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Third Grade Reading Proficiency in Deaf/Hard of Hearing Children who Received Early Intervention
No full textBackground
Early enrollment in Part C Early Intervention (EI) by age 6 months is linked to improved language and kindergarten readiness in deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) children, but its effect on later academic outcomes is unclear. This study examines whether earlier (\u3c6 months) or later (\u3e6 months) enrollment influences third-grade reading proficiency.
Method
This study used data linked from three Ohio state agencies for infants identified with permanent hearing loss born 2008-2014 who received EI; 412 had third grade standardized reading tests. Reading levels were categorized from limited to advanced. Logistic regression assessed the association between enrollment timing and reading proficiency, adjusting for confounders.
Results
Children enrolled earlier (n=231, 56.1%) were more likely to achieve advanced reading levels (20.3% vs 11.9%) and less likely to score at limited levels (27.6% vs 36.2%) than those enrolled later. Earlier enrolled children had reading performance comparable to all Ohio third graders. Earlier enrollment was significantly associated with proficient or better reading levels compared to later enrollment (OR 1.64 95% CI 1.06, 2.57).
Conclusion
Benefits of earlier EI enrollment extend into elementary school, supporting healthy developmental trajectories and reducing risk for later academic challenges in DHH children
Tannin Supplementation Alters Foraging Behavior and Spatial Distribution in Beef Cattle
No full textBeef production on chemically uniform grass monocultures can limit nutrient synchrony and contribute to uneven pasture use. We evaluated whether supplementing tannins with bioactive plant secondary compounds improves foraging dynamics and landscape use by beef cattle grazing a meadow bromegrass monoculture in ways aligned with rangeland sustainability. Twenty-four Angus cow–calf pairs were allocated to six 3.6-ha paddocks (four pairs/paddock), randomly assigned to Control (Ctrl; n = 3) or Tannin treatment (TT; n = 3). Animals received 1 kg/cow/day of DDGs, with TT receiving an added 0.4% tannins (2:1 condensed:hydrolyzable). Grazing occurred during four 15-day periods (July– September) across two years. Data were analyzed with mixed-effects models. Tannins did not alter biomass removal or cow weight loss (p \u3e 0.05). However, TT cows exhibited longer evening grazing (2.9 vs. 2.1 h), fewer standing-to-lying transitions (5.7% vs. 7.3%), and more even spatial grazing distribution (CV = 1.861 vs. 2.13; p \u3c 0.05), and greater water consumption (147 vs. 121 L/day; p \u3c 0.01). Average daily gain of calves was numerically greater in TT compared to Ctrl (1.03 vs. 0.93 kg/day; p = 0.27). Collectively, these shifts promoted by tannins point to enhanced evening intake opportunities and reduced patch overuse, outcomes consistent with improved welfare and more uniform pasture utilization two pillars of sustainable grazing. Increased water demand under tannins highlights a management consideration for arid systems. Overall, moderate tannin inclusion was compatible with sustainable grazing by promoting even pasture use and potentially improving nutrient use efficiency without compromising intake
Sensory Processing Differences in Misophonia: Assessing Sensory Sensitivities Beyond Auditory Triggers
No full textMisophonia is characterized by decreased tolerance to specific sounds, often evoking intense emotional responses. While typically conceptualized as a sensitivity to auditory triggers, emerging evidence suggests that individuals with misophonia may also experience broader sensory processing differences. This study examined sensory profiles in adults with clinically significant misophonia (n = 60) compared to age and gender matched controls, who did not possess measurable misophonia traits (n = 60). Participants completed standardized measures of sensory processing and misophonia severity. Compared to controls, individuals with misophonia reported significantly greater sensory sensitivity and avoidance, and lower sensory seeking. No group difference was observed for low sensory registration, a pattern of sensory processing characterized by reduced awareness or response to sensory input. Within the misophonia group, 80% endorsed sensitivity in at least one non-auditory sensory domain—most commonly tactile and olfactory. However, impairment related to these sensitivities was generally low. Misophonia severity was positively associated with sensory sensitivity, avoidance, and impairment related to olfactory and gustatory input. Similar patterns were observed in non-clinical individuals with subthreshold symptoms. These findings suggest that while misophonia may involve broader sensory sensitivity, it is the misophonia-specific auditory sensitivity that remains central to the disorder’s functional impact
Reliability Targeted Snow Loads and Winter Wind Parameters for Locations Outside of the Conterminous United States
No full textThe national building standard ASCE 7 moved to reliability-targeted snow loads (RTSLs) in the 2022 version. This necessitates the development of RTSLs for international locations. This repository contains the data and code needed to produce RTSLs and Winter Wind Parameters for locations outside of the Conterminous United States (OCONUS). It relies on annual maximum snow loads provided in a separate data release (see Brimhall et al. 2025)
Collaborative Research: Evolution of the Tristan-Gough-Walvis Ridge Hotspot System: Age and Composition of Expedition 391/397T Volcanic Basement
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CAREER: Novel Direct Current Power Distribution for Large-scale Electrified Transportation Charging
No full textCollaborative Research: Evolving thicker skin: Understanding how adaptations to a universal trade-off dictate the climate vulnerability and ecology of an imperiled vertebrate clade
No full textSpace Agriculture: A Comprehensive Systems-Level Review of Challenges and Opportunities
No full textAs humanity prepares for prolonged space missions and future extraterrestrial settlements, developing reliable and resilient food-production systems is becoming a critical priority. Space agriculture, the cultivation of plants beyond Earth (particularly on the Moon and Mars), faces a constellation of interdependent environmental, biological, and engineering challenges. These include limited solar radiation, elevated ionizing radiation, large thermal variability, non-Earth atmospheric pressures, reduced gravity, regolith substrates with low nutrient-holding capacity, high-CO2/low-O2 atmospheres, pervasive dust, constrained water and nutrient availability, altered plant physiology, and the overarching need for closed-loop, resource-efficient systems. These stressors create an exceptionally challenging environment for plant growth and require tightly engineered agricultural systems. This review examines these constraints by organizing them across environmental differences, resource limitations, biological adaptation, and operational demands, emphasizing their systemic interdependence and the cascading effects that arise when one subsystem changes. By integrating findings from planetary science, plant biology, space systems engineering, biotechnology, robotics, and controlled-environment agriculture (CEA), the review outlines current limitations and highlights emerging strategies such as regolith utilization, advanced hydroponics, crop selection and genetic engineering, and the use of robotics, sensors, and artificial intelligence (AI) for monitoring and automation. Finally, the article underscores the broader relevance of space–agriculture research for terrestrial food security in extreme or resource-limited environments, providing a structured foundation for designing resilient and sustainable agricultural systems for space exploration and beyond
Agile in Orbit: Enabling Our Mission Partners to Thrive in the Ever-Changing Space Domain
No full textAt SDL, agility is a quality of both our mission approach and our space architecture