culturally diverse students in U.S. public schools, there is increasing disjuncture between current standardized policies and practices and the varied ways of knowing, being, and languaging of heterogeneous youth. Social studies researchers and educators have implemented culturally responsive, relevant, and sustaining pedagogies as tools to combat inequities within schooling for linguistically minoritized youth. To explore how the field of social studies has operationalized these pedagogies in research and practice, I conducted a critical interpretive synthesis of literature from 1995-present. In so doing, I used a raciolinguistic theoretical perspective to explore how social studies scholarship has accounted for issues of race, language, and Whiteness within their. conceptualizations and enactments of the pedagogies. Findings from this synthesis indicate that Whiteness persists within social studies research and practice that deem White mainstream language as the most appropriate language for social studies learning. Suggestions for future scholarship include problematizing conceptions of culture, monolingualism, and academic language; placing the onus of linguistic and literate change on researchers and educators; and confronting the racialization of linguistically minoritized youth through the enactment of anti-colonial language research and practice in the social studies
Effects of Blood Flow Restriction During Acute Multi-Joint Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Recovery
Get PDFBlood flow restriction (BFR) exercise has become an increasingly common modality due to evidence that it may yield positive muscle-related effects from low-intensity exercise. However, eccentric-only exercise in a multi-joint format has not yet been investigated in regard to the BFR influence on muscle recovery characteristics. The purpose of this study was to assess muscle recovery responses via isometric peak force (PF), soreness (i.e., VAS, PPT, PPD), and functional power (i.e., SLHD) following a 5-minute low-load multi-joint eccentric exercise bout with or without blood flow restriction. Thirty participants were randomly assigned into either an eccentric-only (CON) or an eccentric BFR (ECC-BFR) group. The CON group performed a single 5-minute bout of eccentric exercise while the ECC-BFR group performed the same exercise bout but with a tourniquet applied to the dominant limb (upper thigh). Muscle function was assessed in both groups at baseline (Pre) and again at 5-minutes after the exercise (Post) and again at 24, 48, and 72 h following the exercise session. There was no interaction effect for PF (p = 0.490). A main effect for time for PF and SLHD was shown such that these measures decreased at up to 48 h post exercise, in both groups. There was a significant group × time interaction for VAS (p = 0.017) and PPT (p = 0.015) that favored the ECC-BFR group. Low-load eccentric exercise with BFR may improve recovery, without any impact on PF responses. Such a result could help with adherence factors to eccentric exercise, due to a decrease in perceived soreness while maintaining a higher pain threshold
Extant
Get PDFOn April 15th, 2022, I was diagnosed with Triple Negative Breast Cancer, the most aggressive form. Everything changed that day. My body became a specimen, inspected weekly. I decided to document the process of my treatment as a way to understand the implications and ramifications of living with the disease.
I transform my artwork into multiple iterations in response to my body’s changing landscape. The transparent layers of my abstracted poetry, transitional body photos, and MRI scans suggest the permeability of the cortex and the fluidity between the interior and exterior. Looking through the layers allows for a connection with the spaces beyond the surface, from the cellular to the deep recesses of the psychological. The superficial transforms into the profound.
In the Body Series, I processed many of the emotions and implications of my diagnosis. Would I die? Would this be passed onto my children? Would this come back more violently in the future? What if my scars and muscles continue to pull while I print? —I will never be held the same. I am numb.
I translate my trauma by mining images of my body used in the diagnosis, progress, and remission of this invasive disease. Color represents being stripped away and simultaneously healed. I reproduce various insects, imagery, and symbols to express anger, burden, danger, resurrection, pain, and a metamorphosis into something more.
This journey has been an individual experience, but it is not isolated. My work acts as a bridge, a way to come into a relationship with all that has happened.
Extant means to still exist: not destroyed or lost. A documentation.
I am still me
Determining the Sap Yield of Three Maple Species and the Viability of a Maple Syrup Industry in Northern Utah
Get PDFMaple syrup is an agricultural product produced from the sap exuded by maple trees. All maples can produce sap, and in Utah, the maples include the two native species bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum) and boxelder (Acer negundo), and the introduced species Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Little is known about the sap production of these species, and this research aims to examine the volume of sap yield and sugar content of these maples, evaluate the performance of bucket and tubing collection systems, and explore the potential economics of a maple industry in the state. Research on boxelder and Norway maple sap yield and sugar content were conducted in 2022 and 2023 using bucket collection system in three locations spread throughout Cache Valley, UT. Sap yield and sugar content were collected. Bigtooth maple sap yield and sugar content were studied in 2023 and 2024 in Woodland Hills, UT, using tubing systems. Total sap yield and sugar content were measured.
It takes about 35 gallons of sap from boxelder and Norway maple trees to produce a single gallon of syrup, while only about 32 gallons are needed from bigtooth maple based on the sugar content of the sap. In comparison, sugar maple sap takes anywhere from 43 to 28 gallons. A single boxelder tree produces about 1.5 pints (~2.5 lbs) of syrup per tree every year, Norway maple produces about 0.5 pints (~0.8 lbs) per tree, and bigtooth produces about 1 pint (~1.7 lbs) per tree. In general, it is easier to find larger boxelder trees than bigtooth maple trees, and larger trees usually produce more. The tapping holes were healed within 6 months after tapping, with 93% of boxelder holes and 100% of Norway maple holes were completely healed. Boxelder and Norway maple trees are the best species for hobby production, as they are found throughout the towns and cities of Utah. Bigtooth maples are the ideal species for larger production due to their large numbers in the state, especially concentrated in Northern Utah along the Wasatch Mountain Range, particularly in Cache, Weber, Utah, and Box Elder counties, growing on mountain slopes
ADHD Knowledge: Support for Current Measures and Connections to Stigma and Intervention
Get PDFMany children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be at-risk for social, educational, and daily functioning challenges. Identifying ADHD and beginning intervention as early as possible improves outcomes for children with ADHD. Research suggests that parents, teachers, and the general population have more favorable opinions about ADHD interventions the more they know about ADHD. While many measures of ADHD knowledge have been created to measure this, there is little research on the validity of these measures. Further, additional research is needed to better understand relation between ADHD knowledge and intervention favorability. The two studies in this dissertation aim to fill these gaps. The first study is a systematic review of 94 ADHD knowledge measures found in 163 publications. Approximately one-third of the measures did not have reported psychometric evidence and most measures were designed for only one population, which limits the use of measures across populations. The second study investigated the role of decreased stigma in the relation between increased ADHD knowledge and intervention favorability in a sample of 266 parents of children with ADHD. Results supported a direct effect of increased ADHD knowledge on increased favorability toward intervention for children with ADHD and medication as an intervention. The role of ADHD stigma in this relation was not well supported. Overall, additional research regarding ADHD knowledge, ADHD stigma, and intervention is needed to help researchers, practitioners, and public health agents promote intervention use