79717 research outputs found
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Financing of Public Higher Education in Afghanistan: Public Opinion and Information Effects
Get PDFThe Afghan public higher education (HE) system absorbs less than one-fifth of government education spending and per student spending declines, while the student annual enrollment is rising. This contrast may trigger challenges and inevitable tradeoffs for the public universities to
encounter. Policies concerning the diversification of financing stream need attention; however, charging tuition in public institutions may confront robust public opposition due to its constitutional and historical features. We execute a randomized control trial (RCT) experiment to examine whether an information campaign contributes to lessening the opposition between citizen’s views and the contents of government policies concerning the financing of public HE. We utilize the linear probability model (LPM) to shed light on information effects empirically. Our
result suggests, that introducing tuition fees with supplemented information to citizens concerning charging tuition could mitigate citizen’s opposition. Besides, nighttime school tuition narrative as information treatment interventions concerning charging tuition fees for daytime
undergraduate programs might be more effective compared to other forms of information concerning financing policies
"We're not doing it anymore": Analyzing teachers' perceptions of power on their stated decisions to strike
Get PDFThe overall reduced funding from public education in the United States has sparked a backlash across the country. Citing inadequate resources, low pay, and an inability to control the direction of their classroom, teachers in seven states (West Virginia, Oklahoma, Kentucky, Colorado, Arizona, North Carolina, and Washington) halted instruction time to redress their grievances. To further understand the commonalities of this teacher movement across the different states that witnessed teacher strikes, I used a comparative, method of agreement case study approach, choosing the most different cases in terms of partisan composition of state governments and structural differences of the public education system. The structural differences include average teacher salaries and per-pupil spending, and it also includes whether teachers striked against their districts or state government. Based on these criteria, I conducted 9 semi-structured interviews with 11 public school teachers who went on strike in Oklahoma and Washington, and I used the political process theory to understand the ways in which they construct their stated reasons for conducting strikes and for understanding how they say they conceive power dynamics within public education. Through these interviews, themes of deprofessionalization, decreased teacher autonomy, and perceptions of lacking trust from people in positions of power emerged from the interviews. Policy recommendations are provided to address the stated grievances of the public school teachers who conducted strikes
1971 Alsea River estuary resource use study
No full textIn 1971 the Fish Commission of Oregon conducted a comprehensive study of the recreational use of marine food fish, shellfish, and other miscellaneous invertebrates in 16 Oregon estuaries. From March 1 through October 31, 1971, boat and shore anglers and tideflat users were interviewed for catch, effort, and origin data in a program designed for statistical analysis. This report summarizes the results of the Alsea River Estuary study
Tide gates : operation, fish passage and recommendations for their upgrade or removal
Get PDFThis document is intended for policymakers so they can make informed decisions about upgrading or removing tide gates in an effort to improve conditions for Oregon’s native migratory fish and other animals and plants that inhabit estuaries.
It has two main sections: The first includes an overview of the technical aspects of tide gates, including non-traditional ones. The second contains findings from a review of scientific literature about upgrading or removing tide gates as well as conclusions from a review of estuary restoration projects involving tide gates. Based on those findings, we’re also including recommendations to guide future investments in, and monitoring of, restoration projects associated with tide gates.This document summarizes parts of a 140-page publication, Ecological Effects of Tide Gate Upgrade or Removal: A Literature Review and Knowledge Synthesis, that the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) funded through a 2016 grant to a team at Oregon State University. That report aimed to help readers understand how tide gates affect water quality and fish. It also sought to help OWEB understand the effectiveness of its investments in estuary habitat restoration projects involving tide gates so it can target future investments. For more information on types of tide gates and their environmental effects, see Oregon Sea Grant’s publications Tide Gates in the Pacific Northwest and The Effects of Tide Gates on Estuarine Habitats and Migratory Fish
The social geometry of collaborative flood risk management: a hydrosocial case study of Tillamook County, Oregon
No full textCoastal and riparian flooding are costly and disruptive natural hazards and already a regular part of life in some areas of the USA. Flooding events caused by sea-level rise and climate change are expected to increase in frequency and severity in the future, creating social, ecological, and economic problems at local, city, state, and federal levels. It is clear that normative, infrastructure-oriented, and strictly hydrological solutions to flooding have not appropriately met these challenges, nor have they adequately addressed relevant socio-political factors which shape hydrological processes. Using the case study of Tillamook County, this study draws upon qualitative interview data to identify and explain social factors which have influenced the outcome of a collaborative, socially engaged flood management project. These include previous flood experience; emotions and feelings; interests and concerns; preferred management strategies; barriers to community-scientific engagement; and perceptions of a mediation process. This situation is further explored within the framework of social geometry, which is used to explain changes in social position and relationships through an interactive, collaborative process. In this case, mediation is shown to decrease both relational space and differences in status between the two primary actor groups, leading to mutually agreeable outcomes but not without dispute. Flood managers and researchers may find this case study useful when analyzing qualitative data related to flood risk management, and/or planning flood management strategies, particularly in disaster-prone regions
European Seafood Production under Climate Change: Assessing Economic and Social Consequences
Get PDFClimate change has been observed to have a significant impact on the distribution of aquatic species and productivity of aquaculture systems across the globe. This affects the level of food production, the livelihoods of communities that depend on fisheries and aquaculture, and the future sustainability of these sectors. As in all other parts of the world, climate change will have inequitable and diverse impacts on economic growth across Europe, creating winners and losers. The European H2020 project ClimeFish investigates the impacts of climate change in aquatic food production at the European and regional scale, for the three main production sectors: marine fisheries, lakes and ponds and marine aquaculture. ClimeFish has developed a process for conducting socio-economic impact assessment by first identifying the effect(s) of climate change on the biological properties of both fish and aquaculture species, and secondly assessing the socio-economic impacts based on these biological forecasts, collecting additional socio-economic data and feedback from relevant stakeholders. Here, we provide an overview of the methods and work conducted in seven different case studies will be provided, focusing on both opportunities and threats within the three sectors and geographical locations around Europe as well as a European wide analysis. Challenges related to the data collection and analysis, as well as potential ways of overcoming them, are discussed
Using Negative Binomial Models to Estimate Future Fishery Interactions with Endangered Species
No full textAs fisheries management is increasingly required to consider the full impacts of their operations, this work seeks to define the relationship between fishing effort and interactions with listed endangered species. The study employs logbook data containing over 64,000 sets, matched with observer data from 2008 to 2015 in an undisclosed purse seine tuna fishery. Specifically, we estimate a series of family specific, negative binomial models to account for over-dispersed outcomes, while controlling for factors such as the use of fish-aggregating devises, set location, proximate coastline, season, and water temperature. The study results show statistically significant relationships between observed interactions with endangered species and fishing effort, as well as with other independent variables. The results of the study suggest that the approach can be used to assess the probabilities of relatively rare interactions between fisheries and endangered species, or with other species of particular concern
Hydrogen Interaction with Platinum and Palladium Surfaces
Get PDFPlatinum and palladium surfaces are utilized as catalytic surfaces in the chemical industry. Understanding how hydrogen atoms interact with the metal surfaces will allow for further advancement in this area. Specifically, the interaction of hydrogen on the surface and subsurface of these metals was investigated using density functional theory calculations through Python scripts and the VASP software. The tests concluded that the hydrogen adsorption is favorable on the surface of both metals, but only on the subsurface of palladium. In addition, when more than one atom of hydrogen was introduced to the metal, the two hydrogen atoms demonstrated repulsive effects on one another.Key Words: Platinum, Palladium, catalytic surfaces, hydrogen ato
Intergenerational Trauma and Cognition
Get PDFThis review investigated the cognitive effects of intergenerational trauma. Through a literature review, 622 articles across two databases were examined using bibliography and literature review software to analyze such effects. Six articles were identified and discussed as well as their implications for future research. The supporting articles demonstrated clear cognitive effects on offspring as a result of intergenerational trauma. Though few in number, their findings are significant and require further investigation to understand the true impacts of cognition as a pathway for the intergenerational transmission of trauma.Key Words: intergenerational trauma, cognition, offspring, literature revie
Fixing Inclusivity Bugs: Information Processing Styles and Learning Styles
Get PDFMost software systems today do not support cognitive diversity. Further, because of differences in problem-solving styles that cluster by gender, software that poorly supports cognitive diversity can also embed gender biases. To help software professionals fix gender bias “bugs” related to people’s problem-solving styles for information processing and learning of new software we collected and triangulated inclusivity fixes from three sources. The first two are empirical studies we conducted: a heuristics-driven user study and a field research industry study. The third source is data that we obtained from a before/after user study of inclusivity bugs. The resulting seven potential inclusivity fixes show how to debug software to be more inclusive for diverse problem-solving styles