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Anatomical and Physiological Bases of Food Perception
No full textThe perception and appreciation of the sensory qualities of foods largely determine their acceptance by consumers. Food sensory perception starts with the senses and their unique sensory systems, which detect, encode and relay different information inputs to the brain in response to exposure to food stimuli. This chapter describes the anatomical and physiological bases of such processes, from a biological perspective, and how they may vary across individuals, focusing on the structures involved in food stimuli detection in the oral cavity, i.e., while eating. Its initial sections provide an overview of the mechanisms responsible for taste, olfaction and somatosensation. The role played by saliva in food perception is presented, since this is the fluid that mixes with food, in the mouth, interacting with oral structures and food molecules. Moreover, the way sensory information is transmitted and integrated in the brain, leading to the final perception, will be discussed. The final sections of the present chapter will present the state of the art regarding the effects of physiological and metabolic factors on oral food perception, including variations occurring across the human lifespan
Urban Regeneration, Business Improvement Districts and Retail Revitalization
No full textThis chapter begins by presenting some considerations about urban regeneration, through a review of the scientific literature regarding the origin of the concept while placing it in relation to other “re” phenomena and processes that have emerged as trends in the urban space: reurbanization, revitalization, restructuring, recomposition, renewal, rehabilitation, and requalification, etc. Secondly, a number of assumptions and defining traits of urban regeneration processes, principles which simultaneously guide the theory as well as the practice
of these processes within urban planning - such as the need to be comprehensive, integrated, strategic, flexible, based on partnerships and promoting sustainability/resilience – are discussed in detail. Within this problematization, the evolution of the concept throughout the last five decades will also be addressed, according to various changes in the socio-economic and political-ideological context of urban space, from fordism to post-fordism, bearing in mind the main key actors and stakeholders as well as the leading strategies and concerns in urban politics. Thirdly, business improvements districts, acknowledged as privileged instruments to lever urban regeneration processes in contemporary societies, are addressed in order to better grasp how they reshape urban
landscapes and the challenges they pose to the retail revitalization of urban environments
Shaping Clinical Reasoning.
No full textClinical reasoning is at the core of all health-related professions, and it is long recognized as a critical skill for clinical practice. Yet, it is difficult to characterize it, as clinical reasoning combines different high-thinking abilities. Also, it is not content that is historically taught or learned in a particular subject. But clinical reasoning became increasingly visible when this competency is explicitly stated in the curricula of educational programs in health-related professions. Teaching and learning an abstract concept such as clinical reasoning in complement to the core knowledge and the procedural competencies expected from healthcare professionals raises some concerns regarding its implementation, the best way to do it, and how to assess it. This book chapter intends to discuss the need to invest in the development of clinical reasoning skills in the health-related graduation programme. It addresses some of the pedagogical and theoretical frameworks for fostering high-level reasoning and problem-solving skills in the clinical areas and the effectiveness and success of different pedagogic activities to develop and shape clinical reasoning throughout the curriculum
Envelhecimento, bem-estar e religiosidade
No full textA religiosidade tem sido associada a melhor saúde física e mental e a uma maior sensação de bem-estar ao longo da vida. Este estudo explora as relações entre religiosidade, bem-estar e envelhecimento e conta com uma amostra de trezentos e treze adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 46 e os 84 anos, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, à Escala de Sentido Religioso e ao Mental Health Continuum – Short Form. Os resultados sugeriram que pessoas mais velhas, com menor escolaridade, reformadas/desempregadas, religiosas, crentes praticantes e com boa autoperceção de saúde têm níveis mais elevados de bem-estar. Ser mulher, ter menos escolaridade e ser religioso não católico associou-se a níveis mais altos de religiosidade. O florescimento psicológico e todas as dimensões do bem-estar (total, emocional, social e psicológico) associaram-se positivamente com a religiosidade. Os resultados reforçam a importância da religiosidade como fator protetor do bem-estar no envelhecimento; - Ageing, Well-being and Religiosity
Abstract:
Religiosity has been associated with better physical and mental health and a greater sense of well-being throughout life. This study explores the relationship between religiosity, wellbeing and ageing and has a sample of three hundred and thirteen adults, aged between 46 and 84, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Sense of Religion Scale and the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form. The results suggested that people who were older, had less schooling, were retired/unemployed, religious, practiced believers and had a good self-perception of health had higher levels of well-being. Being female, having less schooling and being non-Catholic religious were associated with higher levels of religiosity. Psychological flourishing and all dimensions of well-being (total, emotional, social and psychological) were positively associated with religiosity. The results reinforce the importance of religiosity as a protective factor for well-being in ageing
Women and Archaeological Collecting in Portugal (1893–1930).
No full textThe study of the history of archaeology based on scientific practice shows that a wide range of actors systematically were active in the field. Far from playing a passive role, their contribution was essential for the process of increasing our knowledge about the past. However, in Portugal, as in other western countries, research has focused on the importance of a small number of figures and their contribution to the recognition of the field. There is a need not only for revealing the details of the lives of the main figures involved but also examining and analysing the contribution of an array of other actors who also strove to promote the advance of archaeology and who are invisible. When we take into account the role of these actors, including women, a more nuanced, more complex scenario emerges as compared with that which has been portrayed by historiographers up until now. From the standpoint of the History of Science and the study of scientific practice, historical sources are examined with a view to identifying women involved in archaeological collecting in Portugal in the mostly male-inhabited context of scientific development that took place from 1850 to 1930
O gosto alimentar contemporâneo no Brasil: perspectivas analíticas e guias turísticos
No full textEsta investigação sobre o gosto alimentar contemporâneo no Brasil aborda o
período entre o final do século XX e início do XXI, com base em uma análise de guias turísticos
e gastronômicos. O objetivo é historicizar o gosto, observando como ele se forma, se expressa
e se transforma dentro de perspectivas históricas, culturais e sociais específicas. A metodologia
de pesquisa adota três caminhos investigativos, permitindo definir um conjunto de normas e
procedimentos: jogos de escalas, história cruzada e história dos conceitos. O gosto alimentar é
apresentado como um conceito complexo e multifacetado, investigado a partir de uma
perspectiva histórica e filosófica, com base nas ideias de Nicola Perullo e outros autores, como
Massimo Montanari e Steven Shapin. A análise abrange a distinção entre o plano fisiológico e
o cultural do gosto, além de considerar as influências históricas que moldaram a percepção
contemporânea de “boa comida”. O gosto alimentar é investigado a partir de avaliações
gastronômicas descritas nos guias, voltadas para a interpretação e comunicação de experiências
sensoriais e estéticas. As avaliações, tratadas como fontes, fornecem acesso privilegiado e
perspectiva histórica sobre como os valores estéticos são atribuídos aos alimentos. As
avaliações operam não apenas para descrever as características sensoriais, mas também para
estabelecer normas e sistemas de valores capazes de influenciar a cultura alimentar e uma
percepção de “bom gosto”. A análise de guias gastronômicos sobre o gosto alimentar no Brasil
inclui uma diversidade de publicações, como o Guia Quatro Rodas (1997 e 2013), o Guia
Michelin sobre Portugal e Espanha (1997 e 2013), o Guia Instituto Estrada Real (2005) e
o Food & Cooking South America (2006). Esses guias avaliam cozinhas regionais e
internacionais, indicando uma acentuada tendência à valorização de técnicas e influências
europeias, especialmente francesas e italianas. Mesmo com a presença de pratos típicos
brasileiros, a atenção dada às tradições culinárias locais foi menor em comparação com a ênfase
nas cozinhas internacionais. Assim, o gosto alimentar no Brasil contemporâneo foi analisado a
partir de reflexões sobre memória. A tese sugere como o gosto doce, enraizado na cultura
alimentar brasileira, apresenta heranças indígenas e influências coloniais. O esquecimento,
como um elemento significativo no processo de desconexão com o passado, desafia a
compreensão crítica dos valores gustativos. A ideia de “um tempo sem história” expõe esse
afastamento histórico, questionando a expressão de uma memória coletiva alimentar e
resultando em lacunas capazes de dificultar o desenvolvimento de um gosto conectado de
maneira consciente às tradições e valores históricos. Observa-se, então, o preconceito nas
práticas alimentares como parte das expressões do gosto alimentar contemporâneo no Brasil,
onde avaliações gastronômicas favorecem determinadas matrizes culturais e contribuem para
uma invisibilidade da diversidade alimentar no país; - CONTEMPORARY FOOD TASTE IN BRAZIL: ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVES AND
TOURIST GUIDES
ABSTRACT: This investigation into contemporary food taste in Brazil addresses the period
between the late 20th century and early 21st century, based on an analysis of tourist and
gastronomic guides. The goal is to historicize taste, observing how it is formed, expressed, and
transformed within specific historical, cultural, and social perspectives. The research
methodology adopts three investigative approaches, allowing for the definition of a set of norms
and procedures: scale games, cross-history, and the history of concepts. Food taste is presented
as a complex and multifaceted concept, investigated from a historical and philosophical
perspective, drawing on the ideas of Nicola Perullo and other authors such as Massimo
Montanari and Steven Shapin. The analysis includes the distinction between the physiological
and cultural dimensions of taste, while also considering the historical influences that have
shaped the contemporary perception of “good food”. Food taste is explored through
gastronomic evaluations described in the guides, focused on interpreting and communicating
sensory and aesthetic experiences. These evaluations, treated as sources, provide privileged
access and a historical perspective on how aesthetic values are attributed to food. The
evaluations not only operate to describe sensory characteristics but also to establish norms and
value systems capable of influencing food culture and shaping a perception of “good taste”.
The analysis of gastronomic guides on food taste in Brazil includes a variety of publications
such as the Guia Quatro Rodas (1997 and 2013), the Michelin Guide for Portugal and Spain
(1997 and 2013), the Instituto Estrada Real Guide (2005), and Food & Cooking South America
(2006). These guides evaluate both regional and international cuisines, highlighting a marked
tendency to value European techniques and influences, particularly French and Italian. Even
with the presence of typical Brazilian dishes, the attention given to local culinary traditions
was less in comparison to the emphasis on international cuisines. Thus, contemporary food
taste in Brazil was analyzed through reflections on memory. The thesis suggests that the sweet
taste, rooted in Brazilian food culture, presents both indigenous heritage and colonial
influences. Forgetfulness, as a significant element in the process of disconnection from the past,
challenges the critical understanding of taste values. The idea of 'a time without history'
exposes this historical distancing, questioning the expression of a collective food memory and
resulting in gaps that hinder the development of a taste consciously connected to historical
traditions and values. Prejudice in food practices is then observed as part of the expressions of
contemporary food taste in Brazil, where gastronomic evaluations favor certain cultural
matrices and contribute to the invisibility of the country’s food diversity
Lives and legacies - a study of skeletal remains and archaeological assemblage of Jesuit professors at the University of Évora
No full textThis study examines the Jesuit funerary context of the Chapel of Santa Catarina de
Alexandria (Church of Espírito Santo, Évora, Portugal), where excavations (2020–
2021) uncovered five skeletons likely belonging to members of the Order (16th–18th
centuries). Preserved in anatomical position with their burial assemblage, they
provide new insights into Jesuit lifeways in Early Modern Portugal. Osteological
and isotopic analyses revealed stress in childhood but improved conditions in
adulthood, while isotopic signatures suggest origins mainly south of the Tagus
River, consistent with historical sources. A multi-analytical archaeometric approach
(microscopy, FT-IR, VP-SEM/EDS, µ-Raman, XRD) identified wool cassocks, iron
clasps, bone rosary beads, and a brass devotional medal, reflecting Ignatian ideals
of modesty. Integrating archival, bioarchaeological, and archaeometric evidence,
this thesis presents the first interdisciplinary framework for the Jesuit community of
Évora, showing how religious identity and communal belonging were materially
expressed in burial practices; - Vidas e legados
Um estudo dos vestígios esqueléticos e do conjunto arqueológico dos
professores jesuítas da Universidade de Évora
Resumo:
Este estudo analisa o contexto funerário jesuíta da Capela de Santa Catarina de
Alexandria (Igreja do Espírito Santo, Évora), onde escavações em 2020–2021
revelaram cinco esqueletos de prováveis membros da Ordem (séculos XVI–XVIII).
Preservados em posição anatómica com o espólio funerário, oferecem novas
perspetivas sobre os modos de vida jesuítas na Época Moderna. As análises
osteológicas e isotópicas revelaram estresse infantil, mas melhores condições na
idade adulta, enquanto as assinaturas isotópicas apontam origens sobretudo a sul
do Tejo, em consonância com as fontes históricas. A análise arqueométrica
(microscopia, FT-IR, VP-SEM/EDS, µ-Raman, XRD) identificou batinas de lã,
fechos de ferro, contas de rosário em osso e uma medalha devocional de latão,
refletindo ideais inacianos de modéstia. Integrando dados arquivísticos,
bioarqueológicos e arqueométricos, a tese propõe o primeiro enquadramento
interdisciplinar da comunidade jesuíta de Évora, mostrando como identidade
religiosa e pertença comunitária se materializaram nas práticas funerárias
Demonstration of the SOLARSCO2OL sCO2 power cycle for future hybrid CSP-PV plants at the Évora Molten Salt Platform
No full textSOLARSCO2OL is an EU funded project that started in October 2020 with the following main objectives: to demonstrate a MW-scale recuperated supercritical CO2 (s CO2) power cycle operating from molten salts; to
demonstrate a MW-scale molten salt electric heater to enable active hybridization of CSP and PV; and to investigate novel hybrid PV and CSP plants using sCO2 power blocks. The design of the key components and sub-systems of the cycle, namely the primary heater, the recuperator, the turbine, the compressor and the cooler and other balance of plant sub-systems, has advanced according to plan. The original demonstration plans, however, faced difficulties due to unforeseen market conditions, which in turn led to delays and to re-planning of the demo-site. Initially the demonstration campaign was targeted to be realized at the premises of La Africana
power plant in Southern Spain, for which a completely new purposely-built facility for testing would have been erected. Instead, to overcome this challenge it is proposed to build upon existing facilities using molten salts.
For this purpose, the Évora Molten Salt Platform (EMSP) has been identified as the most suitable industrial-scale facility in EU able to accommodate the plant, allowing to build upon existing molten salt systems and related expertise. The EMSP is a top stat-of-the-art recently inaugurated facility that hosts a first-of-its-kind molten salt parabolic trough collector system and a high temperature molten salt thermal energy storage (TES) system. It is owened by the University of Évora, and jointly managed and operated with the German Aerospace Center
(DLR). Pre-existence of these systems would enable the SOLARSCO2OL consortium to save costs, while at the
same time the demonstration of the technology at the premises of the EMSP would further enhance the visbility of the site and guarantee continuation in the operation of the facility while being extended to accommodate
innovative components, thereby making the EMSP even more unique and positioning it as the first installation in EU and worldwide to host a MW-scale hybrid PV-CSP-sCO2 system. Through this integration, the SOLARSCO2OL consortium also welcomes University of Évora and DLR as project partners, whom bring on board additional skills and expertise in the field of CSP, complementary to the project.
The successful operation of this demonstration will largely advance the maturity and readiness level of molten salts based sCO2 CSP plants enabling future large scale and commercial applications. This paper presents a
preliminary description of demo plant and up-scaled molten salt hybrid PV-CSP-sCO2 systems
The management of archaeological remains in Portugal 1893-1932: private collectors and the development of the National Archaeological Museum. Archéologie en musée et identités nationales en Europe (1848-1914): Un héritage en quête de nouveaux défis au 21e siècle (ed. C. Louboutin, A. Lehoërf). Leiden: pp. 239-252.
No full textThe National Archaeological Museum in Portugal was established in 1893 and initially housed in the Lisbon Academy of Science building. State policy envisaged the definition and representation in museological terms of the history and identity of the nation, while the personal interests and ambitions of José Leite de Vasconcelos (1858-1941), the first director, are evident in the result. The strategy for growing collections was so successful that the museum had to be moved to the Jerónimos monastery in 1900, where collections could be expanded, a location which was better suited to the public and patriotic ideals pursued. When it was first created in Lisbon, the national museum sought to document a pre-Roman national identity. The director of the museum was supported in this aim by the high level of interest in collecting among private individuals throughout the country. This movement flourished in the absence of regulation within the field of archaeology, while individual collectors used their academic and professional knowledge in other fields to record and conserve objects which otherwise would have been lost or destroyed. The multitude of private collectors all over the country contributed to the success of the museum: some sent information, documentation and numerous objects which helped to develop the archaeological collections of the institution, while others competed with it at the local level for the possession of objects and the investigation of archaeological sites that were relevant for the construction of the memory of the nation. These practices continued on an informal basis until 1932, when new laws, created to regulate the field of archaeology as a whole, began to limit the activity of private individuals interested in preserving and studying remains and identity at the regional and national level as part of romantic interest in the study of “the country” and “the Portuguese”
The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention
No full textThis handbook makes a contribution to the fields of organizational psychology and human resource management by providing comprehensive coverage of the contemporary field of employee recruitment, selection and retention