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Mammary cancer models: an overview from the past to the future
Full text linkAbstract. Breast cancer research heavily relies on diverse model systems to comprehend disease progression, develop novel diagnostics, and evaluate new therapeutic strategies. This review offers a comprehensive overview of mammary cancer models, covering both ex vivo and in vivo approaches. We delve into established techniques, such as cell culture and explore cutting-edge advancements, like tumor-on-a-chip and bioprinting. The in vivo section encompasses spontaneous, induced, and transplanted models, genetically engineered models, chick chorioallantoic membrane assays, and the burgeoning field of in silico models. Additionally, this article briefly highlights the key discoveries made using these models, significantly enhancing our understanding of breast cancer. In essence, this article serves as a comprehensive compass, charting the trajectory of mammary cancer modeling from its early beginnings to the promising vistas of tomorrow
Renal biomarkers in companion animals - a review
Full text linkSimple Summary: Recent advancements in molecular biology have identified potential biomarkers for diagnosing kidney diseases. They may improve the specificity and sensitiv- ity of diagnoses, allowing early detection and intervention. This review discusses studies on urine and blood biomarkers, highlighting their importance in various clinical settings. Ongoing research is necessary to integrate these biomarkers into clinical practice for early diagnosis, intervention guidance, and the monitoring of disease progression
Exploring the therapeutical potential of Quercus ilex extract in papillomavirus-induced lesions.
No full textBackground and Aim: Papillomaviruses (PVs) infections have been documented in numerous animal species across different regions worldwide. They often exert significant impacts on animal health and livestock production. Scientists have studied natural products for over half a century due to their diverse chemical composition, acknowledging their value in fighting cancer. Acorns (Quercus ilex) are believed to have several unexplored pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo safety and cancer chemopreventive activity of an infusion extract of Q. ilex in a transgenic mouse model of human PV (HPV)-16, which developed squamous cell carcinomas through a multistep process driven by HPV16 oncogenes.
Materials and Methods: Q. ilex extract was prepared by heating in water at 90°C and then characterized by mass spectrometry. Phenolic compounds from this extract were administered in drinking water to female mice in three different concentrations (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 g/mL) over a period of 28 consecutive days. Six groups (n = 6) were formed for this study: group 1 (G1, wildtype [WT], water), group 2 (G2, HPV, water), group 3 (G3, WT, 0.09 g/mL), group 4 (G4, HPV, 0.03 g/mL), group 5 (G5, HPV, 0.06 g/ mL), and group 6 (G6, HPV, 0.09 g/mL). Throughout the experiment, humane endpoints, body weight, food intake, and water consumption were recorded weekly. Following the experimental period, all mice were sacrificed, and blood, internal organs, and skin samples were collected. Blood was used to measure glucose and microhematocrit and later biochemical parameters, such as creatinine, urea, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and total proteins. Histological analysis was performed on skin and organ samples.
Results: The administration of Q. ilex extract resulted in a statistically significant increase in relative organ weight among HPV transgenic animals, indicating adaptive biological response to the tested concentrations. Moreover, a reduction in characteristic skin lesions was observed in animals treated with the 0.06 and 0.09 g/mL extract.
Conclusion: These results provide a favorable chemopreventive profile for Q. ilex extract at concentrations of 0.06 and 0.09 g/mL. This study highlights the potential of Q. ilex extract as a safe and effective therapeutic strategy against HPV16- associated lesions in transgenic mouse models. The limitation of our study was the durability of transgenic animals. As a more sensitive species, we must always be careful with the durability of the test. We intend to study concentrations of 0.06 and 0.09 g/mL for longer to further investigate their possible effects
Effects of ladder-climbing exercise on mammary cancer: data from a chemically induced rat model.
Full text linkBreast cancer is a major health concern for both humans and companion animals, particularly female dogs and cats. This study explores whether resistance training can influence the development of mammary cancer in female rats. The rats were divided into four groups, including those that exercised by climbing a ladder with increasing weight three times a week for 18 weeks. At the end of the study, tumor development, inflammation, and overall health were assessed. While tumors appeared slightly earlier and in more animals that exercised, these tumors were less aggressive, and the mortality rate was lower. Importantly, no signs of harmful systemic inflammation were found. Exercise is known to support health by improving fitness, strengthening immunity, and enhancing metabolism. These findings suggest that resistance training may have potential benefits in managing mammary cancer in pets. However, more research is needed to confirm how exercise can be safely and effectively used in veterinary medicine
Chemical carcinogens
No full textThis chapter is part of the Handbook of Cancer and Immunology, composed of various volumes addressing several aspects of different cancers, like cancer biology, immunology, interaction with microenvironment, diagnosis, and treatment. This work aimed to provide the readers with an overview of chemical carcinogens, reviewing origin of these chemical agents, their classification, and metabolization, beyond the process of carcinogenesis and the role of these compounds on it. Chemical carcinogens may be classified as genotoxic or non-genotoxic considering its interaction or not with cells’ DNA. Approximately 25% of all chemical carcinogens are considered direct compounds, interacting with DNA without previous metabolization. Chemical carcinogens have been used for many years to induce cancer development in target organs in several experimental assays, and their effectiveness depends on the species, dose, route and duration of exposure, and the animals’ age at the administration. An illustration of the process of carcinogenesis and its interaction with the chemical compounds was provided, as well as a list of chemical compounds carcinogenic and probably carcinogenic to humans. This chapter was written by two researchers with a settled experience in the field of oncology, mainly on the development of animal models of cancer chemically induced
Transition matrices characterizing a certain totally discontinuous map of the interval
No full textWe study a totally discontinuous interval map defined in [0,1] which is associated to a deformation of the shift map on two symbols 0−1. We define a sequence of transition matrices which characterizes the effect of the interval map on a family of partitions of the interval [0,1]. Recursive algorithms that build the sequence of matrices and their left and right eigenvectors are deduced. Moreover, we compute the Artin zeta function for the interval map
Sobre a atribuição judicial provisória do direito de utilizar a casa de morada da família
No full textNo âmbito do processo de divórcio ou de separação de pessoas e bens sem consentimento de um dos cônjuges, a norma contida no n.º 7 do artigo 931.º do Código de Processo Civil permite suscitar incidente(s) destinado(s) a fixar judicialmente regimes provisórios quanto a alimentos, quanto à regulação das responsabilidades parentais e/ou quanto à utilização da casa de morada da família. A interpretação e aplicação desta norma, concisa e lacunar, e a sua articulação com outras normas e princípios têm suscitado problemas e divergências persistentes. Umas dizem respeito à natureza e à tramitação do incidente, outras referem-se à duração dos regimes provisórios mencionados e outras, no que à casa concerne, quando esta é bem próprio de um dos cônjuges, é bem comum destes ou pertence a ambos em compropriedade, são relativas a questões de natureza patrimonial. Este estudo aponta o enquadramento e antecedentes da norma em apreço, o seu sentido e alcance aparentes, os seus defeitos e, bem assim, problemas e divergências que se têm verificado quanto à matéria referida no título. Faz perguntas e procura dar respostas
Equine influenza: a comprehensive review from aetiology to treatment
No full textInfluenza is an extremely contagious respiratory disease, which predominantly affects the upper respiratory tract. There are four types of influenza virus, and pigs and chickens are considered two key reservoirs of this virus. Equine influenza (EI) virus was first identified in horses in 1956, in Prague. The influenza A viruses responsible for EI are H7N7 and H3N8. Outbreaks of EI are characterized by their visible and rapid spread, and it has been possible to isolate and characterize H3N8 outbreaks in several countries. The clinical diagnosis of this disease is based on the clinical signs presented by the infected animals, which can be confirmed by performing complementary diagnostic tests. In the diagnosis of EI, in the field, rapid antigen detection tests can be used for a first approach. Treatment is based on the management of the disease and rest for the animal. Regarding the prognosis, it will depend on several factors, such as the animal's vaccination status. One of the important points in this disease is its prevention, which can be done through vaccination. In addition to decreasing the severity of clinical signs and morbidity during outbreaks, vaccination ensures immunity for the animals, reducing the economic impact of this disease
«Anotação ao artigo 1577.º do Código Civil»
No full textPrecedido de nota prévia, de uma lista de abreviaturas e da transcrição da versão actual do artigo 1577.º do Código Civil português — «(Noção de casamento)», com a redacção proveniente da Lei n.º 9/2010, de 31-05 —, este estudo contém as anteriores noções legais portuguesas de casamento civil (de 1867, 1910, 1966 e 1977), sem esquecer a citação de outras normas relevantes (nacionais e internacionais), indica numerosa bibliografia que permite compreender o alcance das alterações verificadas, especialmente da mais recente, e aponta jurisprudência judicial directa e indirectamente relevante (não apenas portuguesa), sem abstrair de acórdãos do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos. Em suma, pretende resumidamente dar nota de questões essenciais que a noção de casamento suscita e das fontes cuja consulta e ponderação parece ser particularmente útil para a análise de tais questões
Anotação ao artigo 1793.º (Casa de Morada da Família)
No full text1. Antecedentes; 2. Bibliografia; 3. Jurisprudência; 4. Noção e qualificação; 5. Aplicabilidade e constitucionalidade; 6. Pedido de atribuição; 7. Critério de atribuição; 8. Regras e condições do arrendamento; 9. Alteração do regime fixado ou cessação do arrendamento