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La vulnerabilidad del estado nutricio de los adultos mayores de una localidad de la Huasteca Potosina en un contexto de variabilidad climàtica
No full textSince the World Health Organization (WHO) gave its interpretation of what health is, different models have sprung up, with Environmental Health being one of the most recognized at the global level, thanks to its holistic approach. For this research, a methodological model was designed to diagnose the nutritional status of older adults in a population through anthropometric indicators, clinical indicators, movement function indicators, dietary indicators and social-psychosocial indicators; This diagnosis, in conjunction with the climatic and socio-environmental context of vulnerability of the participants, allowed to identify elements of vulnerability of the nutritional status of the elderly. This model was worked from the reference frameworks of Environmental Health and Food Safety. An exploratory and descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with older adults from the "Nuevo Aquismón" locality in the Huasteca potosina, where there is evidence of climatic variability as a consequence of the current climate change and which, moreover, presents a high degree of marginalization. Through a statistical analysis of frequencies and prevalences, relevant elements of nutritional status vulnerability were identified, same that correspond to: deficit or excess of the Recommended Daily Intake of energy, the low consumption of the following elements in the diet: fruits and vegetables, meats, water / liquids; a high consumption of carbohydrates in the diet, the self-perception that their nutritional status is "optimal", the stress they presently present, the fact of living alone in their homes, the presence of armed groups in the locality, the null access to improved water sources and improved sanitation services, low monthly income, low educational level and the raising of animals at home.Desde que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) dio su interpretación de lo que la salud representa, se han originado diversos modelos, siendo el de la Salud Ambiental uno de los más reconocidos actualmente a nivel mundial, esto gracias a su enfoque holístico. Para esta investigación se diseñó un modelo metodológico que permitiera diagnosticar el estado nutricio de adultos mayores de una población mediante indicadores antropométricos, clínicos, de la función del movimiento, dietéticos y sociales-psicosociales; tal diagnóstico en conjunto con el contexto climático y socioambiental de vulnerabilidad de los participantes, permitieron identificar elementos de vulnerabilidad del estado nutricio de los adultos mayores. Dicho modelo se trabajó a partir de los marcos de referencia de la Salud Ambiental y de la Seguridad Alimentaria. Se hizo un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de corte transversal con adultos mayores de la localidad “Nuevo Aquismón” en la Huasteca potosina, donde hay evidencia de variabilidad climática como consecuencia del actual cambio climático y que, además, presenta un alto grado de marginación. Mediante un análisis estadístico de frecuencias y de prevalencias, se identificaron elementos relevantes de vulnerabilidad del estado nutricio, mismos que corresponden a: déficit o exceso de la Ingesta Diaria Recomendada de energía, el bajo consumo de los siguientes elementos en la dieta: frutas y verduras, carnes, agua/líquidos; un alto consumo de carbohidratos en la dieta, la auto-percepción de que su estado nutricional es “óptimo”, el estrés que presentan actualmente, el hecho de vivir solos en sus hogares, la presencia de grupos armados en la localidad, el nulo acceso a fuentes de agua mejoradas y a servicios de saneamiento mejorados, el bajo ingreso mensual, el bajo nivel educativo que presentan y la crianza de animales en casa
Polimorfismos genéticos asociados a enfermedades óseas y fluorosis dental en población expuesta a flúor a través del agua de consumo
No full textLack of water has originated the exploitation of aquifers, which, based on the lithological and structural characteristics of the rocks, constitute a natural source of fluoride. Since this type of water is the main source of drinking water supply in several regions, fluoride contamination in water intended for human consumption has become a relevant problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms and their influence on bone diseases and dental fluorosis in children exposed to fluoride through drinking water in communities of Ojo Caliente, Santa María del Río y La Reforma, Salinas de Hidalgo in the state of San Luis Potosí. To this end, a cross-sectional study was designed in which 241 children were evaluated, 121 from Ojo Caliente and 120 from La Reforma. Samples of drinking water and urine were requested for the quantification of fluoride through the potentiometric method with selective ion electrode. The polymorphisms rs412777 in the COL1A2 gene, rs2234693 in the ESR1 gene and rs1256049 in the ESR2 gene were evaluated through the real-time PCR technique. The value of the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar region (L1-L4) and left hip was evaluated using a double-energy X-ray densitometry (DEXA) device: "Hologic Model Discovery Wi" (S / N 85714) with software for infants and pediatrics, whose results were interpreted in Z values adjusted for age, sex, weight, height and ethnicity. Dental fluorosis was evaluated using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TF) and included the evaluation of the nutritional status based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the intake of micronutrients obtained through a validated consumption frequency questionnaire, for Mexican population. Likewise, a risk communication program was implemented in the study populations. The concentration of fluoride in the tap water was 2.36 ± 0.02 mg / L in the community of Ojo Caliente and 4.56 ± 0.07 mg / L in the community of La Reforma. While the concentration of fluoride in bottled water was 0.14 ± 0.04 mg / L and 0.47 ± 0.05 mg / L respectively. The calculated risk factor for dental fluorosis was 2.0 for Ojo Caliente and 4.2 for La Reforma since the main source of water consumption was from the tap. The level of fluoride exposure was 2.05 ± 0.62 mg / L in Ojo Caliente and 2.99 ± 0.99 mg / L in La Reforma. There were 218 cases of normal BMD and 23 of low BMD, and 100% of the evaluated population registered dental fluorosis. 67% of the population had a normal nutritional status, 27% underweight, 2% moderate malnutrition and 4% severe malnutrition. A consumption 150% of the RDI for magnesium in children of 7-8 years, 28% in those of 9-13 years and 10% in those of 14-15 years. While for phosphorus 5% of children aged 9-13 years and 10% of those aged 14-15 years had a consumption 150% of RDI. The presence of the polymorphism evaluated in the COL1A2 gene generated an OR = 7.10 (CI: 3.96-12.70) for the children who carried the polymorphism regardless of whether it was homozygous or heterozygous with more severe dental fluorosis (TF6,7,8,9 ), with respect to children who did not take it. Of the 22 cases of low BMD that had the analysis for the identification of the polymorphism, 10 presented the polymorphism (7 cases with A / C and 3 cases with C / C) and 12 did not present it, so no association was found. The levels of exposure to fluoride were lower in children who presented low BMD with respect to those who presented normal BMD (2.12 ± 0.78 v / s 2.56 ± 0.96, p 150 % of the phosphorus IDR had a higher concentration of fluorine in urine compared to those with lower consumption (2.43 ± 0.59 v / s 1.82 ± 0.54 and 1.82 ± 0.13 mg / L, p 150% de la IDR para magnesio en los niños de 7-8 años, el 28% en los de 9-13 años y el 10% en los de 14-15 años. En tanto que para fósforo el 5% de los niños de 9-13 años y el 10% de los de 14-15 años presentaron un consumo 150% de IDR. La presencia del polimorfismo evaluado en el gen COL1A2 generó un OR=7.10 (IC: 3.96-12.70) para los niños que llevaron el polimorfismo independientemente de que este fuera homocigoto o heterocigoto de presentar fluorosis dental más severa (TF6,7,8,9), con respecto a los niños que no lo llevaron. De los 22 casos de DMO baja que contaron con el análisis para la identificación del polimorfismo, 10 presentaron el polimorfismo (7 casos con A/C y 3 casos con C/C) y 12 no lo presentaron, por lo que no se encontró asociación. Los niveles de exposición a flúor fueron menores en los niños que presentaron DMO baja con respecto a los que presentaron DMO normal (2.12 ± 0.78 v/s 2.56 ± 0.96, p150% de la IDR de fósforo tuvieron una concentración mayor de flúor en orina con respecto a los que tuvieron un consumo menor (2.43 ± 0.59 v/s 1.82 ± 0.54 y 1.82 ± 0.13 mg/L, p<0.05). El uso del agua del grifo así como el nivel de exposición a flúor disminuyeron después del programa de comunicación de riesgos. En el presente trabajo se identificaron problemas de contaminación por flúor del agua de consumo, presencia del polimorfismo rs 412777 en el gen COLA2 y problemas nutricionales que estuvieron asociados a la fluorosis dental y DMO baja registrada en la población de estudio
Systematic Mapping Study of Academic Engagement in MOOC
No full texterror, no deja copiar y pegarMOOCs are presented as an affordable and easily accessible modality that offers the opportunity to democratize education in our time; however, this convenience training favors a low completion rate of the participants. Faced with this situation, scholars have suggested that it is necessary to deepen the construct of academic engagement, a concept that has been addressed in the study of face-to-face training, to understand better how students articipate in this educational modality. This article systematically explores the existing literature, in the period of 2015-2018, about the construct of academic engagement in online, massive and open learning courses, through a Systematic Mapping of Literature, a method to identify the characteristics of production in a given subject. The results show that there is a considerable increase in published articles that associate academic engagement and MOOCs, mainly from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Most of the mapped publications employ qualitative methods, with an exploratory approach, although there are several correlational studies. The study of participation patterns and instructional design appear as the main topics of interest in the field. In addition to providing a general overview of production on the subject, the research provides accurate information that will identify works for more in-depth reviews; thus, it also offers a replicable and flexible literature search method for different research interests
The influence of pH in the kinetic characterization of thermophilic β-fructosidase from T. maritima
No full textGiven their advantageous features such as high reaction rates, increased specificity and negligible by-products generations, enzyme-catalyzed reactions are keep gaining ground over conventional chemical process. However, only a small fraction of
currently known enzymes, is used in commercial processes at a large scale. Catalytic efficiency and stability reduction at drastic process conditions are some of the factors that restrain large scale biocatalysis boom. This can be exemplified in the industrial hydrolysis of sucrose where, at process conditions, S. cerevisiae β-fructosidase (BfrA) is subjected to thermal denaturation and substrate inhibition. In this regard, kinetic characterization of a thermophilic BfrA could help to overcome these inconveniences. Therefore, the main objective of this study is the kinetic characterization of T. maritima BfrA through a mathematical model that accounts for the simultaneous effects of pH and substrate inhibition over catalytic activity and kinetic parameters. Fitting of proposed model to experimental data yielded a surface of response which confirmed substrate uncompetitive inhibition at 146 mM of sucrose and optimum pH interval between 4.5 and 5.5. Estimation of kinetic parameters showed that Km and Ki are slightly pH dependent while vmax demonstrated to be sensitive to pH shifts. Likewise, estimated ionization constants of 3.0 and 6.60 suggested side-chain carboxylic groups of nucleophilic Asp and general acid/base Glu, which agreed with previous structural and mechanistic studies of T. maritima BfrA. These results suggest that the proposed model provide good estimations with respect of expected enzymatic activity of T. maritima BfrA at different conditions of pH and sucrose concentrations. Hence, can be useful for further kinetic characterization studies with potential application in biocatalysis process design.Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Bitoecnologí
Estrategias para llevar a cabo investigación y desarrollo tecnológico en el área de termometría del laboratorio de metrología del CIDESI Querétaro
No full textTesis (Maestría en Política y Gestión del Cambio Tecnológico), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIECAS, 2018, 1 archivo PDF, (134 páginas). tesis.ipn.m
Análisis de la relación entre incentivos y la formación de capacidades tecnológicas en una empresa biofarmacéutica Mexicana
No full textTesis (Maestría en Política y Gestión del Cambio Tecnológico), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIECAS, 2018, 1 archivo PDF, (164 páginas). tesis.ipn.m
Laboratorio virtual de programación java en línea para educación basada en web
No full textTesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Computación), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIC, 2008, 1 archivo PDF, (144 páginas). tesis.ipn.m
Valoración de la similitud entre representaciones múltiples de datos geográficos
No full textTesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Computación), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIC, 2011, 1 archivo PDF, (105 páginas). tesis.ipn.m
Residencia para adultos mayores, Tecámac, Estado de México
No full textTesis (Licenciado en Ingeniero Arquitecto), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Licenciatura, ESIA, Unidad Tecamachalco, 2019, 1 archivo PDF, (203 páginas). tesis.ipn.m