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Insónia comportamental numa consulta de sono pediátrica: estudo retrospetivo
Get PDFBackground/Objective: Behavioral insomnia is a common sleep disorder among children, with potentially negative impact on health, behavior, and cognition. This study aimed to characterize a pediatric population referred to a Sleep Disorder Clinic of a tertiary hospital due to behavioral insomnia. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study based on the review of medical records of patients with insomnia over an eight-year period (2008−2016). Results are presented as median (minimum-maximum), mean (standard deviation), and percentage. Results: A total of 964 children attended the Sleep Disorder Clinic in the considered time period, 162 (16.8%) of which due to insomnia and 137 (14.2%) to behavioral insomnia. Most children (58.4%) were male and the median age at referral was 45 months (5 months–18 years). The median bedtime was 10 pm (8 pm−4 am) and nocturnal awakenings were frequent, particularly in pre-school aged children. Regarding bedtime routines, 62% of children were not able to fall asleep alone, 48.9% had television in the bedroom, 43.1% (11.9% of which, teenagers) required an object to fall asleep, and 42.3% required lights on. Most patients (62%) had a routine to fall asleep, which was dependent on the caregiver in younger children and on television and reading in teenagers. The most frequent daytime symptoms were sleepiness in older children and irritability in younger children. Regarding treatment, 29.9% were taking drugs before referral. Conclusions: Most children in this study were preschoolers, an important age window. Later sleep time, TV in the bedroom, and parental dependence to fall asleep were frequent, revealing a broad area for intervention. The authors propose greater investment in training health professionals and caregivers working in the area, in order to promote the adoption of adequate sleep hygiene as a form of prevention.Introdução/Objetivo: A insónia comportamental é um distúrbio do sono frequente em idade pediátrica, com repercussões potencialmente negativas na saúde, comportamento e capacidade cognitiva das crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a população referenciada a uma consulta pediátrica do sono de um hospital terciário por insónia comportamental. Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo e descritivo baseado na revisão de processos clínicos de doentes seguidos por insónia na referida consulta especializada durante um período de oito anos (2008−2016). Os resultados são apresentados como mediana (mínimo–máximo), média (desvio padrão) e percentagem. Resultados: No total, 964 crianças foram referenciadas à consulta de sono, 162 (16.8%) das quais por insónia e 137 (14.2%) por insónia comportamental. A maioria (58.4%) era do sexo masculino e a mediana de idades aquando da referenciação foi de 45 meses (5 meses–18 anos). A mediana da hora de deitar foi 22:00 (20:00–4:00), tendo sido frequentes os despertares noturnos, sobretudo em idade pré-escolar. Relativamente às rotinas na hora de deitar, 62% das crianças não adormeciam sozinhas, 48.9% tinham televisão no quarto e 43.1% (11.9% das quais, adolescentes) precisavam de um objeto e 42.3% de luz acesa para adormecer. A maioria (62%) das crianças tinha uma rotina para adormecer, dependente do cuidador em crianças mais novas e de televisão e leitura nos adolescentes. Os sintomas diários mais frequentemente referidos foram sonolência em crianças mais velhas e irritabilidade em crianças mais novas. Relativamente ao tratamento, 29.9% encontrava-se a receber tratamento farmacológico antes da referenciação. Conclusão: A maioria das crianças neste estudo encontrava-se em idade pré-escolar, a qual constitui uma importante janela de atuação. A hora de deitar tardia, presença de televisão no quarto e dependência dos pais para adormecer foram frequentes, o que revela a necessidade de intervenção na área. Os autores propõem um maior investimento na formação dos profissionais de saúde e cuidadores, de modo a promover a adoção de medidas de higiene do sono adequadas como forma de prevenção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the entre Douro e Vouga region of northern Portugal: a multisource population-based study
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been increasing worldwide and the north-south gradient of prevalence may be disappearing in the Northern hemisphere. The few previous prevalence studies performed in Portugal have reported a lower prevalence than the average for Western Europe. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of MS in the Entre Douro e Vouga region, in Northern Portugal.
Methods: Multiple overlapping sources were used to ascertain all cases from the reference population: records from hospitals in the region and neighbouring regions; diagnostic databases of primary care physicians; and applications for disability benefits. The prevalence date was set at 1 January 2014. The reference population was 274,859 inhabitants. Patients' neurologists were contacted to retrieve clinical information and confirm the diagnosis based.
Results: A total of 177 patients were identified after eliminating duplicates from different sources. The female to male ratio was 1.9 and the mean age at disease onset was 33.5 (standard deviation: 10.3). Clinically isolated syndrome accounted for 9.0% of patients, relapsing remitting for 58.8%, secondary progressive for 20.3% and primary progressive for 11.8%. The prevalence was estimated in 64.4 patients per 100,000 (95% confidence interval: 54.9;73.9).
Conclusions: In this study we report a higher point prevalence of MS than had been previously described in Portugal, but still far from the higher values recently reported in other Southern European countries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
2020 Frank Stinchfield Award: Identifying who will fail following irrigation and debridement for prosthetic joint infection
Get PDFAims: Failure of irrigation and debridement (I&D) for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is influenced by numerous host, surgical, and pathogen-related factors. We aimed to develop and validate a practical, easy-to-use tool based on machine learning that may accurately predict outcome following I&D surgery taking into account the influence of numerous factors.
Methods: This was an international, multicentre retrospective study of 1,174 revision total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasties (TKA) undergoing I&D for PJI between January 2005 and December 2017. PJI was defined using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. A total of 52 variables including demographics, comorbidities, and clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated using random forest machine learning analysis. The algorithm was then verified through cross-validation.
Results: Of the 1,174 patients that were included in the study, 405 patients (34.5%) failed treatment. Using random forest analysis, an algorithm that provides the probability for failure for each specific patient was created. By order of importance, the ten most important variables associated with failure of I&D were serum CRP levels, positive blood cultures, indication for index arthroplasty other than osteoarthritis, not exchanging the modular components, use of immunosuppressive medication, late acute (haematogenous) infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, overlying skin infection, polymicrobial infection, and older age. The algorithm had good discriminatory capability (area under the curve = 0.74). Cross-validation showed similar probabilities comparing predicted and observed failures indicating high accuracy of the model.
Conclusion: This is the first study in the orthopaedic literature to use machine learning as a tool for predicting outcomes following I&D surgery. The developed algorithm provides the medical profession with a tool that can be employed in clinical decision-making and improve patient care. Future studies should aid in further validating this tool on additional cohorts. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):11-19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Maternal Eating Behavior and Problematic Eating Behaviors of Children Undergoing Weight Loss Treatment: A Cluster Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Research on the interplay between mothers' and children's eating behaviors is needed to better inform sensitive and tailored interventions for treatment-seeking children with overweight/obesity. The present study aimed to identify mothers' eating behavior phenotypes, investigating their associations with problematic eating behaviors of children undergoing weight loss treatment in two central hospitals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating 136 mother-child dyads (Mothers: age 39.58 ± 5.40 years; Children: n = 75 female; age 10.13 ± 1.37 years). Mothers' eating behavior (restraint, emotional, and uncontrolled eating) and depression/anxiety, and children's problematic eating attitudes/behaviors were assessed. A cluster analysis (K-means) was performed using mothers' eating behavior dimensions. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance investigated differences between clusters on mothers' and children's sociodemographic, anthropometric, psychological, and eating-related variables. Results: Three clusters emerged: The Disordered Eating group (n = 39) of mothers with the highest scores on emotional eating and uncontrolled eating dimensions, the Restraint Eating group (n = 48), including mothers scoring high in cognitive restraint, and the Low Disordered Eating (n = 49) group where mothers scored low in all eating behavior dimensions. Children of mothers in the Disordered Eating cluster had significantly higher emotional overeating relative to children of mothers in the other two clusters. Conclusions: Distinctive eating behavior profiles of mothers, instead of the presence of single eating behaviors, seem to be associated with specific problematic eating behaviors of children undergoing weight loss treatment. Prospective studies are essential to determine whether these profiles can predict differential weight change trajectories in pediatric obesity treatment.This research was partially conducted at the Psychology Research Center (PSI/01662), University of Minho, through support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology, and Higher Education (UID/PSI/01662/2019), through the national funds (PIDDAC), by grants to Eva Conceição (IF/01219/2014 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028209), and by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (K23-DK105234) to A.B.G. The funding body had no role in the design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the article; or the decision to submit the article for publication.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Trends in cirrhosis hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Complexity of Cardiotocographic Signals as A Predictor of Labor
Get PDFPrediction of labor is of extreme importance in obstetric care to allow for preventive measures, assuring that both baby and mother have the best possible care. In this work, the authors studied how important nonlinear parameters (entropy and compression) can be as labor predictors. Linear features retrieved from the SisPorto system for cardiotocogram analysis and nonlinear measures were used to predict labor in a dataset of 1072 antepartum tracings, at between 30 and 35 weeks of gestation. Two groups were defined: Group A-fetuses whose traces date was less than one or two weeks before labor, and Group B-fetuses whose traces date was at least one or two weeks before labor. Results suggest that, compared with linear features such as decelerations and variability indices, compression improves labor prediction both within one (C-Statistics of 0.728) and two weeks (C-Statistics of 0.704). Moreover, the correlation between compression and long-term variability was significantly different in groups A and B, denoting that compression and heart rate variability look at different information associated with whether the fetus is closer to or further from labor onset. Nonlinear measures, compression in particular, may be useful in improving labor prediction as a complement to other fetal heart rate features.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Left Lung and Pulmonary Artery Hypoplasia: A Rare Case of Hemoptysis
Get PDFPulmonary hypoplasia or agenesis is a rare congenital disorder that results in lung underdevelopment. This disease is usually found in children but rarely encountered in adults. We describe the case of an 84-year-old woman diagnosed with a unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia presenting simultaneously with left pulmonary artery hypoplasia. Due to this condition, the patient had a lifelong history of pulmonary infections that resulted in several bronchiectases in the affected lung. Moreover, the pulmonary artery hypoplasia led to the development of pulmonary hypertension and collateral circulation causing hemoptysis, giving rise to the patient attending the emergency department. Although we were able to medically manage the hemoptysis, it can be fatal and require surgical intervention. Hence, an early diagnosis is essential so that appropriate follow-up and prompt prevention and treatment of complications, such as pulmonary infections, hemoptysis and pulmonary hypertension, are achieved.
Learning points: Although rare and typically associated with childhood, lung and pulmonary artery hypoplasia can in exceptional cases be present in adult life.The diagnosis of lung and pulmonary artery hypoplasia is challenging in adults as they can easily be mistaken for more common diseases.Symptoms and complications may be life-threatening, including dyspnea, hemoptysis, recurrent pulmonary infections and pulmonary hypertension.An early diagnosis is extremely important because it allows a close follow-up with consequent timely detection and treatment of serious complications, especially pulmonary hypertension.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Síndrome de gitelman, uma condição rara: três casos clínicos e revisão da fisiopatologia
Get PDFIntroduction: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific. Herein are reported three cases of GS with different age of onset, clinical manifestations, and management.
Case Reports: Case 1 was a sixteen-year-old female, while Cases 2 and 3 presented at an atypical age (seven and eight years). Clinical manifestations mainly consisted of abdominal pain with vomits, together with past history of muscular weakness in Case 1. Diagnosis was based on usual electrolyte abnormalities, such as metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia. Genetic diagnosis was confirmed in Case 3. Patients were treated with oral potassium, magnesium, and spironolactone, with symptom and electrolytic profile improvement.
Discussion/Conclusions: GS is a rare condition that should be considered in cases of metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia and all pediatricians should be aware of. Diagnosis is established based on biochemical profile and treatment response.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Spontaneous systolic blood pressure drop early after mechanical thrombectomy predicts dramatic neurological recovery in ischaemic stroke patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Spontaneous blood pressure drop within the first 24 h has been reported following arterial recanalisation in ischaemic stroke patients. We aimed to assess if spontaneous blood pressure drop within the first hour after mechanical thrombectomy is a marker of early neurological recovery.
Patients and methods: Retrospective observational single-centre study including ischaemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Blood pressure parameters from admission, mechanical thrombectomy start, mechanical thrombectomy end and hourly within 24 h after mechanical thrombectomy were reviewed. Primary outcome was early dramatic neurological recovery (8-point-reduction in NIHSS or NIHSS ≤ 2 at 24 h). Secondary outcome was functional independence at 90 days (mRankin 0-2).
Results: We included 458 patients in our analysis. Two-hundred (43.7%) patients achieved dramatic neurological recovery following mechanical thrombectomy. One hour after mechanical thrombectomy end, median systolic blood pressure was significantly different between outcome groups (129 vs. 138 mmHg, p = 0.005) and a higher drop in median systolic blood pressure was seen in the dramatic neurological recovery group (15 vs. 9 mmHg). Optimal cut-off for predicting dramatic neurological recovery was a systolic blood pressure drop of 10.5 mmHg (sensitivity 0.54, specificity 0.55, AUC 0.55). On multivariate analysis, spontaneous systolic blood pressure drop was associated with higher odds of achieving dramatic neurological recovery (OR for 10 mmHg blood pressure drop 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29, p = 0.04). No significative association between any blood pressure parameter drop and functional independence at 90 days was found.
Discussion: We hypothesised that spontaneous systolic blood pressure drop is a marker of successful reperfusion and, therefore, a marker of improvement of cerebral autoregulation due to the reduced final ischaemic core.
Conclusion: Spontaneous systolic blood pressure drop after mechanical thrombectomy is an early predictor of dramatic neurological recovery.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
