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A Reversible Conversion Cathode – Convert Dual-ion Battery into Rocking-Chair Battery
Get PDFIn Dual-ion Batteries, anions as charge carriers might be a potential technique of energy storage. While fluoride anion has been selected as a promising charge carrier for energy storage due to its high charge/mass ratio and small ionic radius, carbonate anion has never been reported as a charge carrier for battery applications. Here we discovered a transition metal copper as the host of conversion electrode for aqueous Dual-ion Battery. In an aqueous electrolyte of 4.5 m K2CO3 and 9 m KOH, the cathode demonstrates a reversible conversion of copper to basic copper carbonate while employing carbonate anion as a charge carrier. It also demonstrates a reversible electrode in a 16 m KF water in salt electrolyte while employing fluoride anion as a charge carrier. For integrating the advantages of both Dual-ion Batteries and Rocking-chair Batteries, adding the solid salts in the copper electrode for these two cases can achieve the goal with a better electrochemical performance
The Structural Characteristics of Robustness in Large-Scale Complex Engineered Systems
Get PDFModern engineered systems are increasingly integrated into society, decentralized, and interconnected. However, scale and complexity create unique challenges in system design, such as emergent behavior and unintended consequences. This work investigates the structural characteristics of robustness in complex engineered systems by identifying patterns of under-recognized vulnerabilities at various levels of hierarchy. The work begins at the highest level of hierarchy, taking a system of systems view in order to investigate unintended consequences. Then, this work investigates the system architectures that make them prone to certain types of failures using different network modeling perspectives. Finally, this work uses network modeling to identify system elements that are key to controlling system robustness from a system behavior perspective. Altogether, this research provides a novel perspective on robustness of complex systems and presents empirical findings on general patterns of system vulnerabilities that can be used in future system-level architecture design. Applications of the work are focused on aerospace systems but can be applied in a diverse range of domains, including energy and transportation
Action Segmentation with Limited Supervision
Get PDFIn this dissertation, we address action segmentation in videos under limited supervision. The goal of action segmentation is to predict an action class for each frame of a video. The limited supervision means ground truth labels of video frames are not available in training. We focus on three types of problems: (1) Transcript-level supervised learning, where the ground truth is a transcript which represents the temporal ordering of actions present in a training video; (2) Set-level supervised learning, where the ground truth specifies only a set of actions present; and (3) Unsupervised learning, where no ground truth is available. To address these problems, we make three hypotheses. First, we believe that action segmentation under limited supervision would benefit from reasoning over many candidate segmentations rather than predicting a single optimal segmentation. To this end, we efficiently represent a video by a segmentation graph, where paths are candidate segmentations. Second, we hypothesize that a discriminative learning of minimizing energy between valid segmentations that satisfy ground truth and invalid segmentations that violate ground truth is a better learning objective than only minimizing a loss defined with respect to valid segmentations. Third, we hypothesize that regularization of action affinity for same actions, sparsity of action activations for different actions, and orthonormality of parameter matrices are helpful in a limited supervision learning. The dissertation presents our approaches to action segmentation that are based on these hypotheses. Our key technical contributions include versions of a constrained Viterbi algorithm aimed at efficiently approximating the NP-hard all-color-shortest-path problem, as well as efficient Riemannian optimization on the Stiefel manifold via the Cayley transform for regularization of model parameters. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the advantages of our approaches relative to existing work
Willamette River Floodplain 100 Meter Slices Framework Geospatial Data
No full textThe Slices Framework is intended for use in making decisions about conservation and restoration in the Willamette River floodplain. It makes use of distinct spatial units for tracking change in the floodplain. The first of these units are 1 kilometer long slices drawn at right angles to the floodplain, first put forward in the Willamette River Basin Planning Atlas (Ch. 8 pp. 131-147 in Hulse, Gregory and Baker 2002). The second of these units are 100m subdivisions of the original 1 km slices, with ten 100m slices in each 1 km slice. Together, they cover the entire pragmatic floodplain of the Willamette River. We define the pragmatic floodplain as the zone subject to periodic flooding that is bounded by significant infrastructure (e.g. highways, residential areas, etc.). This framework is intended to support the assessment, planning, and monitoring of conservation and restoration activities within the Willamette River floodplain. These activities may include reconnecting historical channels that have been blocked and allowing the river to flood certain locations from which it is now normally excluded. Since restoration activities that would require disruption of significant constructed assets, roads, residential and commercial areas, and others, are infeasible, the spatial extent of this framework is narrower, primarily in the section between Eugene and Albany, than the historical floodplain. This geospatial dataset contains the slice spatial and attribute data reporting amounts of key processes and patterns by slice and how they vary over time
Prune and plum : 2018 pest management guide for the Willamette Valley
Get PDFRecommends pest management practices for prune and plum. Revised April 2018. For the most current information, visit
http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo
Fish Schooling Data Subset
No full textThe data is a JSON format file containing the position, velocity, and fish identifier data for 300 golden shiners in a shallow (depth of 4.5 to 5 cm) rectangular water tank (2.1 by 1.2 meters). There are 5000 individual frames (samples of position and velocity) corresponding to video taken at a rate of 30 frames/s and analysed to extract individual fish’s trajectories. The fields px, py, vx, vy correspond to the x- and y-components of each detected fish’s position (at center of mass) and velocity. The onfish field gives each fish in the frame a unique identifier. When an individual can no longer be distinguished, its identifier is retired; once the fish is again being tracked it is assigned a new ID. This data is a subsample of the frames acquired by the creators in the study https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107583108, refer to it and its supplementary information for more details
The Effect of Zumbini® on Physical Activity of Young Children with and without Disabilities
Get PDFPhysical activity is important for young children with and without disabilities. However, recent investigations have found that young children with and without disabilities spend less time in physical activity than is recommended. Family and music factors have been shown to positively affect physical activity of this population in previous studies. An inclusive program is one potential way to improve physical activity of young children with and without disabilities. Zumbini® is a family-based physical activity program designed for children 0 to 4 years old and their caregivers. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Zumbini® on physical activity amount of young children with and without disabilities.
The current study applied a single subject A-B research design in an inclusive playgroup to investigate the effect of Zumbini® on physical activity amounts of young children with and without disabilities. By comparing movement counts from triaxial accelerometers recording during a 4-week baseline phase (free play session) and a 4-week intervention phase (Zumbini® session), we found that physical activity amounts changes trends of the participants in individual level. In addition, nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP) was applied to indicate the effect of Zumbini®. Eight participants (5 without disabilities: mean age=33.2"±" 8.319 months, 2 males; 3 with disabilities: mean age=30.33"±" 13.65 months, 2 males) with complete data collection were used for data analysis. The change of the physical activity amounts and the trend within each individual were varied. The physical activity amounts on wrists ranged from 1467.84 counts/min to 14927.05 counts/min. The physical activity amounts on hips ranged from 96.17 counts/min to 4952.10 counts/min. Using NAP analysis, the majority of the participants experienced medium to large intervention effects in physical activity amount changes. The reason for the varied physical activity amount change and the trend in each participant were discussed in this study. Future research could include larger sample sizes, increased intervention time, and different measuring methods to fully capture the effect of Zumbini®
Suspect Screening of Hydrocarbon surfactants in AFFFs and AFFF-Contaminated Groundwater by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Get PDFAqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) are proprietary mixtures containing hydrocarbon surfactants and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that are used to extinguish hydrocarbon-based fuel fires. There is limited information on hydrocarbon surfactants in AFFFs and AFFF-contaminated groundwater even though they are more abundant (5-10% w/w) than PFASs (0.9-1.5% w /w) in AFFFs. Eight commercial AFFFs manufactured between 1988 and 2012 and ten AFFF-contaminated groundwaters collected from near source zones of fire-fighter training areas were analyzed for suspect hydrocarbon surfactants by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A suspect list and a homologous series detection computational tool, enviMass, were combined to screen for suspect hydrocarbon surfactants. Nine classes of hydrocarbon surfactants were detected in AFFFs including octylphenol polyethoxylates, linear alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated
cocoamines, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl amido dipropionates, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and polyethylene glycols. Of those, six were also found in groundwater along with diethanolamides and alkyl amido betaines, which were not found in the eight archived AFFFs. This indicates that, although aerobically biodegradable, hydrocarbon surfactants likely persist in groundwater due to anaerobic aquifer conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first screening for hydrocarbon surfactants in AFFFs and in AFFF-contaminated groundwater
Dataset associated with Long-Term Effects of Fuel Reduction Treatments on Surface Fuel Loading in the Blue Mountains of Oregon
No full textDataset contains a 2015 partial re-measurement of the Blue Mountains Fire and Fire Surrogate study. 8 plots were measured from each of the 16 units, selected
randomly from all plots in each unit. Species are recorded using USDA plant codes, "UNKN" is unknown species. For fine fuels, 3 Brown's transects were collected
per plot. The length varied based on fuel size class. The "hr1/hr10/hr100" columns include the count of fuel particles within each size class along the given
transect length. 1K hour fuels were collected along 3 20-m transects at each plot. All trees within a circular 1/10th acre plot were measured
A Corpus Linguistic Analysis of Public Reddit and Tumblr Blog Posts on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Get PDFSelf-harm is a frightening phenomenon that affects adolescents and young adults all over the world. While non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has a high prevalence rate, it is not a new behavior. One of the earliest documented cases of NSSI was in ancient Greece and it has gained popularity amongst adolescents. NSSI content appears consistently on pro-NSSI social media and blog websites. Social media’s ubiquity has profound impacts on people’s behavior; young people in particular spend hours consuming social media every day. The combination of NSSI behavior and social media creates debate and controversy. While some have argued that social media creates a community of people struggling with similar issues, others argue that social media is a space to perpetuate negativity and rumination. Even though research has attempted to understand and explain NSSI behavior, there has been little research on NSSI behavior and related language on social media. This dissertation examines selected pro-NSSI social media to explore the linguistic processes and psychological processes active in pro-NSSI social media posts.
This study, which used a synchronic corpus linguistic design, has two arms; the first arm (A) focuses on pro-NSSI posts on Tumblr and the second arm (B) examined pro-NSSI posts on Reddit. Both the study on Tumblr and the study on Reddit asked the following questions: (1) What is the NSSI specific content word use of the individuals making posts? (2) What is the pattern of use of linguistic processes of the individuals making posts compared to the pattern that appears in blogs overall? (3) What is the pattern of use of psychological processes of the individuals making posts compared to the pattern that appears in blogs overall? The study used an API to collect public, pro-NSSI posts from both Reddit and Twitter that appeared between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017; these posts were then anonymized and analyzed. The API was instructed to scrape posts that: (a) monolingual English and (b) contain at least one term on a NSSI terms list compiled by the researchers. The API was instructed to eliminate user names, URLs, hashtags, location of the posts, posts from outside of the US, photographs, and foreign languages. When added together, the posts collected by the API for Research Arm A (Tumblr) had a total 330,868 total word count. For Research Arm B (Reddit), the corpus’ total word count was 228,172. The data was analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software.
For the first research question, the percentage of all words for each NSSI-specific category was reported. In addition, the raw count for each word in each category was listed in rank order. In terms of the second and third research questions, the following were reported for all categories except for emotional tone: (a) percentage of all words, (b) log likelihood statistic of the comparison of the NSSI corpus to general blog norms, and (c) log ratio of the comparison of the NSSI corpus to general blog norms. For the emotional tone category, the following were noted: (a) percentage of all words, (b) one sample z test of proportion with study results as p-hat and general blog norms as p0. When the Tumblr posts from Research Arm A were analyzed, the findings revealed that people posting their NSSI behaviors on public blogs are people who have a high desire to connect with others while sharing their pain and experience of numbness, and use high levels of negative emotional words. Overall, these results demonstrated that people posting on Tumblr about NSSI are hurting individuals reaching out for help. The findings for Research Arm B (Reddit) suggest that the posts were made in the mental state that was characterized by high levels of depression, anxiety, and neuroticism. When both research arms are considered as a whole, the results illustrated a profile of a young person who is struggling with managing intense negative emotions. The results from this study have implications for the clinical treatment by informing the counseling theories used to treat this population, transforming how counselors are trained in NSSI behaviors and investigating how research can further explore the nuances of language to have a better understanding of a difficult problem the plagues so many young people