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Iatrogenic superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Get PDFWe have carefully read the article "Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction" by José Barquín-Yagüez et al. and we would like to report one case with the same diagnosis but with another etiology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Head-to-head comparison of prostate cancer risk calculators predicting biopsy outcome
Get PDFBackground: Multivariable risk calculators (RCs) predicting prostate cancer (PCa) aim to reduce unnecessary workup (e.g., MRI and biopsy) by selectively identifying those men at risk for PCa or clinically significant PCa (csPCa) (Gleason ≥7). The lack of an adequate comparison makes choosing between RCs difficult for patients, clinicians and guideline developers. We aim to perform a head-to-head comparison of seven well known RCs predicting biopsy outcome.
Methods: Our study comprised 7,119 men from ten independent contemporary cohorts in Europe and Australia, who underwent prostate biopsy between 2007 and 2015. We evaluated the performance of the ERSPC RPCRC, Finne, Chun, ProstataClass, Karakiewicz, Sunnybrook, and PCPT 2.0 (HG) RCs in predicting the presence of any PCa and csPCa. Performance was assessed by discrimination, calibration and net benefit analyses.
Results: A total of 3,458 (48%) PCa were detected; 1,784 (25%) men had csPCa. No particular RC stood out predicting any PCa: pooled area under the ROC-curve (AUC) ranged between 0.64 and 0.72. The ERSPC RPCRC had the highest pooled AUC 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73-0.80) when predicting csPCa. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed limited net benefit in the detection of csPCa, but that can be improved by a simple calibration step. The main limitation is the retrospective design of the study.
Conclusions: No particular RC stands out when predicting biopsy outcome on the presence of any PCa. The ERSPC RPCRC is superior in identifying those men at risk for csPCa. Net benefit analyses show that a multivariate approach before further workup is advisable.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Glomerular filtration rate change during chronic hepatitis C treatment with Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir in HCV/HIV Coinfected patients treated with Tenofovir and a boosted protease inhibitor: an observational prospective study
Get PDFINTRODUCTION:
Concomitant use of ledipasvir and boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) may increase the risk of tenofovir (TDF) nephrotoxicity, since both these drugs increase TDF levels. Our aim was to evaluate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) evolution during HCV treatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) in HCV/HIV coinfected patients, according to their antiretroviral treatment (ARV).
METHODS:
Observational prospective study of HCV/HIV coinfected patients treated with SOF/LDV. eGFR evolution was evaluated during and 12 weeks after HCV treatment. Patients were categorized in three groups based on ARV regimen: non TDF, non-boosted TDF and TDF + boosted PI.
RESULTS:
We included 273 patients: 145 were receiving a non-TDF regimen, 78 a non-boosted TDF scheme and 50 were receiving TDF + boosted PI. We observed a statistically significant decrease in eGFR during treatment in all groups (non TDF p = 0.03, 95%CI [0.23-3.86], non-boosted TDF p < 0.01, 95%CI [3.36-7.44], TDF + PI p = 0.01, 95%CI [1.09-7.53]). The decrease was more pronounced in those receiving unboosted TDF (- 5.40 ml/min/1.73m2), but differences in eGFR decrease between the three groups were small and not statistically different (p = 0.06). eGFR decrease was greater in patients treated for 24 weeks (p = 0.009) and in cirrhotic patients (p = 0.036). At the end of follow up a recovery of eGFR was observed in all groups.
CONCLUSION:
We observed a significant decrease in eGFR during treatment in all study groups, that was small and reversible after SOF/LDV discontinuation. TDF was not associated with an increase in renal toxicity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Measles outbreak in a tertiary level hospital, Porto, Portugal, 2018: challenges in the post-elimination era
Get PDFA measles outbreak has been occurring in a healthcare setting in Porto, Portugal, since early March 2018, posing public health challenges for a central hospital and the community. Up to 22 April, 96 cases were confirmed, 67 in vaccinated healthcare workers, mostly between 18-39 years old. Following identification of the first cases, control measures were rapidly implemented. Concomitantly, other measles cases were notified in the Northern Region of the country. No common epidemiological link was identified.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Simulation and Training of Gynaecological Skills
Get PDFIn order to offer our patients, the "state of the art" treatment in gynaecology, we need a structured teaching program for trainees concerning the gynaecological skills. In recent years, training and education in endoscopic surgery has been critically reviewed. Clinicians, both surgeons as gynaecologists who perform endoscopic surgery without proper training of the specific psychomotor skills, are at higher risk to increased patient morbidity and mortality. The traditional apprentice-tutor model is no longer valid for developing all skills necessary in gynaecological surgery, particularly in endoscopy. Endoscopic training should happen at both the theoretical and the practical skill level. The acquisition of the correct knowledge regarding general laparoscopy, hysteroscopy and standard level procedures is as important as learning the necessary psychomotor skills to successfully perform endoscopic manipulations. Training in the operating room can only start when it is proven that knowledge and skills are present. To learn and train total abdominal hysterectomy by laparotomy there are inexpensive simple models that can be used, which are easy to reproduce. The development, construction, cost, and utility of a low-cost and anatomically representative vaginal hysterectomy simulator also has been described. The complexity of modern surgery has increased the demands and challenges to surgical education and the quality control.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Febre durante a erupção dentária primária − Há evidência?
No full textIntroduction: There is no consensus on the causal relationship between primary dental eruption and both systemic and local signs and symptoms. Fever, an important sign, is often reported. Such lack of evidence hampers clinical reasoning and may contribute to delayed diagnosis of important conditions.
Objective: To review existing evidence underlying the association between primary tooth eruption and fever.
Methods: A review of the evidence on English, Portuguese and Spanish scientific publications over the last ten years was performed in the main international databases using the query “tooth eruption” and “fever” [MeSH], and in the index of Portuguese medical journals using the query “erupção dentária” and “febre” [DeCS]. SORT system of the American Family Physician was used for rating the strength of evidence.
Results: A total of 53 articles were retrieved, from which two meta-analyses and two original studies were selected, comprising a total of 5317 children. Massignan et al. (2016) meta-analysis and Memarpour et al. (2015) clinical trial found a slight temperature increase on the day of primary tooth eruption, but no fever. In Nemezio et al. (2017) meta-analysis, this association was observed in the subgroup that used the rectal method for temperature assessment. Un Lam et al. (2016) observational study reported a fever prevalence of 49.9%.
Discussion and conclusions: The present analysis had several limitations, including a significant heterogeneity amongst studies in the definition of fever, interpersonal variability during fever measurements, different fever assessment methods or absence of that information, and no exclusion of confounding factors. Given available evidence, it is not possible to establish a clear association between primary dental eruption and the occurrence of fever. A higher number of robust studies is required to confirm this hypothesis (SORT B).Introdução: Não existe consenso na literatura sobre a existência de uma relação causal entre erupção dentária primária e ocorrência de sinais e sintomas sistémicos e locais. A febre, um importante sinal clínico, é frequentemente reportada por pais e profissionais de saúde. A falta de evidência dificulta o raciocínio clínico, podendo contribuir para atrasos no diagnóstico de patologias importantes associadas a este sintoma.
Objetivo: Rever a evidência disponível acerca de uma associação entre erupção dentária primária em lactentes e o aparecimento de febre.
Métodos: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa de artigos científicos em Inglês, Português e Espanhol publicados nos últimos dez anos nas principais bases de dados médicas internacionais utilizando os termos MeSH “tooth eruption” e “fever”, e no índice de revistas médicas Portuguesas utilizando os termos DeCS “erupção dentária” e “febre”. Foi utilizada a escala SORT da American Family Physician para avaliar os níveis de evidência.
Resultados: Foram identificadas 53 publicações, das quais foram selecionados duas meta-análises e dois artigos originais, abrangendo um total de 5317 crianças. Na meta-análise de Massignan et al. (2016) e no ensaio clínico de Memarpour et al. (2015), verificou-se um ligeiro aumento da temperatura no dia da erução dentária primária, mas não foi descrita a ocorrência de febre. Na meta-análise de Nemezio et al. (2017), essa associação foi encontrada no subgrupo que utilizou o método retal para medição da temperatura. O estudo observacional de Un Lam et al. (2016) encontrou uma prevalência de febre de 49,9%.
Discussão e conclusões: A presente análise tem várias limitações: uma grande heterogeneidade entre estudos na definição de febre, variabilidade interpessoal na realização das respetivas medições, utilização de diferentes métodos de medição de febre ou ausência de referência ao mesmo, e ausência de exclusão de fatores de confundimento. Perante a evidência disponível, não é possível confirmar a existência de uma associação entre erupção dentária primária e febre, sendo necessários mais estudos robustos para avaliar esta hipótese (SORT B)
An unusual finding on the anterior fontanelle exam
No full textIntrodução: A palpação da fontanela anterior permite avaliar o volume e pressão intracranianos. Uma fontanela tensa numa criança tranquila e observada em posição vertical sugere hipertensão intracraniana, que pode ter várias etiologias, nomeadamente processos neoformativos.
Caso clínico: Uma lactente do sexo feminino, de dois meses de idade, recorreu a consulta na sua Unidade de Saúde Familiar por tumefação na fontanela anterior. Objetivou-se a presença de tumefação nodular, de consistência mole, com cerca de 1 cm de maior diâmetro. A ecografia transfontanelar revelou um provável quisto epidermoide. A lactente foi referenciada para Cirurgia Pediátrica, tendo realizado ecografia de controlo após dois meses, que revelou crescimento da lesão, motivo pelo qual foi referenciada para Neurocirurgia. Efetuou ressonância magnética encefálica, que confirmou o diagnóstico ecográfico e excluiu comunicação da lesão com estruturas endocranianas. A lactente manteve seguimento por Neurocirurgia e foi decidido manter vigilância até a fontanela encerrar para realização da cirurgia de exérese. O exame histológico confirmou o diagnóstico de quisto dermoide.
Discussão:A vigilância clínica e os achados dos exames imagiológicos demonstraram o carácter benigno da lesão, permitindo adiar a intervenção cirúrgica.Introduction: Palpation of the anterior fontanelle allows to investigate intracranial pressure and volume. Swelling of anterior fontanelle in a quiet baby examined in a supine position indicates high intracranial pressure, which may have distinctive causes, namely neoplasms.
Case report: A female infant, two months old, attended an emergency consultation at the Family Health Unit due to swelling in the anterior fontanelle. A soft nodular swelling with approximately one centimeter in diameter was observed at the fontanelle. Transfontanellar ultrasound revealed a potential epidermal cyst. The infant was referred to the Pediatric Surgery Department. Ultrasound was repeated two months later and revealed lesion growth. The infant was referred to the Neurosurgery Department, and a brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Absence of communication with endocranial structures was confirmed. Surveillance was maintained until fontanelle closure, aiming at later excision. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of dermoid cyst.
Discussion: Regular clinical follow-up supported by imaging studies revealed the benign nature of the lesion, allowing to postpone surgery
Hipotonia e dificuldades alimentares no recém-nascido: um caso de distrofia miotónica tipo 1 congénita
No full textIntroduction: Congenital myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is characterized by hypotonia and severe general weakness at birth, often with respiratory distress and even death.
Clinical report:A newborn male with prenatal diagnosis of ventriculomegaly and polyhydramnios was born at 39 weeks of gestation with no immediate occurrences and a maternal family history of two cases with unspecified neuromuscular conditions. The newborn was admitted in the second day of life due to feeding problems and desaturation episodes, presenting with hypotonia, non-vigorous crying, facial diplegia, and arthrogryposis of the lower limbs. A genetic study for myotonic dystrophy was requested, which revealed cytosine thiamine and guanine (CTG) expansion in the DMPK gene (1100−1400 repeats), confirming diagnosis of congenital DM1.
Discussion and conclusions: Despite the presence of congenital DM1, this newborn presents with a milder phenotype than expected for the condition. Symptom recognition, combined with family history, allowed an early diagnosis and adequate follow-up.Introdução: A distrofia miotónica tipo 1 (DM1) congénita caracteriza-se por hipotonia e fraqueza generalizada grave ao nascimento. Frequentemente, apresenta-se com insuficiência respiratória, podendo ser fatal.
Caso Clínico: Um recém-nascido do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico pré-natal de ventriculomegalia e polihidrâmnio, nasceu às 39 semanas sem intercorrências. Dos antecedentes familiares, destacam-se dois elementos da linhagem materna com doença neuromuscular não esclarecida. O recém-nascido foi internado no segundo dia de vida devido a dificuldades alimentares e episódios de dessaturação, apresentando hipotonia, choro pouco vigoroso, diplegia facial e artrogripose dos membros inferiores. Foi solicitado estudo genético de distrofia miotónica, que revelou expansão de citosina, tiamina e guanina (CTG) no gene DMPK (1100−1400 repetições), confirmando o diagnóstico de DM1 congénita.
Discussão e conclusões: Apesar de se tratar de um caso de DM1 congénita, este recém-nascido apresenta um quadro menos grave do que o expectável. O reconhecimento da sintomatologia, aliado à história familiar, permitiu estabelecer um diagnóstico atempado e um plano de seguimento adequado
Anterior Chamber Flare as an Objective and Quantitative Noninvasive Method for Oculopathy in Transthyretin V30M Amyloidosis Patients
Get PDFPurpose. Assess the aqueous humor flare in transthyretin V30M amyloidosis patients (ATTRV30M). Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, noninterventional comparative study including 28 ATTRV30M patients with a unilateral scalloped iris. For comparative analysis, the fellow eye, the nonscalloped iris eye, from each patient was used as control. All patients underwent aqueous humor flare meter and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Results. Mean aqueous humor flare was significantly higher in the eyes with the scalloped iris than the control group with the nonscalloped iris (14.1 ± 2.2 versus 6.5 ± 0.9 pc/ms, respectively). No significant differences in IOP were found in the scalloped iris eyes than those in the nonscalloped iris control group (17.1 ± 0.8 versus 16.8 ± 0.7 mmHg, respectively). No significant correlation was not found between the flare and the IOP value within groups. Conclusions. In this study, aqueous humor flare values in the scalloped iris eyes may be a valid marker for controlling the stage of the oculopathy in ATTRV30M patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The Use of Glycomacropeptide in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFIn phenylketonuria (PKU), synthetic protein derived from L-amino acids (AAs) is essential in a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet. Glycomacropeptide (GMP), an intact protein, is very low in Phe in its native form. It has been modified and adapted for PKU to provide an alternative protein source through supplementation with rate-limiting amino acids (GMP-AAs), although it still contains residual Phe. This review aims to systematically evaluate published intervention studies on the use of GMP-AAs in PKU by considering its impact on blood Phe control (primary aim) and changes in tyrosine control, nutritional biomarkers, and patient acceptability or palatability (secondary aims). Four electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2007 to June 2018. Of the 274 studies identified, only eight were included. Bias risk was assessed and a quality appraisal of the body of evidence was completed. A meta-analysis was performed with two studies with adequate comparable methodology which showed no differences between GMP-AAs and AAs for any of the interventions analysed. This work underlines the scarcity and nature of studies with GMP-AAs interventions. All were short-term with small sample sizes. There is a need for better-designed studies to provide the best evidence-based recommendations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio