79717 research outputs found
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Comparative Analysis of Visualization Techniques from 2D to 4D for Hyperparameter Tuning
No full textHyperparameter tuning is essential for optimizing the performance of a convolutional neural network model. However, it is a time-consuming process that requires significant expertise to effectively navigate the multi-dimensional nature of tuning results. Visualizations play a vital role in this process, aiding in the selection of hyperparameter configurations that enhance model performance. Currently, the most commonly used visualization technique is the parallel coordinate plot (PCP), but its 2D nature limits its ability to demonstrate the combined effects of hyperparameters. This article compares various existing visualization techniques, including 2D PCPs, 3D coordinate plots, and 4D hypercube plots, to evaluate their effectiveness in visualizing hyperparameter tuning results. These techniques are assessed based on their ability to identify optimal configurations and ranges, as well as to illustrate the relationships between individual and multiple hyperparameters and model performance. The study finds that higher-dimensional visualization techniques more effectively reveal the combined effects of hyperparameters on model performance. However, they also present challenges in observing the impact of individual hyperparameters and demand a higher cognitive load for interpretation. The results underscore the need for developing new visualization methods that can balance dimensional complexity with readability and interpretability to guide the selection of optimal hyperparameter configurations.Key Words: Data Visualization, Hyperparameter Tuning, Multi-dimensional data analysis, Convolutional Neural Networ
Developing a Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Fingerprinting Set to Characterize the NCGR Ribes Collection
No full textThe US Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon, preserves a diverse Ribes (currants and gooseberries) germplasm collection of more than 1,100 accessions from 41 countries. The collection consists of 371 cultivars and advanced selections of 44 species and 8 subspecies. Ribes accessions are maintained as field-grown plants, in pots in screenhouses, and as seeds of wild relatives. The objective of this study was to develop a multiplexed Ribes single sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting set of long-core repeats to develop baseline genetic profiles for the Ribes collection. Thirteen published SSRs that appeared polymorphic in at least two Ribes species were evaluated in a testing panel of 12 accessions representing R. aureum, R. nigrum, R. uva-crispa, R. spicatum, R. petraeum, and R. × nidigrolaria. Seven primer pairs that amplified and were polymorphic across the tested species were multiplexed and their concentration optimized in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This 7-SSR fingerprinting set was used to genotype 69 plants representing 53 accessions from the NCGR collection. The results identified two potential synonyms and 13 cultivated genotypes with the same name from different sources; five cultivars with the same name but with different alleles at one or more SSR locus; two genotypes with different names but the same fingerprint; two unknown accessions; and differences among suspected synonyms. This fingerprinting set accurately separated species and will provide another tool to better manage the botanical and horticultural identity of Ribes germplasm collections.Keywords: currants, gooseberries, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), synonyms, homonym
All Work and No Play: Student Employment, Stress, and Coping
No full textCollege students have reported increased levels of financial difficulties in the past decade and are working part or full time to afford tuition and cost of living. I explored the factors associated with working students' experiences of stress, also testing if they experience more stress than non-working students, and if so, what factors may accentuate or alleviate the stress. Participants (N = 156) responded to survey questions about their participation in paid work and financial status, and completed measures of social support, job demands, job control, stress, quality of life, and resilience. Correlational analyses showed significant relationships between the main variables as predicted. Analyses of variance showed no significant differences in levels of stress and quality of life between working and nonworking students. Multiple regression analyses showed negative coping, resilience, and neuroticism significantly predicted stress in working students. Number of hours worked did not predict stress or quality of life, suggesting that other factors need to be explored.Keywords: Student employment, stress, quality of lif
Impacts of Ocean Acidification and Warming on the Growth and Development of Oregon Pink Shrimp (Pandalus jordani) Larvae
No full textAnthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are causing ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming, which have negative effects on the larvae of many marine invertebrates. Oregon pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) currently encounter upwelling events that can result in pH values as low as 7.6, and, more recently, marine heat waves that raise sea surface temperatures by 2-4 °C. As climate change intensifies OA and warming, pink shrimp larvae will experience more frequent and intense exposure to potentially adverse conditions. We conducted laboratory experiments in 2018 and 2019 to determine the effects of acidification and a combination of acidification and warming on larval P. jordani, respectively. In 2018, P. jordani larvae were exposed to pHNBS 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, and 8.0 at 11°C. In 2019, we utilized a fully factorial experiment with four pH levels (pH 7.6, 7.8, 8.0, 8.2) and three temperatures (8°, 11°, 14 °C). Larval growth rates from 2018 decreased 16% from the highest to lowest pH treatments. In 2019, there was no significant effect of pH, temperature, or the interaction of OA and warming on growth rate. Connectivity issues and difficulties with calibration of the feedback controller in 2019 led to high fluctuation of the pH treatments away from their intended targets. Despite this, there was 100% mortality in the 14 °C treatment, suggesting a greater impact of temperature than pH, especially within the upper range of pink shrimp thermal tolerance. Respiration rate increased significantly with temperature, however larvae reared in the highest temperature treatment exhibited low growth rates, indicating increased temperature resulted in a shift in energy consumption toward maintenance costs. Our findings demonstrate the potential effects of OA and warming on larval growth and a pronounced negative impact of warming on larval survivorship. Under projected intensification of upwelling and increased prevalence of marine heat waves in the California Current System, P. jordani larvae may experience an increase in maintenance costs inducing reductions in growth as well as decreased survivorship and reduced recruitment. The P. jordani fishery is Oregon’s second most profitable fishery. For this reason, it is crucial that we form a better understanding of how P. jordani larvae may respond to ongoing OA and ocean warming
Hands on the Land, Eyes on Acres: Range Riding in the 21st Century in Montana
No full textHuman-wildlife conflict often arises due to predator-livestock interactions. Federal and state agencies, conservation organizations, local collaboratives, and producers are increasingly seeking nonlethal conflict reduction tools to mitigate predator-livestock conflict. One such tool is range riding, which involves increasing human presence on the landscape. Range riding is poorly defined in scientific literature and often takes on different meanings on the ground, involving the use of one or more tools and practices to reduce predator-livestock conflict depending on social and ecological context. In this study, I aimed to better understand what range riding is today, how range riding programs function, and the needs of programs moving forward. To explore these topics, I conducted document analysis on grey literature, Montana and federal agency websites, and state law and conducted semi-structured Zoom and in person interviews with seven range riders from three programs across western Montana during the fall of 2023. From the qualitative interviews, I found there were two main goals articulated by range riders: 1) to reduce predator-livestock conflict, and 2) to support producers to maintain the economic viability of ranches, but what this looked like on the ground varied by program and context. Interviewees consistently highlighted that the practices used depend on terrain, predator density or composition, and program focus and capacity. Range rider responsibilities vary from checking cattle, to finding carcasses, to tracking predators, to communicating with producers. One way range riders described supporting producers was with increased communication among producers, wildlife managers, and other stakeholders. Interviewees highlighted the challenge of demonstrating that range riding is effective, in addition to other challenges stemming from i) social dynamics, ii) hiring issues, iii) logistics, and iv) funding. Despite both federal and state grant programs for nonlethal conflict reduction tools, some program coordinators highlighted the difficulty of finding long-term funding. Range riders had mixed views on the outlook of these programs, with some believing in their long-term feasibility while others were concerned about the viability of providing externally-funded range riders into the future. This study provides insight on the definition, practices, opportunities, and challenges of range riding programs for reducing predator-livestock conflict in the West
Northern Yellowstone aspen sapling data collected 2020-2021
No full textA table containing data from random sampling plots in 87 randomly located aspen stands in northern Yellowstone, repeating measurements by Painter et al. (2014). Stands were relocated using GPS coordinates from 2012. Each stand contained one plot 2x30 m, extending from the live, dead or fallen tree nearest the GPS location towards the centroid of the stand. Data include number of saplings (>2 m tall and <=5 cm dbh), number of broken saplings (.2 cm diameter at 0.5 m height) and stripped, girdled saplings. Also included are fecal pile densities of bison and elk counted in two 2x50 m plots adjacent to and about 10 m from the stand, in xeric grassland or forest edge substrate. Mesic meadows or wet locations were avoided due to low likelihood of scat detection. Scat plots were not placed within the aspen stands for the same reason, many were wet or dense with vegetation so fecal piles are unlikely to persist or be detected.
Painter, L.E.; R.L. Beschta; E.J. Larsen; and W.J. Ripple. 2014. After long-term decline, are aspen recovering in northern Yellowstone? Forest Ecology and Management 329:108-117 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.055
Creation of a Children’s Book to Alleviate Fear of Chemotherapy for Children Ages 5-8
No full textThe concepts of cancer and chemotherapy are not unheard of to children, but are often scary and confusing. This paper addresses the need for children’s books on difficult concepts (such as cancer), the creation of a script for a children’s book explaining chemotherapy on a cellular level, the creation of the matching illustrations, and the challenges and research associated with these processes. Additionally, it discusses future directions for similar projects, and potential research in similar areas. Overall, it discusses and analyzes the process of creating a children’s book about chemotherapy, as well as explaining the logic behind each decision.Keywords: Children’s Book, Cancer, Chemotherapy, Character, Treatmen
Assessing the Influence of Mechanical Thinning, Mastication, and Prescribed Fire on Wildfire Dynamics in the Stanislaus National Forest’s Hemlock Sale Area
No full textThis study explores the impacts of three forest management strategies—mechanical thinning from below, mastication, and prescribed burns—on wildfire dynamics within the Stanislaus National Forest's Hemlock Sale Area, focusing on fire behavior and tree mortality. Using data simulated through the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), the research compares outcomes from seven types of treatment across three forest stands to determine how these management interventions influence fire dynamics. As expected, untreated stands consistently exhibit the highest levels of tree mortality and fuel consumption. Conversely, stands subjected to management strategies such as thinning and prescribed burns showed significantly reduced levels of basal area killed and volume killed, along with lower percentages of the surface layer consumed by fire. The study found that combinations of thinning, mastication, and prescribed burns yield up to 97.97% reductions in flame length and 99.91% reductions in scorch height, suggesting these methods are greatly efficient in reducing potential fire intensity. Specific outcomes of these treatments can vary depending on the stand's initial conditions and structural characteristics, with stands like Stand 3, which had high initial fuel loads, benefiting the most from integrated treatments. These results advise that mixed-age and high-density stands should be treated with a combination of thinning, mastication, and prescribed burns and for young forests with low ground fuels to be primarily treated with thinning. If resources are limited, thinning alone stands out as the most effective treatment to reduce tree density and fire risk. These recommendations should be adapted based on local conditions
Focus ; Spring 2023
No full textThe magazine of the OSU College of Forestry. FOCUS is published by Oregon State University College of Forestry to keep alumni, friends, faculty, staff and students informed about the college and its many events, activities and programs
Multiracial Identity Development: Parental Transmission, Belonging and Mental Health
No full textThe present study explores the topic of Multiracial Identity Development and how parents play an important role in the identity development of children. The role of parents becomes crucial for parents of Multiracial children as they transmit cultural values, beliefs, language, and practices. Although models of racial identity development exist, many are focused on White biracials, and as a result, the nuances of other minoritized mixes are lost. Overall, the literature around Multiculturalism/Multiracialism is often viewed as sharing culture with “whiteness” and ignores the experiences of balancing non-white American cultures. There were three aims to this study: (1) Language and proximity to family are the main ways of cultural transmission, (2) Parental family enculturation may result in better mental health, critical consciousness, and belonging outcomes, and (3) Marginalized experiences can exacerbate psychological distress. For this study, participants (N = 83) completed an extensive questionnaire assessing racial and ethnic identity, along with scales that measured language transmission, proximity to family, mental health symptoms, critical consciousness, and sense of belongingness. The data revealed some patterns in the role of language and proximity to family in cultural transmission. Significant correlations between parental family enculturation and enhanced mental health, heightened critical consciousness, and stronger feelings of belonging. Lastly, the data suggested no differences in mental health outcomes between White vs. Ethnic Dominant Multiracial racial groups. However, due to missing scales and measures, the results of the data are limited. This research ultimately highlights the complexity and nuances behind Multiracial identity development, urging the importance of studying the understudied group of Multiracial individuals.Keywords: Multiracial, Multicultural, Identity Development, Belonging, Minority