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CRISALIDE: Searching for Smart Solutions in Urban Development beyond the Political Slogans: a Case of Rostov-on-Don, Southern Russia
Get PDFRecently in Russia, a shift in a political discourse towards the innovative economy, new technologies and smart cities solutions is noticeable. There are several national programs and strategies that orient economic development to use innovations and digital technologies. However, those initiatives seem too focused on technological solutions and lack a comprehensive understanding of what smart development is. A missingcomponent might be provided from the bottom level through the use of the place-based approach and implementation of smart planning tools responding to the wicked local problems. The paper explores opportunities provided by the current national policy in the Russian Federation and the local conditions of the city of Rostov-on-Don in Southern Russia for the implementation of the innovative decision-making support tool in urban planning. The findings demonstrate that the introduction of the innovative decision-making support tool corresponds to the current transformation processes happening in a contemporary Russian city, requests from the national level and, consequently, it can be replicated in a similar context
no_faq. Artistic Research and the Potentials of Displaying as a Collective Research Tool
Get PDFno_faq sees itself as a research collective linking scientific and artistic research methods. In particular, no_faq is interested in a performative practice oriented towards artistic research. It is intended herewith, to create a space for both independent and collective research practice. Allowing therewith the reflections and exploration of these processes. The relationships in this case between students and teachers are not to be subdivided hierarchically but to undergo a process of interacting reflection. The research seminar no_faq explores the strategies and methods that artistic research holds for architecture education. The artistic procedures should not appear as purely aesthetic-design features, but become an essential component of a critical research attitude within the wider educational aspects of the architect. The resulting materials (microstudies) describing the research process will be made accessible to the public in form of a discursive exhibition display. Due to the complex but also open and process orientated nature of the seminar, I arrived out two central questions for my own research to take a critical and reflective perspective by looking at the processes of the seminar: The first question addresses the contextual level: How can spacial structures of an institution be explored on the basis of artistic-performative practices? Specifically, to analyse the institutional space of the Badischer Kunstverein Karlsruhe. The second question focusses on the didactical level: Which methods can we discover in order to develop a critically orientated collaborative attitude within the research process? Collective actions in my eyes are more process oriented, open-ended, have nothing to do with effectiveness and are not purely a group activity
Smart Parking Policy in Varna, Bulgaria
Get PDFVarna is the third largest city in Bulgaria and the biggest seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna and having 350 000 inhabitants, Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism and entertainment and is often called “the maritime capital of Bulgaria”. The traffic is Varna is very intense and the old historical center is always full of on-street parked cars. In the high season the city is visited by over a million of tourists and the congestions, air pollution and noise are very high making the destination less attractive. In 2015 CSDCS invited Varna to participate as a Bulgarian city in the CIVITAS PROSPERITY Project and both partners started its implementation in 2016. The behavior of the Varna decision-makers changed very fast and they decided to implement a SUMP. The new parking policy is an important part of the new planning process that started its implementation by the end of 2017 and will be opened in May 2018. The paper describes the innovative solutions in the parking policy in the 2nd biggest city of Bulgaria that will be implemented for the first time in the country and will really make the maritime capital a city with a smart mobility
Smart Integrated Ecological Approach for Geelong, Australia
Get PDFREAL CORP 2019 Proceedings/Tagungsband 2-4 April 2019 – https://www.corp.atISBN 978-3-9504173-6-4 (CD), 978-3-9504173-7-1 (print) Editors: M. SCHRENK, V. V. POPOVICH, P. ZEILE, P. ELISEI, C.BEYER, J. RYSER969Smart Integrated Ecological Approach for Geelong, Australia Hisham Elkadi (Prof. Dr. Hisham Elkadi, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK) 1ABSTRACT Regeneration of many cities is essential to enable their sustainable re-development but importantly tomaintain their viability and creativity in this global and rapidly changing world. Most cities face major ecological challenges that require immediate intervention for their future survival. The predominant focus of current sustainable cities projects is concentrated upon the challenges of natural adaptation and mitigation practices these burgeoning metropolises present. Smart Cities is one of those terms, like sustainable, resilient, carbon free, post carbon cities that mean different things to different people. Smart could mean fashionable, stylish, and chic as much as intelligent clever and shrewd. This article argues that Intelligence is the ability of a city to vary its state or actions in response to varying situations and past experience, in other term, develops a self-organising characteristics; one of the principles of ecological systems. Regeneration initiatives provide opportunities for new approaches to urban development in regional Australian cities. There is a need for innovative re-think beyond terms, like sustainable, resilient, carbon free, post carbon cities that mean different things to different people. The paper discusses the development of Vision II, a regeneration project for the City of Geelong. The paper highlights the need for new ways to theorize, contextualize, and practice the design of future smart interventions in Australian cities. The realities of climate changes on the other hand, led to the urgency to channel our thinking into a new direction, one that is capable to engage our people, one that is capable of extracting hope from the structures of fear that underpins an obsolete mitigation agenda and outdated governance structures. Impacts of climate change is also one of the causes of the shift in city agenda that also include the general decline of infrastructure, conspicuous resource depletion, and the emergence of ecology as a new paradigm in urban studies. This paper challenges the capacity of a number of cities to deal with ecological stress adversities and the ability to bounce back and maintain well-being for their inhabitants. The presentation provides a broad critical analysis of the contemporary ecological challenges. The paper, through a study of an applied project directed by the author in Geelong, considers various strategies and guidelines that have formed regenerating existing urban forms and relationships
The Potential of Design Thinking for Tackling the Wicked Problems of the Smart City
Get PDFCities’ transition to becoming ‘Smart Cities’ can be seen as one of the most complex and ‘wicked problems’ of our time; requiring cities to be able to make use of ‘bottom-up’ innovation and resources while managing a transition to a more integrated way of managing cities and public private people partnerships. This transition depends upon cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer and balancing existing and new knowledge. Currently, Norwegian cities fail to balance the new (exploratory and bottom-up) and existing (exploitative) knowledge in their smart city demo projects. Balancing these and achieving ‘ambidextrous innovation’ is a key for open innovation. Design thinking offers an overarching approach to deal with ‘wicked problems’; an approach to develop shared and user-centric understandings of the challenges of and potential scenarios for cities aiming at ‘smartness’. Design thinking can address emerging challenges in the smart city paradigm, in a collaborative setting of diverse stakeholders, novel ideas and innovative approaches. Design and design thinking are abductive reasoning, seeking to identify how one can reach value-oriented goals through the combination of new connections between ‘how’ and ‘what’. Design thinking looks for ways to work with a‘designerly’ mindset, and to unlock innovation potential through the application of different methods and processes. Design thinking can therefore help to develop a common understanding of smart cities and communities and its inherent core values, as has been demonstrated by three experiments discussed here. Design thinking was applied to wicked smart city problems in three Norwegian cases in Oslo, Bergen andTrondheim. In the three different cases we deal with the issues of smart energy, smart participation and smart mobility. Through an analysis of the three cases we show that design thinking can result in concepts, products or new insights, and we categorize which types of knowledge a design thinking approach can generate. We show that design thinking can generate knowledge relevant for a conscious and structured open innovation process needed to transition in to smart cities in a way that makes sense. The knowledge acquired set directions for how to bridge existing approaches and tools of municipal planning, with new future scenarios and pitfalls of the smart city
Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren für die stadtregionale Entwicklung
Get PDFProsperierende Großstadtregionen stehen vor erheblichen Herausforderungen. Steigende Flächennachfragenfür Wohnen, Arbeiten und Infrastruktur zulasten der Landwirtschaft erhöhen den Druck auf die RessourceLand. Die bisherige Siedlungsentwicklung und die je nach Szenario unterschiedliche expansive Fortsetzung von Landnutzungsänderungen haben einen Einfluss auf die Nachhaltigkeit. Die Auswirkungen sind u.a. in höheren Infrastrukturkosten, größeren Pendeldistanzen und dem Verlust von Kulturlandschaften vielfältig spürbar. Sie resultieren oft auch in funktionellen Störungen des Stoff- und Energiehaushalts und wirken somit sogar auf das Klima (Rienow et al 2018, 8). Das Ziel der Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie der Bundesregierung, die Inanspruchnahme neuer Flächen für Siedlungs- und Verkehrszwecke bis zum Jahr 2020 auf 30 ha pro Tag zu begrenzen wird aller Voraussicht nach verfehlt (Beckmann & Dosch 2018, 10). Ein Blick auf Satelitenbilder zeigt deutlich, wie die Siedlungsentwicklung insbesondere das Umland der großen Städte verändert. Diese Entwicklung hält an, insbesondere durch Zuwanderungen in diese prosperierenden Ballungsgebiete, die durch Jobs, Ausbildungsmöglichkeiten und vielfältige Kultur- und Freizeitangebote attraktiv sind. Überdurchschnittliches Bevölkerungs- und Siedlungswachstum wird auch für die Kölner Region, die Teil der dynamischen Rheinschiene ist, vorausgesagt. Nach den jüngsten Prognosen wächst die Bevölkerung in Kölnvon 2018 bis 2040 um 15,8% und im angrenzenden Rhein-Erft-Kreis um 6% (IT NRW 2019). Abbildung 1 zeigt die Veränderung der Landnutzung in Köln und dem angrenzenden Rhein-Erft-Kreis seit dem Jahr 1975. Neben der fortschreitenden Siedlungsentwicklung sind deutlich die Flächennutzungsänderungen durch den Braunkohlentagebau erkennbar. Der sich gegenwärtig abzeichnende Strukturwandel (geplanter Ausstieg ausder Braunkohle) wird im Zuge einer bevorstehenden Neuansiedlung alternativer Arbeitsplätze wiederrum eine veränderte Landnutzung zur Folge haben (vgl. Braunkohlenkommission 2019, 88f )
Ontology-based Model of a Smart City
Get PDFThe city environment is a complex, dynamic and distributed system. Effective management of the city environment presents a major challenge for a smart city. Effective city management must seek to improve urban infrastructure while minimising the costs, to stimulate innovations in different industries and to improve the quality of life for citizens. To create an adequate model of city’s environment structure it is necessary to analyse all the city’s components that influence the city environment management and to define data flows between these components. The most effective tool for representation of knowledge about the city environment, its components and relationships between them is the organisation of information in the form of an ontology-based model. In this paper we would like to introduce a novel ontology-based model for the smart city that includesdefinitions of entities and their properties, classes and their attributes and relationships between them. Such ontology enables us to use a knowledge base for the smart city as a basis of the decision-making support system for smart city management
The Willingness of Dutch Citizens to Participate in a Prosumer Community: A Stated Choice Experiment
Get PDFThe demand for energy in the world is continually rising. The local prosumer communities can be well-placed to identify local energy needs, establish and support initiatives to reduce the energy demand. This paper aims to understand people’s willingness to participate in a prosumer community and the influential factors based on socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes. For that purpose, a stated choice experiment is designed to measure the preferences of Dutch citizens to participate in a prosumer community. In this research, two alternatives are presented to the respondents: own initiative and outsourcing of energy efficient implementations. In addition to the stated choice experiment, environmental statements were given to the respondents to assess their environmental attitudes. As a result of the data collection, 184 respondenses are obtained. A latent class model is used to analyse the data and rho-square is found to be 0.264. According to the results, two groups can be identified respectively as enthousiasts and conservatives with regard to willingness to participate in a prosumer community. In terms of socio-demographics and attitudes, there are statistically significant differences between the groups. These results are found to be useful to promote bottom-up initiatives and to suggest policies in order to form prosumer communities in local territories
Influence of Road Connectivity and Public Transport Accessibility on Subjective Wellbeing during Travel: An Explanation from Travel Mode: Evidence from five Communities around Subway Stations in Harbin
Get PDFExisting studies have shown that increased subjective wellbeing comes with individual and societal benefits. Now citizens spend a significant amount of time per day on trips. Whether the change of transport environment factors, especially the construction of subway station can effectively improve residents' subjective wellbeing during travel or not is now concerned more than before when creating a “Real Emotional City”. This study aims to explore the relationship between road connectivity, public transport accessibility around subway stations and residents' subjective wellbeing during travel, and the mediating effect of travel modes. Data form 400 residents were collected from communities in Harbin which included travel modes, subjective wellbeing during travel and basic individual information. It turns out that the cognitive judgments and the emotional feelings (two aspects of travel wellbeing) need to be discussed separately because they are almost independently affected. Although cycling and walking are active, only pedestrians reported higher travel satisfaction when controlling travel time and other confounding factors. We found that for each additional unit of road network density, the number of people travelling by public transport will increase. Residents with better bus station accessibility and who have better road connectivity are likely to have higher travel satisfaction. Pleasant travel mood is not related to bus accessibility, and had a weak relationship with distance to subway station. In addition, residents closer to subway stations have higher levels of satisfaction and positive mood, but the results of subway travelers prove that this does not come from their cognitive judgments during travel, which indicates that some other factors may be more important. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of relationships between travel mode, transport environment factors and subjective wellbeing and have implications for intervention strategies and policies designed to promote travel environmental and behaviour chang
Linking Urban Regeneration to Sustainable Urban Development of Smart Cities
Get PDFUrban regeneration involves the revitalisation of distressed urban areas, through actions such as rehabilitation of historic areas, improvement of living conditions in residential districts, redevelopment of public spaces, and modernisation of urban infrastructure (Alpopi & Manole, 2013). The label 'smart city' has an impact on urban strategies in both large and small towns. It helps to face the increasing problems of urban areas, local public government, companies, non-profit organisations, and the citizens themselves. They all embraced the idea of a smarter city, using more technologies, creating better life conditions and safeguarding the environment for a better quality of life (Dameri & Rosenthal-Sabroux, 2014). This research focuses on adopting an inductive methodology of sustainable urban development in smart cities through a specific framework to be applied on the urban regeneration of city centres in cities with historical background. This will be carried out through the analysis of the interrelationship between the key principles of both urban regeneration and smart cities with the aim to compile a comprehensive list ofprinciples. This inductive methodology will be validated through a comparative study of selected relevant examples. After that the development framework will be used to apply the compiled ideas and principles, and to verify its potential to formulate multiple scenarios of urban regeneration of city centres. After that, the scenarios of development will be tested on a case study of the city of Alexandria in Egypt, by using multiple research methods such as focused interviews, structured questionnaires, personal observation and assessment. This study aims to conclude with a set of guidelines for intervention in similar urbancontexts in general, as well as in the specific case of Alexandria with its particular conditions