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Студент: объект и субъект воспитания
Get PDFВ статье рассматриваются проблемы воспитания студенческой молодежи.
Раскрыты возможности воспитательного потенциала курса «Основы психологии
и педагогики». Уделено внимание формированию таких черт характера как
самостоятельность, умение управлять собой, самоконтроля, ответственность, чувство
долга и дрThe article discusses the problems of educating students. Attention is paid to the
formation of such character traits as independence, self-management, self-control, responsibility, sense of duty, et
Nauczyciele realizujący edukację włączającą wobec pracy a ich nadzieja na sukces
Get PDFChanges in education having a structural-functional character are not without an
effect on the teachers. There are in fact cognitive patterns with which people, having limited adaptability, operate in conditions of profound social change. Man is not able to produce new cognitive structures that correspond to changes in the environment or social work in a short period of time. The lack of these structures often prevents adequate perception of changes, raises anxieties and negative emotions, deepens stress and shapes attitudes. The character and scale of changes in education are sometimes in conflict with existing beliefs, views and attitudes of teachers, which may cause the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance and affect the attitudes towards work. It happens especially when there are limited opportunities to achieve professional success that determines the implementation of their personal and professional plansZmiany w oświacie mające charakter strukturalno-funkcjonalny nie pozostają bez wpływu na nauczycieli. Istniejące bowiem schematy poznawcze, z którymi ludzie funkcjonują w warunkach głębokiej zmiany społecznej, mają ograniczone możliwości adaptacyjne. Człowiek nie jest w stanie wytworzyć w krótkim przedziale czasowym nowych struktur poznawczych, które odpowiadałyby zmianom w jego środowisku społecznym czy zawodowym. Brak tych struktur uniemożliwia często adekwatne spostrzeganie zachodzących zmian, rodzi niepokoje i negatywne emocje, pogłębia stresy, kształtuje postawy. Charakter i skala zmian w oświacie pozostają niekiedy w sprzeczności z dotychczasowymi przekonaniami, poglądami i postawami nauczycieli, co może wywoływać zjawisko dysonansu poznawczego i rzutować na przejawiane postawy wobec pracy. Zwłaszcza gdy dostrzega się ograniczone możliwości odniesienia sukcesu zawodowego stanowiącego o realizacji własnych planów życiowych i zawodowyc
The capture of Jerusalem by the muslims in 634
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to show that there is an alternative way to reconstruct the Muslim conquest of Roman Levant, which is actually militarily more plausible than the current consensus view among historian
The site of Shaym Qalʿa, Marw oasis: reconsidering the chain of information
Get PDFThe ancient city of Marw, Turkmenistan, represents a unique case study for having been the object of many archaeological expeditions, from the pioneering mission of R. Pumpelly (1903-1904) to the most recent aerial-topographic studies of T. Williams “The Ancient Merv Project” (2001-2003). Nevertheless, the settlement dynamics during the transition from Late Sasanian to Early Islamic period (7th-8th cs. A.D.) are not well understood. This contribution focuses on some observations on the site of Shaym Qal.a, a quadrangular area close to the modern tepe of Gyaur Qal.a. The latter one represents the hellenistic Antiochia Margiana later determined to be an important shahrestan of the Sasanian’s northeastern territories. At first, it was hypothesized that Shaym Qal.a was a Seljuks military camp (11th-12th cs.), however recent archaeological studies have uncovered elements which could backdate the site to the 8th century. These data go along with Yakubovskii and Bosworth (1991) statements about the ancient Marw; so, the actual hypothesis is that Shaym Qal.a is an Early Islamic military camp, that is a mi.r. This paper illustrates this latter hypothesis including the favorable points challenges. In addition, this paper verifies two ancient authors, al-.abari and al-Muqaddasi. Through the readings of the Islamic historians the identification of Shaym Qal.a can be reconsidered
Morality as a criterion for a clause of good practices in the light of selected acts of Polish commercial law
Get PDFArtykuł z wykorzystaniem metody historyczno-prawnej prezentuje związek zachodzący pomiędzy pozaprawną aksjologią a normami prawa gospodarczego. Normy z zakresu moralności przedstawiono jako jedno z kryteriów klauzuli dobrych obyczajów. Pluralizm aksjologiczny postuluje, aby kryterium moralności było rozpatrywane w świetle wartości konstytucyjnych. Swoboda działalności gospodarczej stanowi podstawową wartość, która może zostać ograniczona jedynie na mocy ustaw. Jednocześnie normy prawne wymagają uzasadnienia przez system norm moralnych. Pozaprawne normy inkorporowane do systemu prawa gospodarczego uelastyczniają obrót gospodarczy i pozwalają sędziemu na rozwiązywanie konfliktów w zakresie działalności gospodarczejThis article employing historical-legal methods presents the relationship between an extra-legal axiology and the norms of commercial law. The standard of morality is presented among several criteria of the good practices clause. Axiological pluralism demands that the criterion of morality be recognized in the light of constitutional values. Freedom of economic trade is a basic value that can only be restricted by law. At the same time, legal norms require justification through the system of moral norms. Non-legal norms incorporated into the system of commercial law make trade more flexible and allow a judge to resolve conflicts in economic trad
Rosyjska matryca cywilizacyjna a biurokracja
Get PDFThe article discusses the issue of Russian code of civilization, taking into account the context of the phenomenon of excessive bureaucracy. Attention was drawn to the ideas and definitions of the civilization matrix currently functioning in the Russian intellectual discourse. In the territorial extent of this largest of states, in the historical events of the nation (for example Mongol slavery and succession of the Byzantine schema) and in cultural deficits and oriental influences, as well as in the role of religion one can find the reasons for the originality of Russia's culture and its bureaucrac
Вклад Мартина Лютера в формирование бюрократического немецкого языка
Get PDFThe article attempts to identify the connection between the Protestant Refor-mation and bureaucratization of life in German city-States. According to the author, the development of school education served as a direct impetus for the linguistic unification and bureaucratization of the German society. The open-ing of schools and their work on certain school programs solved the problems of religious education and the spread of a special (Lutheran) version of Christi-anity. A special role in this process was played by the German language, which had already reached a certain level of unification by the beginning of the XVI century, but “picked up” by Luther and put him in the service of Christian sal-vation through faith and the Divine message. The consolidation of school and religious rules is reflected in the Church statute
«Ябеда всеплодна»: система делопроизводства в зеркале сатир А.Д. Кантемира
Get PDFThe paper is a continuation of series of author's publications on Antioch Cantemir’s satires in the light of poetics and deals with principles of manage-ment system representation in satires. The main principle of this system is sidestepping of the law. The mechanism of sidestepping – bribes, servitude, flat-tery, etc. – is reflected in the mirror of satire in all detail. Cantemir’s scheme of the bureaucratic world turned out to be in demand in Russian literature. “Slander”, “red cloth”, “bribes” and many other elements from Cantemir’s fund were actively used in Russian satires and comedies in the 18th-20th centurie
Языковая репрезентация взаимодействия между обществом и государством в очерках Андре Жида „Возвращение из СССР” и поправки к моему «Возвращению из СССР»
Get PDFFor a long time André Gide had been considered as one of the loyal "friends of the U.S.S.R.". However, after his trip to the Soviet Union in 1936, he published essays in which he expressed his strong disappointment. In this article main lan-guage features that are used for the transmission of the author’s impression
s from the journey are analyzed, in particular the degree of interference of the to-talitarian state in the citizens’ life and the consequences of this interference
„Bureaucrazy”, czyli uchodźcy w niewoli procedur. O biurokracji w "Gehen, ging, gegangen" (2015) Jenny Erpenbeck
Get PDFThe paper deals with the portrayal of bureaucracy in Gehen, ging, gegangen (2015) by Jenny Erpenbeck, a novel that explores the European migrant cri-sis through the eyes of Richard, a recently retired professor of classics, who begins to interview refugees in Berlin. Erpenbeck’s work is a compendium of refugees’ stories, a novel about displaced persons in kafkaesque bureaucratic situations. The author describes two worlds, which ostensibly have nothing to do with each other : that of the widowed classical philologist and the young men from Guinea, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Mali. Their lives and mindscapes are fundamentally different from one anothers. While Richard occupies himself more and more intensely with the refugees by giving help and German les-sons, the reader becomes increasingly familiar with a much bigger problem relating to the fact that these young men are not allowed to work or travel: the German bureaucracy and the legislation of the European Union have damned them to idleness. Without any real prospects, they simply hang around together, sometimes with more and sometimes with less patienc