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Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae)
Get PDFThe phylogeny of ground beetles of supertribe Trechitae is inferred using DNA sequences of genes that code for 28S ribosomal RNA, 18S ribosomal RNA, and wingless. Within the outgroups, austral psydrines are inferred to be monophyletic, and separate from the three genera of true Psydrina (Psydrus, Nomius, Laccocenus); the austral psydrines are formally removed from Psydrini and are treated herein as their own tribe, Moriomorphini Sloane. All three genes place Gehringia with Psydrina. Trechitae is inferred to be monophyletic, and sister to Patrobini.
Within trechites, evidence is presented that Tasmanitachoides is not a tachyine, but is instead a member of Trechini. Perileptus is a member of subtribe Trechodina. Against Erwin’s hypothesis of anillines as a polyphyletic lineage derived from the tachyine genus Paratachys, the anillines sampled are monophyletic, and not related to Paratachys. Zolini, Pogonini, Tachyina, and Xystosomina are all monophyletic, with the latter two being sister groups. The relationships of the subtribe Bembidiina were studied in greater detail. Phrypeus is only distantly related to Bembidion, and there is no evidence from sequence data that it belongs within Bembidiina. Three groups that have been recently considered to be outside of the large genus Bembidion are shown to be derived members of Bembidion, related to subgroups: Cillenus is related to the Ocydromus complex of Bembidion, Zecillenus is related to the New Zealand subgenus Zeplataphus, and Hydrium is close to subgenus Metallina. The relationships among major lineages of Trechitae are not, however, resolved with these data.Keywords: Trechinae, DNA, Trechitae, Carabidae, Bembidiini, Molecular phylogeny, Ground beetle
FäreRolfEconomicsTradablePermitsUnrealized.pdf
No full textWith the advent of tradable permit programs for bad outputs (e.g., SO₂ emissions); concerns arose over whether
the theoretical gains from trade would be realized. We will employ a methodology that calculates the potential
gains accruing to coal-fired electric power plants from implementing a tradable permit program. The magnitude
of the potential gains in a plant's kilowatt hour output from a tradable permit program relative to its observed
production provides insights into the existence of intertemporal allocative inefficiencies and spatial allocative
inefficiencies after the implementation of a tradable permit program.Keywords: Joint production model, Tradable permits, SO₂ emission
Thesis_FO_Gollmann_Draft.pdf
No full textForward osmosis provides a low energy alternative for waste water purification. One of the major issues facing this process is the formation of a foulant layer preventing fluid transfer across the membrane. In recent studies, a conductive layer added to the membrane surface allowing an electric charge to be present on the membrane, has been shown to decrease the rate of mineral fouling in reverse osmosis membranes. Through the application of a conductive layer made of carbon nanotubes on Hydration Technology Innovations, LLC. thin film composite membrane, the applicability of the charged surface and its effects on mineral fouling was explored for forward osmosis membranes. Extensive testing was done by placing both positive and negative charges on the membrane with varying voltage potentials. This method of fouling prevention was found to have little observable effect on the membranes resistance to mineral foulants.Keywords: Charged membrane surface, Forward osmosis, Fouling, Mineral scalin
Maegan Childs URAP Poster Design.pdf
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD or autism) is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social skills, communication and repetitive or restricted interests. Research indicates that young children with autism experience delayed infant motor milestones resulting in deficits of fine and gross motor skills. The purpose of this larger study, in the Children & Youth with Disabilities Lab, is to implement an early intervention for young children with autism using movement-based programming as the primary mode of intervention. Through a randomized control trial of a movement-based program it is hypothesized that children with autism will experience health- related benefits through improvements in motor skills, social communicative skills and physical activity. As a part of this study a number of baseline assessments are being conducted. As a part of my research apprenticeship I have been present for most of these assessments and video taping them. Motor assessment and social assessment scores will be compared to determine if a relationship exists. The Pearson Product Moment will then be used and descriptive statistics, such as the frequency the participants’ age, gender, and IQ score. This study will be the first to explore standardized motor skills compared to motor skills seen in a natural setting for young children with autism.Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, Motor interventio
ChadwickWilliamCEOASGeologicHistorySummit_SupportingInformation.zip
No full textMultibeam (1 m resolution) and side scan data collected from an autonomous underwater vehicle, and
lava samples, radiocarbon-dated sediment cores, and observations of flow contacts collected by remotely
operated vehicle were combined to reconstruct the geologic history and flow emplacement processes on
Axial Seamount’s summit and upper rift zones. The maps show 52 post-410 CE lava flows and 20
precaldera lava flows as old as 31.2 kyr, the inferred age of the caldera. Clastic deposits 1–2 m thick
accumulated on the rims postcaldera. Between 31 ka and 410 CE, there are no known lava flows near the
summit. The oldest postcaldera lava (410 CE) is a pillow cone SE of the caldera. Two flows erupted on
the W rim between ~800 and 1000 CE. From 1220 to 1300 CE, generally small eruptions of plagioclase
phyric, depleted, mafic lava occurred in the central caldera and on the east rim. Larger post-1400 CE
eruptions produced inflated lobate flows of aphyric, less-depleted, and less mafic lava on the upper rift
zones and in the N and S caldera. All caldera floor lava flows, and most uppermost rift zone flows,
postdate 1220 CE. Activity shifted from the central caldera to the upper S rift outside the caldera, to the N rift and caldera floor, and then to the S caldera and uppermost S rift, where two historical eruptions
occurred in 1998 and 2011. The average recurrence interval deduced from the flows erupted over the last
800 years is statistically identical to the 13 year interval between historical eruptions.Keywords: Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Geologic, Lava flows, Mappin
An investigation into the pore-scale mechanisms of capillary trapping : application to geologic CO₂ sequestration
Get PDFGeologic CO₂ sequestration is a climate change mitigation strategy that prevents CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere by capturing CO₂ gasses from large point source emissions streams and then pressurizing and pumping the supercritical-state CO₂ into underground geologic storage reservoirs. Once underground, CO₂ is prevented from buoyant migration to the surface by various trapping mechanisms, one of which is capillary trapping. Capillary trapping is a secure trapping mechanism that immobilizes CO₂ on relatively short timescales; accurate prediction and optimization of capillary trapping of CO₂ is crucial to ensure the safety and success of a sequestration operation. The research comprising this dissertation utilizes x-ray computed microtomography (x-ray CMT) to allow for three-dimensional (3D) investigation of the main factors influencing nonwetting phase capillary trapping from a pore-scale in-situ perspective. Results from ambient- and supercritical-condition experiments are presented that provide insight as to the controls on capillary trapping during multiphase flow in porous media. The presented findings may be used to help design injection strategies that optimize capillary trapping of CO₂ during sequestration operations and to help develop more accurate predictive transport models.Keywords: CCS, porous media, Carbon capture and storage, Capillary Trapping, topology, wettability, CO2 sequestration, Multiphase flo
Ice in Clouds Experiment—Layer Clouds. Part I: Ice Growth Rates Derived from Lenticular Wave Cloud Penetrations
Get PDFLenticular wave clouds are used as a natural laboratory to estimate the linear and mass growth rates of ice particles at temperatures from -20° to -32°C and to characterize the apparent rate of ice nucleation at water saturation at a nearly constant temperature. Data are acquired from 139 liquid cloud penetrations flown approximately along or against the wind direction. A mean linear ice growth rate of about 1.4 µm s⁻¹, relatively independent of particle size (in the range 100-400 µm) and temperature is deduced. Using the particle size distributions measured along the wind direction, the rate of increase in the ice water content (I WC) is calculated from the measured particle size distributions using theory and from those distributions by assuming different ice particle densities; the IWC is too small to be measured. Very low ice effective densities, <0.1 g cm⁻³, are needed to account for the observed rate of increase in the [WC and the unexpectedly high linear growth rate.
Using data from multiple penetrations through a narrow (along wind) and thin wave cloud with relatively flat airflow streamlines, growth rate calculations are used to estimate where the ice particles originate and whether the ice is nucleated in a narrow band or over an extended period of time. The calculations are consistent with the expectation that the ice formation occurs near the leading cloud edge, presumably through a condensation-freezing process. The observed ice concentration increase along the wind is more likely due to a variation in ice growth rates than to prolonged ice nucleation.Keywords: Probes, Aerosols, Microphysical properties, Nuclei, Cirrus, Liquid water content, Snow crystals, Nucleation, Tunnel, Counterflow virtual impacto
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No full textSubsurface mapping was used to determine the structure andgeologic history of the South Cuyama dome and part of the Russellfault in the South Cuyama oil field area. Deformed Late Cretaceousand or early Tertiary marine strata are unconformably overlain bythe late Oligocene to early Miocene Vaqueros Formation (QuailCanyon Sandstone Member, Soda Lake Shale Member, and Painted RockSandstone Member) northeast of the Russell fault. Rapid subsidenceabruptly downdropped shelf deposits in the transgressive QuailCanyon Sandstone, ending shallow-marine deposition. Warping of theQuail Canyon shelf formed elongate west-northwest-trending submarinetroughs and highs at the same time as the basinal Soda Lake ShaleMember was deposited. Locally, the Soda Lake Shale ponded in topographiclows floored by Quail Canyon Sandstone. In addition, progradingturbidites of the Soda Lake Shale Member and shelf depositsof the Painted Rock Sandstone thinned over the highs, including theproto-South Cuyama dome. Renewed subsidence during the late Saucesianaccompanied deposition of the Saltos Shale Member of the MontereyFormation. Late Saucesian-early Relizian movement along thenortheast-trending Cox normal fault set in part controlled furthergrowth of the proto-South Cuyama dome and thinning of the SaltosShale over structural highs. Shelf and shallow-marine depositsof the Branch Canyon Sandstone and overlying undifferentiatedBranch Canyon Sandstone-Santa Margarita Formation (BCSM) progradedacross the basin during the middle and late Miocene. Major rightslipalong the Russell fault juxtaposed contrasting coeval stratigraphicsections prior to deposition of the Pliocene(?) Morales(?)Formation. Northeast-trending normal faults and northwest-trendingstrike-slip faults formed across the dome during deposition of theBCSM in response to right-lateral wrench faulting on the Russellfault. The Morales(?) Formation conformably overlies the BCSM andprobably represents the transition from marine to nonmarine deposition;the uppermost part possibly includes Pleistocene alluvialdeposits. Right slip along the Russell fault was accompanied byfolding of at least the lowermost Morales(?) into the present-daySouth Cuyama elongate dome subparallel to the Russell fault.Right-stepping en echelon axial culminations on the dome were offset4,500 feet right-laterally by the Russell fault.The south-dipping South Cuyama thrust fault tectonically overrodethe Russell fault, South Cuyama dome, and Pleistocene alluvialdeposits, folding and thrusting Eocene and younger strata of theSierra Madre Mountains northward. The north-dipping Morales faultthrust Paleocene to Miocene strata of the Caliente Range southwardover Pliocene(?)-Pleistocene alluvial deposits during the latePleistocene. Between these two thrust faults is the present-dayCuyama Valley.Structures in the South Cuyama oil field and adjacent areasformed in response to recurrent right-lateral wrench tectonismalong the Russell fault during the middle to late Miocene andpossibly from latest Oligocene to Pliocene time. The complexfaulting and folding associated with wrench tectonism are obscuredby the Pleistocene-Holocene contractile regime.Subsurface mapping was used to determine the structure andgeologic history of the South Cuyama dome and part of the Russellfault in the South Cuyama oil field area. Deformed Late Cretaceousand or early Tertiary marine strata are unconformably overlain bythe late Oligocene to early Miocene Vaqueros Formation (QuailCanyon Sandstone Membe
Forest Service Special Agents, Assistant Special Agents in Charge, Senior Special Agents, and Supervisory Special Agents Report: Nationwide Study
Get PDFThis is the fourth in a series of studies to evaluate perceptions of U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service law enforcement personnel of the roles, responsibilities, and issues related to their jobs. An e-mail survey was administered to the 89 Forest Service special agents, assistant special agents in charge, senior special agents, and supervisory special agents (SAs) across the United States. Seventy completed and returned the questionnaire. Communication with others in the Forest Service was important to the SA respondents, as evidenced by their efforts to communicate at group meetings, and their use of e-mail and the phone. A major concern for the SA respondents was the shortage of SAs and law enforcement officers. Forest Service SA respondents ranked their highest job priorities as protecting National Forest System employees and forest users, followed by protecting forest resources and public property. Nationally, a successful program was characterized as one with sufficient resources that is understood by those engaged in or affected by the program.Keywords: crime and violence, successful management, law enforcement, forest visitor
Time and distance to clear wood in pruned red alder saplings
Get PDFThis paper was published in: Deal, R.L. and C.A. Harrington, eds. 2006. Red alder—a state of knowledge. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-669. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 150 p.Pruning trials in young alder stands were sampled to
evaluate response to pruning. Effects of pruning (1) live
branches on different dates, and (2) dead branches with
or without damaging the branch collar were assessed on
trees pruned in 3- and 6-year-old plantations, respectively.
Six years after pruning, stem sections were collected and
dissected in the longitudinal-radial plane to expose the
center of the stem and branch stub. Ring counts and linear
measurements were made for various boundaries or points,
including time of pruning, stub length, defect, and beginning
of clear wood formation. Pruning during the growing
season and, to a lesser extent, late in the growing season
when leaf abscission was beginning, resulted in shorter
times and distances to formation of clear wood (2.1 years,
14.5 mm) than pruning in the dormant season or just prior
to the beginning of the growing season (2.6 years, 18.6
mm). Cutting the branch collar on dead branches led to
shorter times and distances to clear wood (2.8 years, 21.9
mm) than intentionally avoiding such wounding (3.5 years,
24.8 mm); these differences were associated with shorter
branch stubs as there were no differences in the amount
of defect. Epicormic branching was minimal in the two
pruning studies, averaging less than one branch per tree in
the date of pruning test and only two branches per tree in the
branch collar wounding study. Assessments for comparable
unpruned trees indicated that times to form clear wood after
branch death would be markedly greater and that epicormic
branching was equal to or greater than that determined for
pruned trees. Although statistically significant differences
occurred among different pruning dates and with branch
collar wounding, the decision to prune or not prune is of
much greater practical importance, regardless of when (date)
or how it is done. Such pruning decisions can be made by
using this information on time and distance to clear wood
in economic analyses developed with available data on tree
growth, log volume, lumber recovery, pruning costs, and
price differentials for clear vs. knotty wood.Keywords: biology and ecology, inventory, economics, Alnus rubra, history, mixed-species stands, silviculture, pruning, plantation establishment, supplyKeywords: biology and ecology, inventory, economics, Alnus rubra, history, mixed-species stands, silviculture, pruning, plantation establishment, suppl