Hospital de Santa Maria
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Cúpulas Acetabulares De Dupla Mobilidade Em Artroplastias Primária E De Revisão Da Anca
No full textAs resseções peri-acetabulares e reconstrução subsequente estão entre os procedimentos mais desafiantes na Ortopedia Oncológica. Os autores apresentam 2 casos em que foram aplicadas endopróteses modulares tripolares de reconstrução peri-acetabular com pedestal do ilíaco e os seus resultados clínico-funcionais. Apresenta-se uma mulher de 70 anos com metastização óssea única ao nível do acetábulo esquerdo, com origem primária num tumor papilar do urotélio vesical de alto grau. Entretanto sofreu queda da própria altura, da qual resultou fratura-luxação central patológica da anca esquerda, com lesão lítica acetabular na zona de carga. Foi então submetida a cirurgia de resseção tumoral, com resseção total da zona II (peri-acetábulo) e resseção parcial da zona III (púbis) de Enneking. Aplicou-se uma prótese LUMiC® com pedestal no ilíaco, componente acetabular com rebordo anti-luxante e cúpula de dupla mobilidade. A nível femoral, foi aplicada uma haste de Wagner, com utilização de manga de Trevira para reinserções musculares. Apresenta-se uma jovem do sexo feminino de 26 anos referenciada ao nosso centro por cordoma coccígeo recidivado, com envolvimento de várias estruturas, entre as quais pilar posterior do acetábulo, vértebras sagradas, músculos pélvicos incluindo os glúteos e parede retal. Através de abordagem multi-disciplinar foi submetida a resseção tumoral, com necessidade de osteotomia superior a nível da 2ª vértebra sagrada e de resseção do canal anal e ânus, com realização da respetiva colostomia. Depois da remoção tumoral, foi realizada osteotomia da zona II do acetábulo e reconstrução com prótese de pedestal no ilíaco com componente acetabular com rebordo anti-luxante e cúpula de dupla mobilidade, com haste cimentada a nível femoral. Para encerramento posterior, foi realizada passagem transabdominal de retalho músculo-cutâneo do reto anterior do abdómen. O pós-operatório imediato de ambas as pacientes consistiu inicialmente em repouso no leito em decúbito dorsal, com almofada entre as pernas e tornozelos imobilizados, sendo apenas permitidas semi-lateralizações. Após 4 semanas, a primeira paciente iniciou levante com ortótese anti-abdutora da anca e às 16 semanas fazia marcha autónoma com apoio de canadianas.
Na segunda paciente foi constatada uma dismetria de 3,5cm, pelo que foi necessária osteotomia femoral homolateral de encurtamento para correção. Teve episódios de deiscências de suturas e ao fim de 8 semanas foi realizada a osteotomia. Às 10 semanas iniciou levante e deambulação com andarilho/canadianas, sem queixas dolorosas relevantes. A resseção e reconstrução acetabular são das cirurgias mais desafiantes a nível da Ortopedia Oncológica. A anatomia complexa, dimensão tumoral e proximidade a estruturas neuro-vascular major leva a que muitas vezes seja difícil de conseguir margens de resseção adequadas. Em segundo lugar, a reconstrução de um membro funcional e indolor é cirurgicamente exigente devido à extensão da resseção e à biomecânica complexa a restaurar. Por outro lado, as reconstruções deste calibre estão associadas a risco elevado de infeção, chegando a 40% em alguns relatos. Os autores apresentam 2 casos clínicos em que a reconstrução peri-acetabular com recurso a endoprótese com pedestal no ilíaco permitiu excelentes resultados clínico-funcionais, apesar de extensa resseção (zonas II e III). Como complicações apenas se verificou dismetria acentuada do membro. Esta complicação foi verificada intra-operatoriamente, no entanto, preferiu-se garantir estabilidade da prótese a nível do ilíaco e posteriormente corrigir a dismetria. As reconstruções acetabulares são cirurgias complexas de elevado risco. O aparecimento de próteses de reconstrução acetabular para grandes defeitos ósseos pós-resseções tumorais, tais como as próteses modulares tripolares com pedestal no ilíaco, e a sua correta aplicação e indicação, permitem obter resultados promissores no tratamento e recuperação funcional capaz destes pacientes
Quantitative evaluation of visual function 12 months after bilateral implantation of a diffractive trifocal IOL
No full textPURPOSE:
To quantitatively evaluate visual function 12 months after bilateral implantation of the Physiol FineVision® trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) and to compare these results with those obtained in the first postoperative month.
METHODS:
In this prospective case series, 20 eyes of 10 consecutive patients were included. Monocular and binocular, uncorrected and corrected visual acuities (distance, near, and intermediate) were measured. Metrovision® was used to test contrast sensitivity under static and dynamic conditions, both in photopic and low-mesopic settings. The same software was used for pupillometry and glare evaluation. Motion, achromatic, and chromatic contrast discrimination were tested using 2 innovative psychophysical tests. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Psychophysical tests were performed 1 month after surgery and repeated 12 months postoperatively.
RESULTS:
Final distance uncorrected visual acuity (VA) was 0.00 ± 0.08 and distance corrected VA was 0.00 ± 0.05 logMAR. Distance corrected near VA was 0.00 ± 0.09 and distance corrected intermediate VA was 0.00 ± 0.06 logMAR. Glare testing, pupillometry, contrast sensitivity, motion, and chromatic and achromatic contrast discrimination did not differ significantly between the first and last visit (p>0.05) or when compared to an age-matched control group (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
The Physiol FineVision® trifocal IOL provided satisfactory full range of vision and quality of vision parameters 12 months after surgery. Visual acuity and psychophysical tests did not vary significantly between the first and last visit
Beyond Maastricht IV: are standard empiric triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori still useful in a South-European country?
No full textBACKGROUND:
Empiric triple treatments for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are increasingly unsuccessful. We evaluated factors associated with failure of these treatments in the central region of Portugal.
METHODS:
This single-center, prospective study included 154 patients with positive (13)C-urea breath test (UBT). Patients with no previous H. pylori treatments (Group A, n = 103) received pantoprazole 40 mg 2×/day, amoxicillin 1000 mg 12/12 h and clarithromycin (CLARI) 500 mg 12/12 h, for 14 days. Patients with previous failed treatments (Group B, n = 51) and no history of levofloxacin (LVX) consumption were prescribed pantoprazole 40 mg 2×/day, amoxicillin 1000 mg 12/12 h and LVX 250 mg 12/12 h, for 10 days. H. pylori eradication was assessed by UBT 6-10 weeks after treatment. Compliance and adverse events were assessed by verbal and written questionnaires. Risk factors for eradication failure were determined by multivariate analysis.
RESULTS:
Intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were Group A: 68.9% (95% CI: 59.4-77.1%) and 68.8% (95% CI: 58.9-77.2%); Group B: 52.9% (95% CI: 39.5-66%) and 55.1% (95% CI: 41.3-68.2%), with 43.7% of Group A and 31.4% of Group B reporting adverse events. Main risk factors for failure were H. pylori resistance to CLARI and LVX in Groups A and B, respectively. Another independent risk factor in Group A was history of frequent infections (OR = 4.24; 95% CI 1.04-17.24). For patients with no H. pylori resistance to CLARI, a history of frequent infections (OR = 4.76; 95% CI 1.24-18.27) and active tobacco consumption (OR = 5.25; 95% CI 1.22-22.69) were also associated with eradication failure.
CONCLUSIONS:
Empiric first and second-line triple treatments have unacceptable eradication rates in the central region of Portugal and cannot be used, according to Maastricht recommendations. Even for cases with no H. pylori resistance to the used antibiotics, results were unacceptable and, at least for CLARI, are influenced by history of frequent infections and tobacco consumption.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Surgical Treatment of Posterior Mitral Valve Prolapse: Towards 100% Repair
No full textBACKGROUND:
The study aim was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment of isolated posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse (PLP), focusing on survival and freedom from recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR).
METHODS:
Between January 1998 and December 2012, a total of 492 consecutive patients (375 males, 117 females; mean age 61.8 ± 12.1 years; range: 13-86 years) with isolated PLP [304 (61.8%) with myxomatous degeneration; 188 (38.2%) with fibroelastic deficiency] were treated at the authors' institution. Of these patients, 202 (41.1%) were in NYHA class III-IV, and atrial fibrillation was present in 104 (21.1%). Mitral valve repair was achieved in 484 patients (98.4%), resection was performed in 419 (85.2%), and prosthetic ring annuloplasty was used in 436 (88.6%). Concomitant procedures were performed in 153 patients (31.1%), including tricuspid valve repair in 50 (10.2%), aortic valve surgery in 34 (6.9%), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 64 (13%).
RESULTS:
The hospital mortality rate was 0.2%, and the mean follow up was 7.1 ± 3.9 years. There were 71 late deaths (14.4%), and overall survival at five, 10 and 15 years was 91.7 ± 1.3%, 82.1 ± 2.3% and 64.7 ± 6.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in long-term survival compared with the age- and gender-matched general population (p = 0.146). Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard analysis showed older age (HR 1.03 per annum), left ventricular dysfunction (HR 2.44), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.96), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (HR 1.05 per mm) and non-use of prosthetic ring (HR 3.03) as significant predictors of late mortality. Recurrence of moderate or severe MR occurred in 31 patients, six of whom underwent mitral valve reoperation. Predictors of late recurrence of MR were fibroelastic deficiency (HR 2.38), mitral calcification (HR 5.26), posterior leaflet plication (HR 3.58), absence of complete ring annuloplasty (HR 3.84) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure at discharge (HR 1.10 per mmHg). Freedom from mitral valve reoperation at 15 years was 97.4 ± 1.1% CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair in isolated PLP can be achieved in virtually all cases with a very low operative risk and a high durability of repair. Atrial fibrillation or large left ventricles are associated with a poor prognosis. Failure to use a complete ring annuloplasty carries a risk not only for the return of MR but also for survival.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
NMR metabolomics of human lung tumours reveals distinct metabolic signatures for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Get PDFLung tumour subtyping, particularly the distinction between adenocarcinoma (AdC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), is a critical diagnostic requirement. In this work, the metabolic signatures of lung carcinomas were investigated through (1)H NMR metabolomics, with a view to provide additional criteria for improved diagnosis and treatment planning. High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyse matched tumour and adjacent control tissues from 56 patients undergoing surgical excision of primary lung carcinomas. Multivariate modeling allowed tumour and control tissues to be discriminated with high accuracy (97% classification rate), mainly due to significant differences in the levels of 13 metabolites. Notably, the magnitude of those differences were clearly distinct for AdC and SqCC: major alterations in AdC were related to phospholipid metabolism (increased phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine, together with decreased acetate) and protein catabolism (increased peptide moieties), whereas SqCC had stronger glycolytic and glutaminolytic profiles (negatively correlated variations in glucose and lactate and positively correlated increases in glutamate and alanine). Other tumour metabolic features were increased creatine, glutathione, taurine and uridine nucleotides, the first two being especially prominent in SqCC and the latter in AdC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of AdC and SqCC profiles allowed their discrimination with a 94% classification rate, thus showing great potential for aiding lung tumours subtyping. Overall, this study has provided new, clear evidence of distinct metabolic signatures for lung AdC and SqCC, which can potentially impact on diagnosis and provide important leads for future research on novel therapeutic targets or imaging tracers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Psychological factors associated with response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive review of research relating psychological domains with response to therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A holistic approach to the disease was adopted by incorporating not only disease activity but also dimensions of the impact of disease on patients' lives. Psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, is common among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and has a significant negative impact on response to therapy and on patients' abilities to cope with chronic illness. Evidence regarding the influence of positive psychological dimensions such as acceptance, optimism, and adaptive coping strategies is scarce. The mechanisms involved in these interactions are incompletely understood, although changes in neuro-endocrine-immune pathways, which are common to depression and rheumatoid arthritis, seem to play a central role. Indirect psychological influences on therapeutic efficacy and long-term effectiveness include a myriad of factors such as adherence, placebo effects, cognition, coping strategies, and family and social support. Data suggest that recognition and appropriate management of psychological distress may improve response to treatment and significantly reduce disease burden
Cast nephropathy: an extremely rare renal presentation of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia
Get PDFRenal involvement in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is very unusual when compared to multiple myeloma. We report a case of a patient who developed anuric acute kidney injury secondary to cast nephropathy, dependent on high-flux haemodialysis. Complementary study revealed the presence of blood IgM monoclonal gammopathy and a massive bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. There were no osteolytic lesions and no clinical signs/symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome. The diagnosis of WM was established and a dexamethasone plus cyclophosphamide regime was started, in addition to plasmapheresis. The patient partially recovered renal function allowing haemodialysis and plasmapheresis withdrawal. He remained asymptomatic with a good response to chemotherapy and 12 months after his renal function remained stable. This is a rare clinical case in which WM presented as an IgM cast nephropathy, which in turn is an extremely rare renal presentation of this equally rare haematological disorder
Five-year review of an international clinical research-training program
Get PDFThe exponential increase in clinical research has profoundly changed medical sciences. Evidence that has accumulated in the past three decades from clinical trials has led to the proposal that clinical care should not be based solely on clinical expertise and patient values, and should integrate robust data from systematic research. As a consequence, clinical research has become more complex and methods have become more rigorous, and evidence is usually not easily translated into clinical practice. Therefore, the instruction of clinical research methods for scientists and clinicians must adapt to this new reality. To address this challenge, a global distance-learning clinical research-training program was developed, based on collaborative learning, the pedagogical goal of which was to develop critical thinking skills in clinical research. We describe and analyze the challenges and possible solutions of this course after 5 years of experience (2008-2012) with this program. Through evaluation by students and faculty, we identified and reviewed the following challenges of our program: 1) student engagement and motivation, 2) impact of heterogeneous audience on learning, 3) learning in large groups, 4) enhancing group learning, 5) enhancing social presence, 6) dropouts, 7) quality control, and 8) course management. We discuss these issues and potential alternatives with regard to our research and background
Two-year clinical outcome from the Iberian registry patients after left atrial appendage closure
No full textAIMS:
The aim of this study was to observe the percentage of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events over a 2-year follow-up in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) undergoing closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) with an occlusion device. Observed events and CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke history), CHA2DS2-VASc (also adding: vascular disease and sex) and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal liver/renal function, stroke history, bleeding predisposition, labile international normalised ratios, elderly, drugs/alcohol use)-predicted events were compared.
METHODS:
LAA closure with an occlusion device was performed in 167 NVAF patients contraindicated for oral anticoagulants and recruited from 12 hospitals between 2009 and 2013. At least two transoesophageal echocardiograms were performed in the first 6 months postimplantation. Antithrombotics included clopidogrel and aspirin. Patients were monitored for death, stroke, major and relevant bleeding and hospitalisation for concomitant conditions. Mean age was 74.68±8.58, median follow-up was 24 months, 5.38% had intraoperative complications and implantation was successful in 94.6% of subjects. Mortality during follow-up was 10.8%, mostly (9.5%) non-cardiac related. Bleeding occurred in 10.1% of subjects, 5.7% major and 4.4% minor though relevant, and 4.4% suffered stroke. Major bleeding and stroke/transient ischaemic attack events within 2 years (annual event rates, 290 patients/year) were less frequent than expected from CHADS2 (2.4% vs 9.6%), CHA2DS2-VASc (2.4% vs 8.3%) and HAS-BLED (3.1% vs 6.6%) risk scores (p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.047, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS:
LAA closure with an occlusion device in patients contraindicated for oral anticoagulants is a therapeutic option associated with fewer thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events than expected from risk scores, particularly in the second year postimplantation