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Presentation1.pptx
No full textDuring the 1980s the sales and use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) was on the rise. Many people used them for recreation, while others started using them on their ranch or farm for work-related purposes. As a result, morbidity and mortality rates also began to climb. It became apparent that the various tasks which ATVs are used for on ranches or farms created room for concern, and the need for education in making sure that those who are operating them are doing do as safely as possible. Therefore the purpose of this research project was to develop a data collection instrument that would be sent out to ranchers and farmers to determine how ATVs are being used by employee’s ages 14-17 years old on their ranches or farms. The first step to developing the instrument was to find information that would be pertinent to its structure. After some time and thought, my mentors and I decided that the instrument would entail questions pertaining to demographics, the operation on the ranch or farm itself, along with questions about ATV use on the ranch or farm. From there we agreed that we would want to be able to determine from the instrument what age groups are operating ATVs, what size of ATV they are operating, how many hours a day they are operating the ATV, along with whether employees are required to wear personal protective equipment, and if they are using accessories and or attachments with the ATV. Currently the hard copy of the instrument is nearly finished and I have begun the process of implementing some parts of the instrument into a survey program called Qualtrics. One of my mentors, Dr. David White has also sent the instrument to OSU Extension Faculty in Agriculture and Forestry for additional feedback. Once all feedback has been received, the instrument will be revised until it is ready to be fully incorporated into Qualtrics where it will be sent out to ranchers and farmers to complete. Ultimately the data collected from this instrument will be used for youth ages 14-17 who are employed in Oregon’s agricultural industry. Youth are required to complete education, training, and acquire certification so that they can operate tractors and machinery in a safe and responsible manner. In addition to this, the data collected from the instrument will also be used to develop a companion curriculum that will aid in education, training, and certification for youth so that they are equipped to safely and responsibly operate all-terrain vehicles along with other machinery in the agricultural industry as well. Both curriculums developed as a result from the data collected from the instrument will then be used for not only education, but training and certification for youth in a program known as the Oregon Safe Tractor, ATV and Machinery Operation Program.Keywords: ATV usage, Development of an instrument, Oregon's youth, Ranches and farmsKeywords: ATV usage, Development of an instrument, Oregon's youth, Ranches and farm
Focus on forestry ; vol. 9, no. 3 (Fall 1996)
No full textMagazine of the OSU College of Forestry.Keywords: Sam Wheeler, Phil Humphrey, breaking ground, Barbara Gartner, Paul Dunn, Dan Dutton, Scott Reed, Prineville Nine, Terri Hagen, Neva Dunn, Steve Strauss, Logan Norris, Paul Risser, Norman Johnson, Fernhopper, wood composites, Honor Roll, Tom McLain, Susan Stafford, Forestry and Forest Products Manufacturing Research Laboratory, Robert Leichti, Steve Rogel, cross-fertilizatio
Strictly for the Birds? A Note on the Ecosystem Effects of the Collapse of the Pacific Sardine
Full text linkIn the 1950s the Pacific sardine collapsed, and the fishery declined from a historical peak of over 600,000 metric tons in 1936 to less than 100,000 tons after 1951 and was virtually nonexistent for 25 years (1965-90). Despite this, the landings of sardine predators increased after the sardine collapse and fell as the sardine stock recovered. Using an error correction model it is nevertheless possible to identify individual species on which the sardine collapse has a discernible and expected effect. According to this, the landings of seven species (barracuda, bluefin tuna, giant sea bass, sheephead, skipjack tuna, white sea bass, and yellowtail) can be expected to decline with the sardine stock, but the effects are small. It is hypothesized that variations in the sardine stock mainly affects noncommercial predators such as marine mammals and especially sea birds. This poses severe challenges to an ecosystem-based management of the sardine fishery.Keywords: Fisheries Economics, Fishery Management, Environmental, Ecological and Economic Considerations in the Conservation and Management of Forage Fis
SpiroLongTermOutcomesAppendixB.pdf
No full textMost research on military service focuses on its short-term negative consequences, especially the mental and physical injuries of those deployed in warzones. However, studies of long-term outcomes reveal surprisingly positive effects of military service—both those early in adulthood that grow over time and others that can emerge later in life. These multidomain effects have been found in veterans of World War II and the Korean War and are now being seen in veterans of the Vietnam War. Although some are directly attributable to public policies such as the GI Bill, which facilitate educational and economic gains, there are personal developmental gains as well, including autonomy, emotional maturity and resilience, mastery, and leadership skills, that lead to better health and well-being in later life. These long-term effects vary across persons, change over time within persons, and often reflect processes of cumulative advantage and disadvantage. We propose a life-span model of the effects of military service that provides a perspective for probing both long-term positive and negative outcomes for aging veterans. We further explicate the model by focusing on both sociocultural dynamics and individual processes. We identify public-use data that can be examined to evaluate this model, and offer a set of questions that can be used to assess military service. Finally, we outline an agenda for dedicated inquiry into such effects and consider policy implications for the health and well-being of aging veterans in later life.Keywords: Veterans, Mental health, Well-being, Health, ResilienceKeywords: Veterans, Mental health, Well-being, Health, ResilienceKeywords: Veterans, Mental health, Well-being, Health, ResilienceKeywords: Veterans, Mental health, Well-being, Health, Resilienc
Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA
Full text linkTo examine whether stream nitrogen concentrations in forested reference catchments have
changed over time and if patterns were consistent across the USA, we synthesized up to 44 yr
of data collected from 22 catchments at seven USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests.
Trends in stream nitrogen presented high spatial variability both among catchments at a site
and among sites across the USA. We found both increasing and decreasing trends in monthly
flow-weighted stream nitrate and ammonium concentrations. At a subset of the catchments,
we found that the length and period of analysis influenced whether trends were positive,
negative or non-significant. Trends also differed among neighboring catchments within several
Experimental Forests, suggesting the importance of catchment-specific factors in determining
nutrient exports. Over the longest time periods, trends were more consistent among
catchments within sites, although there are fewer long-term records for analysis. These
findings highlight the critical value of long-term, uninterrupted stream chemistry monitoring
at a network of sites across the USA to elucidate patterns of change in nutrient concentrations
at minimally disturbed forested sites.Keywords: forested catchment, nitrate, trends, stream, reference catchments, ammoniumKeywords: forested catchment, nitrate, trends, stream, reference catchments, ammoniu
MaguireChristineForestryInfluenceForestStructure.pdf
No full textIn many regions of the world, forest management has shifted from practices emphasizing timber production to more sustainable harvesting that integrates ecological values, including maintenance of biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and ecological goods and services. To this end, management strategies emphasize retention of stand structures that meet the needs of forest-obligate wildlife species and enhance connectivity across landscapes. However, little is known about the effects on arboreal rodents of varying the amount or spatial distribution of retained structures. We quantified the responses of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) to retention harvests of varying levels (15%, 40%, 75%, and 100% of original basal area) and spatial patterns (trees uniformly dispersed vs. aggregated in 1-ha patches), using six experimental treatments replicated at three locations in southwestern Oregon and Washington. Relative abundance of northern flying squirrels decreased following harvest; minimum number of squirrels known alive (MNKA) in the control (100%) and 75% retention treatment was significantly higher than in the 15% or 40% treatments. In mixed-effects regression models, MNKA increased with treatment-unit basal area and amount of surrounding mature (>80-year-old) forest, suggesting that squirrel abundance was influenced by local structure and landscape-scale variables. However, only basal area contributed to best-fit models of reproductive female abundance. Our results suggest a threshold response of northern flying squirrels to green-tree retention somewhere between 40% and 75% that is likely to be influenced by the spatial pattern of retention and landscape context. This study underscores previous conclusions that northern flying squirrels are sensitive to logging at both local and larger landscape scales, and demonstrates the current minimum retention standard of 15% will not provide suitable habitat for this species
Covariant Derivatives on Null Submanifolds
Full text linkThe degenerate nature of the metric on null hypersurfaces makes it difficult to define a covariant derivative on null submanifolds. Recent approaches using decomposition to define a covariant derivative on null hypersurfaces are investigated, with examples demonstrating the limitations of the methods. Motivated by Geroch’s work on asymptotically flat spacetimes, conformal transformations are used to construct a covariant derivative on null hypersurfaces, and a condition on the Ricci tensor is given to determine when this construction can be used. Several examples are given, including the construction of a covariant derivative operator for the class of spherically symmetric hypersurfaces.Keywords: Null hypersurfaces, Asymptotically flat spacetime, Covariant derivative, Conformal transformation, Null submanifolds, Killing normal vectorKeywords: Null hypersurfaces, Asymptotically flat spacetime, Covariant derivative, Conformal transformation, Null submanifolds, Killing normal vecto
Consumer Preferences for Seafood Information Attributes
Full text linkChanges in consumer preferences have created an opportunity for developing differentiated and higher valued seafood products. Providing consumers with more information about seafood products at the time of purchase has been suggested as a way of differentiating seafood and promoting healthy fisheries. A discrete choice experiment conducted at high-end grocery stores in Portland, Oregon investigated consumer preferences for information about the quality, safety, origin and environmentally friendliness of seafood they consume. Results show that "Sustainability Certification" was the most important information attribute influencing purchasing decisions, closely followed by "Locally Harvested by Oregonians". Also, significant relationships are identified between the information attributes and respondent characteristics. Overall, the study indicates an opportunity for local fishermen and the seafood industry to further develop "local" brands while continuing the effort to market "eco-friendly" seafood choices.Keywords: Consumer preferences, Eco-friendly seafood, Seafood industry, Seafood products, Portland, Oregon, Sustainability, Local brands, Healthy fisheries, Seafood information attributes, Fisheries Economic
PrahlFredrickCEOASCo-variationCrenarchaeolBranched(Figures1-5).pdf
No full textTwo major types of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are commonly
used in paleoecological and paleoclimatological reconstructions: isoprenoidal and
branched GDGTs. In aquatic environments, it was originally assumed that isoprenoidal
GDGTs, especially crenarchaeol, derive mainly from aquatic Thaumarchaeota, whilst
branched GDGTs are an allochthonous input derived from soil Bacteria. Recently,
direct co-variation of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs has been described in two
marine sedimentary records, and this observation suggests in situ production of
branched GDGTs is possible at least in some aquatic environments. After investigating
30 published and unpublished data sets from downcore and surface sediments as well as
sediment traps from 19 distinct regions around the world, we found a widespread
significant correlation between concentrations of branched GDGTs and crenarchaeol
(p<0.01; r²=0.57-0.99), even when normalized against TOC, where available. These
data sets include freshwater and marine environments with varying distances from the
shore, varying redox conditions and different terrestrial matter input pathways. Our
findings from this large-scale data set suggest that a common or mixed source for both
GDGT types is actually commonplace in lacustrine and marine settings
MariasDanielleForestryDynamicsLeafWater.pdf
No full textBecause iso- and anisohydric species differ in stomatal regulation
of the rate and magnitude of fluctuations in shoot
water potential, they may be expected to show differences in
the plasticity of their shoot water relations components, but
explicit comparisons of this nature have rarely been made.
We subjected excised shoots of co-occurring anisohydric
Juniperus monosperma and isohydric Pinus edulis to
pressure-volume analysis with and without prior artificial
rehydration. In J. monosperma, the shoot water potential at
turgor loss (Ψ[subscript TLP]) ranged from −3.4 MPa in artificially
rehydrated shoots to −6.6 MPa in shoots with an initial Ψ of
−5.5 MPa, whereas in P. edulis mean Ψ[subscript TLP] remained at ∼−3.0 MPa over a range of initial Ψ from −0.1 to −2.3 MPa.The
shoot osmotic potential at full turgor and the bulk modulus
of elasticity also declined sharply with shoot Ψ in
J. monosperma, but not in P. edulis. The contrasting behaviour
of J. monosperma and P. edulis reflects differences in
their capacity for homeostatic regulation of turgor that may
be representative of aniso- and isohydric species in general,
and may also be associated with the greater capacity of
J. monosperma to withstand severe drought.Keywords: anisohydry, isohydry, osmotic potential, drought, turgorKeywords: anisohydry, isohydry, osmotic potential, drought, turgo