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An evaluative study of mail-in electronic farm accounting systems with factors to consider in developing a program in Saskatchewan, Canada
Get PDFGeology of the Seal Rock Area
Get PDFTwelve years ago I was new to the Oregon coast and eager to learn about the natural setting. Field guides were available to birds, marine mammals, tide pools, seaweeds, and forest plants. Not so geology. I looked at a field guide to rocks and minerals, but it was hard to connect those photos with the basalt and the bluff I saw at the beach. I wished for a nontechnical book about local landforms to tell me about their origin and age. To my knowledge, that volume still doesn’t exist. This work is one layperson’s attempt to fill the void and share what I’ve learned. I discuss how the sedimentary rocks, basalt, marine terraces and sea cliffs in this area were formed and where they are visible. Also included are sections on paleontology and buried forests. Finally, a discussion of earthquakes and tsunamis looks at evidence of past activity in our locality and how these forces may affect the geomorphology of the coast in the future. Marcel Proust once wrote, “The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.” Learning local geology has helped me develop a fresh eye to my surroundings and live with greater awareness of the meanings and attachments that connect us to this place, this earth: home. This article is intended for residents and visitors interested in learning more about their surroundings. Geological information can make for dense reading, best absorbed a little at a time. I’ve kept the use of abbreviations and technical language to a minimum. Only four geologic time periods are mentioned frequently: the Oligocene and Miocene for local bedrock and basalt, and the more recent Pleistocene and Holocene for marine terraces and sand dunes. Those who wish to read in greater depth may find the list of references helpful. Since I am not a geologist, I first read popular and scientific works, then communicated with knowledgeable people.Keywords: Geology, Lincoln County, Oregon, Seal Rock, Orego
Fish Market and Marketing Issues in Bangladesh
Get PDFBangladesh being a lowland country have rich water resources in and around the country. The total fish production in 1998-99 was 1552 thousands tonnes of which 80% were from inland fisheries and 20% from marine sources. Major portion (97%) of the total harvested fish is marketed internally for domestic consumption. About 50% of the inland fish productions are consumed in fresh form due to the strong consumer preference. In terms of volume, value and employment, the domestic fish market in Bangladesh is big. The fish marketing system in Bangladesh is traditional, complex, and less competitive but plays a vital role in connecting the fish producers, and consumers, thus contributing significantly in "value add" process of the fish which otherwise would have been unused or underused and consequently in the earnings of the fisherfolk. Hence this study was conducted to understand the salient feature of fish marketing system in general and three fish marketing areas, urban, suburban and rural fish market of Comilla district in specific and the pond fish marketing system of Bangladesh. Fish marketing is almost entirely managed, financed and controlled by a group of powerful intermediaries who played a big role in fish marketing channel. The marketing infrastructure including cold storage, ice, insulated transport facilities, landing centres and wholesale markets is generally inadequate, unhygienic and in disrepair. They need to be fully developed to reduce the waste, lower the marketing costs, stabilize the prices and over all improve the marketing efficiency.Keywords: Marketing issues, Fish Processing, Marketing, And Consumption, Marketing efficiency, Marketing intermediaries, Fisheries Economic
Evaluating the flexibility of a reflex action mortality predictor to determine bycatch mortality rates: A case study of Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) bycaught in Alaska bottom trawls
Get PDFTo quantify total fishing mortality it is necessary to incorporate mortality rates attributed to bycatch,
including animals that are discarded and that interact with the gear without being caught. The Reflex
Action Mortality Predictor (RAMP) approach has been increasingly used to determine bycatch mortality
rates in fisheries. This methodology creates a RAMP that relates reflex impairment to probability of
mortality. As the RAMP approach becomes more prevalent it becomes important to evaluate the efficacy
of its application. We evaluated the flexibility of this methodology by creating a RAMP for Tanner
crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) discarded from the groundfish bottom trawl fishery in the Gulf of Alaska and
comparing it to a previously established RAMP for unobserved Tanner crab bycatch (encountered gear
and remained on the seafloor) from the bottom trawl fishery in the Bering Sea. The two RAMPs and the
overall mortality rates calculated using these predictors were comparable. However, we detected significant
differences between RAMPs. While probabilities of mortality were similar between the two studies
for crab with all or no reflexes missing, discarded crab with intermediate reflex impairment had lower
mortality probabilities than those from the unobserved-bycatch study. Our results indicate that a RAMP
may produce more accurate mortality estimates when applied to animals experiencing similar stressors
as those evaluated to create the RAMP, through similar methodology.Keywords: Trawl, Bycatch mortality, Chionoecetes, RAMP, DiscardKeywords: Trawl, Bycatch mortality, Chionoecetes, RAMP, Discar
Appendix.pdf
No full textAcarapis mites have been present in the United States since 1984 and are presently considered a threat to honey bee populations in North America. They have
been present in Europe since 1921 where infestation rates have now dwindled to a
level that is not considered dangerous. Consequently, accurate information on
infestation rates is no longer being collected in that region. This paper presents the results of a study that seeks to gather data on current infestation rates in France, one of the earliest locations of epidemic Acarapis infestation. Honey bees from 40 hives near Poitiers, France were examined to determine infestation rates for three types of parasitic mites: Acarapis woodi, A. dorsalis, and A. externus. Dissections of 475 honeybees revealed sporadic, mild infestation of all three mites, suggesting that Acarapis mite infestation is still present, however not a threat in France.Keywords: Parasitic Mites, Honey be
Purification and properties of Streptococcus lactis β-galactosidase
Get PDFExperiments were carried out to purify and characterize the
galactosidase of the Streptococcus lactis 7962. Purification was
accomplished using standard procedures; however the lability of
the enzyme to numerous treatments limited the techniques that could
be used and the amount of active enzyme recovered. Gel filtration
revealed that the enzyme existed in two forms differing in size by
a factor of two (molecular weights of 5 x 10⁵ and 10⁶); the smaller
of the two forms was purified and characterized in detail. Chemical
characteristics of the two forms were the same: pH optimum, 7.0;
temperature optimum, 37 C; and Michaelis constant, 10⁻³ M ONPG.
Ammonium sulfate exerted a stabilizing effect on the enzyme
and caused an association of the smaller unit to form a larger molecular
weight aggregate. Because of the size and the chemical properties
of the two forms a subunit (monomer) - native enzyme (dimer)
relationship was established. The observations that para-chloromecuribenzoate and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid inactivated
the enzyme and that ammonium sulfate prevented this inactivation
suggested that essential sulfhydryl and metal ion groups became
masked in the enzyme structure during salt stabilization. Comparison
of the amount of change seen in the U.V. spectra of salt-stabilized
and nonstabilized enzyme indicated that ammonium sulfate
stabilized the structure of the enzyme. The salt also protected the
enzyme from the inactivating effect of urea, but to a much lower
extent than was seen with the sulfhydryl antagonist or metal chelator.
Chemical analysis of the purified enzyme, when compared
with ß- galactosidase from bacteria of the enteric group, showed
similarities and differences in the amino acid composition. For
example, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine,
phenylalanine, serine, threonine and valine were present in the
same amounts.
Incubation of the purified enzyme at 27 C caused a similar
association (quaternization) as was observed in the presence of ammonium
sulfate. This indicated that hydrophobic bonding is involved
in holding the dimer form together as has been suggested for other
polymeric proteins. The same relative amount of the two enzyme
forms (monomer and dimer) observed following quaternization
was also found in enzyme extracted from log phase culture; this
suggested that an equilibrium between the two forms existed. When enzyme was obtained from bacteria in the late logarithimic phase
of growth (12 hours) a disproportionately large amount of monomer
was observed. This indicated that lactose was essential for association
to occur in vivo since this carbohydrate was probably depleated
at that time. No evidence for dissociation of the dimer form of
enzyme was seen, however, prolonged incubation at either 27 C or
5 C caused an increase in the amount of monomer form of enzyme
present. This effect apparently was caused by the activation of an
inactive form of enzyme, possibly monomer, as has been suggested
in other proteins
Plate 17.jpg
No full textSubsurface mapping was used to determine the structure andgeologic history of the South Cuyama dome and part of the Russellfault in the South Cuyama oil field area. Deformed Late Cretaceousand or early Tertiary marine strata are unconformably overlain bythe late Oligocene to early Miocene Vaqueros Formation (QuailCanyon Sandstone Member, Soda Lake Shale Member, and Painted RockSandstone Member) northeast of the Russell fault. Rapid subsidenceabruptly downdropped shelf deposits in the transgressive QuailCanyon Sandstone, ending shallow-marine deposition. Warping of theQuail Canyon shelf formed elongate west-northwest-trending submarinetroughs and highs at the same time as the basinal Soda Lake ShaleMember was deposited. Locally, the Soda Lake Shale ponded in topographiclows floored by Quail Canyon Sandstone. In addition, progradingturbidites of the Soda Lake Shale Member and shelf depositsof the Painted Rock Sandstone thinned over the highs, including theproto-South Cuyama dome. Renewed subsidence during the late Saucesianaccompanied deposition of the Saltos Shale Member of the MontereyFormation. Late Saucesian-early Relizian movement along thenortheast-trending Cox normal fault set in part controlled furthergrowth of the proto-South Cuyama dome and thinning of the SaltosShale over structural highs. Shelf and shallow-marine depositsof the Branch Canyon Sandstone and overlying undifferentiatedBranch Canyon Sandstone-Santa Margarita Formation (BCSM) progradedacross the basin during the middle and late Miocene. Major rightslipalong the Russell fault juxtaposed contrasting coeval stratigraphicsections prior to deposition of the Pliocene(?) Morales(?)Formation. Northeast-trending normal faults and northwest-trendingstrike-slip faults formed across the dome during deposition of theBCSM in response to right-lateral wrench faulting on the Russellfault. The Morales(?) Formation conformably overlies the BCSM andprobably represents the transition from marine to nonmarine deposition;the uppermost part possibly includes Pleistocene alluvialdeposits. Right slip along the Russell fault was accompanied byfolding of at least the lowermost Morales(?) into the present-daySouth Cuyama elongate dome subparallel to the Russell fault.Right-stepping en echelon axial culminations on the dome were offset4,500 feet right-laterally by the Russell fault.The south-dipping South Cuyama thrust fault tectonically overrodethe Russell fault, South Cuyama dome, and Pleistocene alluvialdeposits, folding and thrusting Eocene and younger strata of theSierra Madre Mountains northward. The north-dipping Morales faultthrust Paleocene to Miocene strata of the Caliente Range southwardover Pliocene(?)-Pleistocene alluvial deposits during the latePleistocene. Between these two thrust faults is the present-dayCuyama Valley.Structures in the South Cuyama oil field and adjacent areasformed in response to recurrent right-lateral wrench tectonismalong the Russell fault during the middle to late Miocene andpossibly from latest Oligocene to Pliocene time. The complexfaulting and folding associated with wrench tectonism are obscuredby the Pleistocene-Holocene contractile regime.Subsurface mapping was used to determine the structure andgeologic history of the South Cuyama dome and part of the Russellfault in the South Cuyama oil field area. Deformed Late Cretaceousand or early Tertiary marine strata are unconformably overlain bythe late Oligocene to early Miocene Vaqueros Formation (QuailCanyon Sandstone Membe
Summary of tagged crab releases
No full textThe Fish Commission of Oregon was tagging Dungeness crabs in the late 1940s and early 1950s to see how far the crabs moved between moltings. This document gives data on crab tags retrieved between November 21, 1947 and February 21, 1950. Some crabs were indeed wanderers: crabs released in the Astoria area were found as far south as Port Orford
Drip irrigation guide for potatoes
Get PDFThis publication provides a framework, general recommendations, and rationales to aid potato growers interested in maximizing their land use and crop yield through drip irrigation. Discusses bed conformation, pumps and filters, system maintenance, microirrigation criteria, and chemigation.Keywords: drip irrigation system maintenance, potatoes, drip irrigation, potatoes, potato bed conformation for drip irrigationPublished October 2006. Revised January 2013. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo