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Book review of Becoming a Student-Ready College by Tia Brown McNair, Susan Albertine, Nicole McDonald, Thomas Major Jr., and Michelle Asha Cooper
Get PDFAccess the online Pressbooks version of this introduction here.
Book review of McNair, T. B., Albertine, S., McDonald, N., Major, T., & Cooper, M. A. (2022). Becoming a Student-Ready College. Jossey-Bass. This article discusses the book from the perspective of a student-services practitioner who understands the importance of fostering a campus culture that values equity and inclusivity to ensure fairness for all students
Quantifying Time Spent Outdoors: A Versatile Method Using Any Type of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Accelerometer Devices
Get PDFSpending time outdoors is associated with increased time spent in physical activity, lower chronic disease risk, and wellbeing. Many studies rely on self-reported measures, which are prone to recall bias. Other methods rely on features and functions only available in some GPS devices. Thus, a reliable and versatile method to objectively quantify time spent outdoors is needed. This study sought to develop a versatile method to classify indoor and outdoor (I/O) GPS data that can be widely applied using most types of GPS and accelerometer devices. To develop and test the method, five university students wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) and a GPS device (Canmore GT-730FL-S) on an elastic belt at the right hip for two hours in June 2022 and logged their activity mode, setting, and start time via activity diaries. GPS trackers were set to collect data every 5 seconds. A rule-based point cluster-based method was developed to identify indoor, outdoor, and in-vehicle time. Point clusters were detected using an application called GPSAS_Destinations and classification were done in R using accelerometer lux, building footprint, and park location data. Classification results were compared with the submitted activity diaries for validation. A total of 7,006 points for all participants were used for I/O classification analyses. The overall I/O GPS classification accuracy rate was 89.58% (Kappa = 0.78), indicating good classification accuracy. This method provides reliable I/O clarification results and can be widely applied using most types of GPS and accelerometer devices
Using Multi-Scale Spatial Models of Dendritic Ecosystems to Infer Abundance of a Stream Salmonid
Get PDF1. Understanding patterns of species abundance is essential for planning landscape-level conservation. The complex hierarchies of dendritic ecosystems result in different levels of heterogeneity at distinct geographic scales. Species responses to dynamic environmental drivers may also vary spatially depending on their interactions with landscape features. Monitoring abundance by explicitly quantifying their spatial and temporal variation is important for strategic management. 2. We analysed brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) count data collected from 173 sites in western North Carolina between 1989 and 2015. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that used single- and multi-pass electro-fishing data and characterized their respective capture probabilities. We quantified spatial variation using a multi-scale process model representative of the nested stream habitats, and we investigated differences in population temporal trends and responses to seasonal weather patterns by space and life stage. 3. Trout abundance was lower on the Atlantic slope of the Eastern Continental Divide than in the interior, on average, and the Atlantic slope juveniles were more adversely affected by high winter flows. However, Atlantic slope populations of both lifestages demonstrated positive temporal trends, whereas Interior juveniles demonstrated a negative trend. We found higher spatial variation than temporal variation in abundance when conditioned on the covariates, where the primary source of spatial heterogeneity was revealed at the segment level, compared to watershed or network levels. 4. Our multi-scale spatial model outperformed simpler models in abundance estimation and out-of-sample prediction. The inferred per-pass capture probabilities indicated that single-pass surveys were as efficient as multi-pass surveys. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggested conservation priority should involve multiple criteria, including present-day abundance, temporal trend and sensitivity to environmental drivers. Based on the inferred scale-specific variations in trout abundance, we recommend that future surveys strategically combine single-pass surveys with multi-pass surveys to optimize abundance estimation
Resurgence of Destructive Behavior Following Decreases in Alternative Reinforcement: A Prospective Analysis
Get PDFBasic and retrospective translational research has shown that the magnitude of resurgence is determined by the size of the decrease in alternative reinforcement, with larger decreases producing more resurgence. However, this finding has not been evaluated prospectively with a clinical population. In Experiment 1, five participants experienced a fixed progression of reinforcement schedule-thinning steps during treatment of their destructive behavior. Resurgence occurred infrequently across steps and participants, and when resurgence did occur, its clinical meaningfulness was often minimal. In Experiment 2, five new participants experienced these same schedule-thinning steps but in a counterbalanced order. Resurgence occurred most often and was generally largest with larger decreases in alternative reinforcement programmed earlier in the evaluation. Large decreases in alternative reinforcement may be more problematic clinically when they occur earlier in treatment. Whether larger transitions can be recommended in the clinic following the success of smaller ones will require additional research
Effects of an Indole Derivative on Cell Proliferation, Transfection, And Alternative Splicing in Production of Lentiviral Vectors by Transient Co-Transfection
Get PDFLentiviral vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus type I are widely used to deliver functional gene copies to mammalian cells for research and gene therapies. Post-transcriptional splicing of lentiviral vector transgene in transduced host and transfected producer cells presents barriers to widespread application of lentiviral vector-based therapies. The present study examined effects of indole derivative compound IDC16 on splicing of lentiviral vector transcripts in producer cells and corresponding yield of infectious lentiviral vectors. Indole IDC16 was shown previously to modify alternative splicing in human immunodeficiency virus type I. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were transiently transfected by 3rd generation backbone and packaging plasmids using polyethyleneimine. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the fraction of unspliced genomes in human embryonic kidney 293T cells increased up to 31% upon the indole\u27s treatment at 2.5 uM. Corresponding yield of infectious lentiviral vectors decreased up to 4.5-fold in a cell transduction assay. Adjusting timing and duration of IDC16 treatment indicated that the indole\u27s disruption of early stages of transfection and cell cycle had a greater effect on exponential time course of lentiviral vector production than its reduction of post-transcriptional splicing. Decrease in transfected human embryonic kidney 293T proliferation by IDC16 became significant at 10 uM. These findings indicated contributions by early-stage transfection, cell proliferation, and post-transcriptional splicing in transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293T cells for lentiviral vector production
Development of a Subsurface Water Velocity and Quality Measurement Payload for sUAS
Get PDFAquaculture farms, like oyster farms, often use outdated techniques to measure the quality of their waters. These techniques are often stationary or are deployed by an operator who may struggle to reach a location depending on conditions like the presence of a storm or low tide. This creates data sets with gaps over time and across the area of the farm, meaning the data cannot be used to model the standard farm conditions. An Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) payload is developed in this paper that is capable of measuring depth-velocity profiles through the use of a tethered velocity sensor. The tether is able to detach from the UAS through a magnetic release to ensure UAS safety. Controlled water flumes helped in the reverse-engineering of the sensor\u27s communication protocol. Tests in irrigation canals demonstrate the payload\u27s ability to measure in place of the traditional datalogger with less than 3% mean error. The payload was able to successfully measure the velocity of a coastal water channel when deployed from a bridge with less than 2% mean error. The payload was able to be deployed on a UAS in under 15 minutes by one person, which is much faster than other water velocity measurement methods. The payload was able to measure around 10 locations per flight and was moderately successful at measuring the depth-velocity profile of the locations. When the sensor was properly aligned in the direction of the water flow, the sensor had mean errors as low as 4%. However, misalignment and low sample count caused other locations to have errors as high as 31%. Low sample count is easily solved through the use of better depth control and longer sampling times. Future work needs to be done on sensor orientation control to limit that source of error
The Temperature Trend in the Upper Mesosphere Between ∼84 Km And 98 Km Based on Diurnal Cycle Observations by a Na Lidar at Middle Latitudes Between 2002 And 2017
Get PDFCarbon dioxide is one of the main greenhouse gasses that contributes to maintaining Earth’s warm global temperature in its atmosphere. Recent studies have indicated that this cooling trend has been determined to vary between less than 1 K/decade or 2 K/decade. However, these results have been determined using data that have been obtained using nighttime lidar observations and potentially do not give the complete picture on how the cooling trend is behaving. The main goal of this research is to understand the behavior of the linear temperature trend between the daytime and nighttime profiles using a 16-year dataset (2002-2017), when the sodium (Na) doppler lidar at Colorado State University, later located to Utah State University (2010), was conducting routine full diurnal cycle observations. A customized multi-linear regression (MLR) algorithm can be utilized to determine the linear temperature trends for either nighttime or daytime data sets. One main concern when utilizing the MLR for both types of lidar temperature profiles is the uncertainties in daytime profiles are shown to be higher compared to nighttime profiles. To counter this, two mathematical averaging methods were applied to the daytime and nighttime profiles to achieve a daily mean with its uncertainty. The first method uses an equal weighting average, and the second method is an inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Applying both methods to calculate the daily mean temperatures, which are adopted into the MLR model fit, provided results for the optimized parameters and their fitting uncertainties
Relationships Matter: Unpacking Personal and Professional Grief in Archival Labor
Get PDFArchival donations are often triggered by critical transitions in donors\u27 lives, like the end of a career, the selling of a family home, or the death of a loved one. Because donors approach archives during these transitions, archivists often find themselves in the middle of emotionally charged relationships with donors working through feelings of grief and loss. However, archivists are often unprepared and untrained for this emotionally demanding labor. A literature review reveals that while this is a common experience among archivists, there is very little guidance on how to approach this aspect of donor relations. Other fields that provide end-of-life care can provide guidance on working with donors experiencing loss, but personal narratives from archivists are often more effective and helpful. This article explores the personal experiences of two archivists who experienced a death in their families and emptied childhood homes while working professionally with aging and dying donors. It interrogates these personal experiences of loss as they abut against work with aging, dying, and grieving donors in archives
Using Student Experience Reports as a Window for Teacher Reflections on Inquiry Science Instructional Practices
Get PDFThis paper examines how student experience reports, collected as exit tickets, can be leveraged during professional learning to support science teachers’ understanding of their students and inform future classroom practices. Our analysis frames exit ticket data as a boundary object, which bridges across researchers’, teachers’, and students’ perspectives of the learning environment. During two successive professional learning activities, teachers examined and reflected upon their students’ exit ticket data. A thematic analysis of teachers’ discourse during these activities distilled two themes. The first theme surfaced how exit data helped teachers form new views about their students’ emerging science identities; the second revealed how teachers gained new insights into their students’ perceptions of contributions to classroom discourse, which both challenged and validated their own intuitions
17. Epistemological Clash: AI and Ways of Knowing
Get PDFAI highlights important epistemological debates, particularly for Indigenous communitie