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Life history, habits, and control of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella, Hbn., order Lepidoptera, family Pyralidae
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Discrete Choice Modeling of Landings Locations
No full textInterest in sustainable fishing communities suggests the need to understand fishermen’s decisions about where to land fish. In this paper, we apply techniques used extensively to analyze fishing location choices to study landings location choices. We analyze detailed microdata from Norwegian groundfish vessels that land fish in fourteen different ports in Norway’s northernmost region of Finmark. We find that insights from the fishing location choice literature are relevant but do not translate perfectly to the landing location. As in fishing location choice, vessels are responsive to travel distance. However, fish stocks in the water are far more dynamic than changes in market opportunities on land. As a result, we find little evidence that measures of expected revenues drive behavior. The discrete choice models appear to parallel the fishing location choice models when run naively with simple backward looking averages of port-level revenues. But when state dependence (the tendency to return to the same location) is accounted for, the significance on expected revenue evaporates. A high percentage of vessels in our sample always land in the same port, and many of these always deliver to the same processor. We are currently in the process of splitting the sample and treating port switchers as arbitrageurs. This analysis will allow us to see if port switchers are responsive to changing economic opportunities over space.Keywords: Fishing Communities—Social and Economic Aspects, Fisheries Economics, Fishing and CommunitiesKeywords: Fishing Communities—Social and Economic Aspects, Fisheries Economics, Fishing and Communitie
ValentineBethVeterinaryMedicineAnaplasticMalignantMelanoma(Figure2).jpg
No full textInformation regarding signalment, clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of 5 previously reported cases of anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non-grey horses and of 5 additional cases are summarized. Age was recorded for 9 horses and mean age was 16 years, range 8 to 23 years. Gender was recorded for 8 horses and 6 of these 8 horses were male horses over 14 years of age. The most common coat colour was bay (6 horses). Other coat colours were palomino (1 horse), chestnut (1 horse), and black (1 horse); coat colour of 1 non-grey horse was not specified. Follow up information was available for 9 horses and only 1 horse, a palomino, survived more than 10 months following diagnosis and tail amputation. Surgical excision, including tail amputation and medical therapy with oral cimetidine, was not effective in non-grey, non-palomino horses. Tumour recurred on tail tissue remaining after amputation in 2 horses, widespread metastases were documented in 4 cases, and metastasis was suspected at the time of death or euthanasia in 3 cases, including 1 case with amputation site regrowth. No subjective histopathologic differences were detected in the palomino that survived as compared to horses of other coat colours. Findings suggest that anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in bay, chestnut, and black horses is most often a very aggressive neoplasm, but that there are rare exceptions.Keywords: neoplasia, malignant melanoma, horseKeywords: neoplasia, malignant melanoma, horseKeywords: neoplasia, malignant melanoma, horseKeywords: neoplasia, malignant melanoma, hors
Pseudoprogression of Glioblastoma after Chemo- and Radiation Therapy: Diagnosis by Using Dynamic Susceptibilityweighted Contrast-enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging with Ferumoxytol versus Gadoteridol and Correlation with Survival
No full textThis file has been removed from the repository due to a DMCA Takedown Notice.- - - -[Purpose]
To compare gadoteridol and ferumoxytol for measurement of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who showed progressive disease at conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after chemo- and radiation therapy (hereafter, chemoradiotherapy) and to correlate rCBV with survival.
[Materials and Methods]
Informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment in one of four institutional review board–approved protocols. Contrast agent leakage maps and rCBV were derived from perfusion MR imaging with gadoteridol and ferumoxytol in 19 patients with apparently progressive GBM on conventional MR images after chemoradiotherapy. Patients were classified as having high rCBV (>1.75), indicating tumor, and low rCBV (≤1.75), indicating pseudoprogression, for each contrast agent separately, and with or without contrast agent leakage correction for imaging with gadoteridol. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier survival plots with the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models.
[Results]
With ferumoxytol, rCBV was low in nine (47%) patients, with median overall survival (mOS) of 591 days, and high rCBV in 10 (53%) patients, with mOS of 163 days. A hazard ratio of 0.098 (P = .004) indicated significantly improved survival. With gadoteridol, rCBV was low in 14 (74%) patients, with mOS of 474 days, and high in five (26%), with mOS of 156 days and a nonsignificant hazard ratio of 0.339 (P = .093). Five patients with mismatched high rCBV with ferumoxytol and low rCBV with gadoteridol had an mOS of 171 days. When leakage correction was applied, rCBV with gadoteridol was significantly associated with survival (hazard ratio, 0.12; P = .003).
[Conclusion]
Ferumoxytol as a blood pool agent facilitates differentiation between tumor progression and pseudoprogression, appears to be a good prognostic biomarker, and unlike gadoteridol, does not require contrast agent leakage correction.Keywords: Cerebral blood volume, Predict, Pseudo progression, Tumor progression, Brain tumors, High grade gliomas, Concomitant radiochemotherapy, Temozolomide, Central nervous system, Malignant gliomaKeywords: Cerebral blood volume, Predict, Pseudo progression, Tumor progression, Brain tumors, High grade gliomas, Concomitant radiochemotherapy, Temozolomide, Central nervous system, Malignant gliom
The Diurnal Cycle of Cloud-Top Height and Cloud Cover over the Southeastern Pacific as Observed by GOES-10
Get PDFThe diurnal cycles in cloud-top height H[subscript top] and cloud fraction (CF) in the southeastern Pacific stratocumulus region were determined for October-November 2008 by analyzing data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-10 (GOES-10) according to a diurnal/semidiurnal harmonic fitting technique. The value of H[subscript top] was obtained by applying a formula based on a linear regression of the differences between GOES-10 cloud-top temperature and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) satellite sea surface temperature, with a common 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees spatial resolution. A satellite liquid water path (LWP) climatology complemented this dataset.
Southwestward transects of H[subscript top] and LWP anomalies reveal a coherent propagating signal from the coast in the afternoon, with a typical phase speed of 25 m s⁻¹. This pattern is preceded by a subsidence wave that reaches its peak a few hours before the maximum in H[subscript top] and LWP anomalies. Coincident increases in LWP and H[subscript top] after the subsidence wave passes suggest that the boundary layer deepening promotes cloud thickening and increased LWP, which are likely maintained through a well-mixed boundary layer and sufficient moisture fluxes that can counteract the effect of dry air entrainment. The interference between the radiatively and subsidence wave-driven cycles gives rise to a semidiurnal cycle in H[subscript top] along the coast. While the semidiurnal amplitude is near 80 m close to the coast with a fraction of explained variance greater than 0.4, it decreases to 30 m offshore (80° W). Similar to H[subscript top], CF also exhibits contrasting zonal differences, but with a smaller semidiurnal component. The phase of the semidiurnal harmonic resembles the subsidence propagation westward, and the noticeable land-sea breeze circulation at 26 degrees S that extends 200 km offshore.Keywords: Cloud retrieval, Diurnal effects, Remote sensing, Cloud coverKeywords: Cloud retrieval, Diurnal effects, Remote sensing, Cloud cove
Comparing Vegetation and Soils of Remnant and Restored Wetland Prairies in the Northern Willamette Valley
Get PDFMost of the native wetland prairies once found in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA have been converted to agriculture, developed, or altered by disturbance and cessation of burning, especially in the northern portion of the valley. Mitigation efforts by Portland Metro and the NRCS have resulted in restoration of several wetland prairies, and the need for research to help assess restoration success. Here, data on vegetation and soils from three remnant wetland prairies and three restored wetland prairies in the northern Willamette Valley were analyzed to investigate whether differences among sites are related to site characteristics or management. Vascular plant species presence and percent cover data were collected from three 10 m x 10 m plots randomly located within study sites. Soil samples were collected adjacent to these plots and from nearby agricultural sites and analyzed for organic matter, moisture content, pH, and soil texture. Multivariate ordination techniques and ANOVA were used to assess differences among sites. Native species cover was higher in restorations than remnants, although remnant and restored sites did not differ in native species richness. However, NMS ordination distinguished restorations from remnants. Species such as Deschampsia cespitosa, Carex densa, Juncus tenuis and Holcus lanatus were associated with remnants, whereas Anthemis cotula, Agrostis exarata, Plagiobothrys scouleri and Veronica perigrina were associated with restorations. Soil moisture and organic matter are positively correlated with remnant status, while management attributes such as herbicide use, mowing, and cultivation of “clean crops” prior to restoration are correlated with vegetation assemblages of restorations. While some restoration goals are being met within a decade of restoration, plant communities in restorations differ from those of wetland prairie remnants.Keywords: Wetland restoration, Ecosystem services, Deschampsia cespitosaKeywords: Wetland restoration, Ecosystem services, Deschampsia cespitos
WallaceZacharyFishWildlifeHumanMadeStructures.pdf
No full textStudies of anthropogenic impacts on wildlife may produce inconclusive or biased results if they
fail to account for natural sources of variation in breeding performance and do not use probabilistic sampling
at a scale functional for management. We used stratified random sampling and generalized linear mixed
models to test hypotheses on relationships of daily nest survival rate (DSR) and fledgling production with
anthropogenic and environmental factors that influence reproduction in the ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis).
We conducted the study across ferruginous hawk range in Wyoming, USA, 2010–2012. We performed
extensive field surveys of prey, vegetation, and nest substrates, and used spatially explicit data to quantify
weather, and the most widespread forms of anthropogenic infrastructure (i.e., roads, oil and gas well pads) in
ferruginous hawk territories. We found strong evidence that DSR and productivity were greater for nests on
anthropogenic structures (i.e., artificial nest platforms, gas condensation tanks, abandoned windmill
platforms, power poles) compared to natural substrates (i.e., trees, cliffs, rock outcrops). Additionally,
ferruginous hawks produced more fledglings at territories with greater shrub cover and fewer severe storms
during the June brood-rearing period. Amount of oil and gas development and prey was not associated with
either measure of breeding performance. Our results suggest that artificial nest platforms are an effective tool
to improve breeding success of ferruginous hawks and nesting on anthropogenic structures does not
constitute an ecological trap for this species. Although ferruginous hawks nested in some areas with very little
vegetative cover, territories with greater amounts of shrub cover produced more fledglings. The negative
impact of severe spring storms on fledgling production illustrates the importance of including future weather
scenarios in management planning for this species because storms are predicted to increase in frequency and
intensity as a result of climate change.Keywords: prey abundance, oil and gas development, fledgling production, Buteo regalis, anthropogenic infrastructure, ferruginous hawk, nest survival, severe weather, Wyoming, artificial nest platformKeywords: prey abundance, oil and gas development, fledgling production, Buteo regalis, anthropogenic infrastructure, ferruginous hawk, nest survival, severe weather, Wyoming, artificial nest platfor