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Comparison of the Evolution Process of City Examination and Evaluation System Between China and Britain and its Enlightenment to China
Get PDFCity examination and evaluation, as an indispensable part of urban planning evaluation, which lays the
foundation for improving the governance capacity of territorial space planning by revealing the problems and
weaknesses in spatial governance, has attracted more and more attention in China's urban planning. At
present, city examination and evaluation of China has formed a relatively clear and complete framework in
the overall planning of land and space planning, and its applied range has also expanded from statutory
planning to other types of planning. With the continuous promotion of urban renewal in China, higher
requirements are put forward for the urgency and refinement of city examination and evaluation. For this
reason, focusing on the relatively complete and scientific urban plan annual monitoring and evaluation work
in the UK, this paper firstly sorts out the development stages and evolution characteristics of planning
monitoring and evaluation in the UK, and summarizes the planning practice and research progress of city
examination and evaluation in China. Secondly, this paper compares and analyzes the London's Planning
Annual Monitoring and Evaluation Report of the United Kingdom from 2005 to 2021,and the Territorial
Space Planning Examination and Evaluation Plan of China from 2020 to 2022 from the aspects of main
objectives, areas of concern, technical framework, data collection sources, evaluation index system and
evaluation response mechanism, and city examination and evaluation reports of key sample cities in China
are discussed in this paper. Finally, in order to obtaining positive enlightenment for the promotion of China's
future planning monitoring and evaluation work, this paper puts forward suggestions on the construction of
the technical framework and the improvement of the work process which are suitable for the current
development stage of China's city examination and evaluation based on the above research results
Intelligent Social Network
Get PDFRecently emerged social networks are gaining momentum and are becoming an integral part of modern life.
The introduction of artificial intelligence methods, such as ChatGPT, show the importance of this field of
science in computer technology, science and social life.
With more than 20 years of experience in the application of AI methods, we consider it appropriate to share
ideas for their application in the interests of everyday human activities. Our main proposal concerns the
creation of decision support systems based on social networks, localized in the interests of a particular
person.
The main technologies that we apply are the following: Scenario Approach, which includes the Ontology
System, Inference Machine, a Visual Integrated Development Environment, and a number of mathematical
approaches that implement machine learning and DSS. First of all, these are: Singular Value Decomposition
and Method of United Randomize Indices. Unlike neural networks, these methods have a clear mathematical
interpretation and controlled accuracy. Also for their application there is no need for very large statistics
The Positive Effects of Active Mobility on Health with a Focus on Children’s and Youth Mobility
Get PDFThe "Health Targets Austria" from 2012 define, among other things, an increase in healthy life years in
Austria. These are the years of our lives that we do not spend in illness. According to Eurostat, the average
EU citizen over the age of 65 still has 10.3 healthy years of life. In comparison, Austria has only 7.7 healthy
years. Now, a report by the Austrian Court of Audit has criticized the fact that this target has not been met
because the number of healthy years of life from the age of 65 is falling significantly despite various
measures that have been taken to date. Healthy life years are closely related to a lack of physical activity.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 150 minutes of moderately intensive exercise per
week. In Austria, only about half of adults meet these recommendations. According to the WHO, children
and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 17 should engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous
physical activity daily.
Encouraging in active mobility during young ages holds tremendous potential for preventing later diseases
associated with physical inactivity. In Austria, one of the most frequent causes of death are cardiovascular
diseases. These are closely linked to a lack of physical activity. Research shows, the positive effects on
personal health are a decisive motivator to achieve a lasting change in behaviour towards active mobility.
Sufficient physical activity in old age has an enormous impact on extending "quality years" and can help
prevent dementia. In addition, active mobility prevents obesity, osteoporosis and various types of cancer.
Active mobility thus also reduces the likelihood of belonging to one of the risk groups mentioned above.
In addition, the developments in the choice of means of transport in recent decades from active mobility to
passive jeopardize the promotion of active forms of mobility. Especially the increase of so-called "parent
cabs" and the reduction of free play in the residential environment due to the increased traffic volume
contribute to this. The increased traffic volume also causes a higher health burden due to noise and
pollutants.
Among the factors that can influence health is physical activity, which has a positive effect on the physical
and psychological development of children and adolescents. As an area of physical activity, active mobility
also plays an important role alongside sport in achieving a health effect. Active mobility in everyday life
(walking or cycling) is the key to changing this.
Active mobility is also conducive to healthy sleep patterns (sufficient sleep and quality of sleep) and
subsequently has a positive effect on subjectively perceived well-being and stress levels. Other positive
effects of active mobility include a better attention span compared to peers with little to no physical activity.
This also results in better school performance among children and adolescents who are physically active.
These are just a few reasons why it is important to promote active forms of mobility among children and
adolescents
Increase Occupancy Rate in Passenger Cars – Potentials of Awareness Raising for Carpooling
Get PDFTransport is responsible for 30% of Austria's CO2 emissions. Of these, 17.13% are caused by passenger cars.
Car traffic (kilometres driven) has increased significantly in recent years, while at the same time, the
occupancy rate is continuously decreasing and is currently only 1.15 persons per car in Austria. Due to the
traffic load and the associated negative environmental impacts, there is a great need to increase the
occupancy rate in passenger cars. The shared mobility concept of carpooling offers starting points to
counteract this trend. In this context, carpooling in particular shows great potential for reducing the volume
of traffic. Carpooling reduces emissions and lowers the risk of accidents, and an improvement of occupancy
rate of cars can reduce traffic by up to 10%. However, the "critical mass" of carpooling platforms is often not
reached and there is a lack of adequate advertising and communication measures. Traditional advertising
channels such as print rarely reach the entire target group in the shared mobility sector and digital advertising
channels miss internet-averse target groups who hardly use social media.
This article is therefore dedicated to the evaluation of an advertising campaign that aims to increase
awareness and acceptance of the accelerated use and market penetration of carpooling offers. By means of a
digital display placed at the side of the road, attention was drawn to the degree of occupancy by means of
various statements - with the aim of triggering a rethink in the direction of carpooling. Based on a
preliminary survey, the perception and acceptance were surveyed using feedback from passers-by and app
users. The main finding is that many car drivers noticed the display and rated it as positive. Ultimately,
however, only a small number of people could be motivated to use carpooling or to give other people a ride.
The main barriers to use carpooling are the lack of schedule flexibility, reliability of passengers and loss of
time
“Energy WITH Spirit” Facing Nowadays Challenges by Generating Sustainbale Energy in Solidary Energy Communities: First Project Insights
Get PDFOur world faces multiple challenges: The energy crisis is one of them and must be addressed at a local and
regional as well as national and global level. In this transformation process of phasing out fossil energy
sources, technical and social innovation must work closely together to foster long-term and sustainable
changes. Generating energy from solar sources is one of the key sustainable and resource-efficient options
we presently have . As stipulated in the European Green Deal, the goal is to phase out fossil fuels by 2050
with no net greenhouse gas emissions (European Commission, 2019). Sun and renewable energy sources are
therefore key drivers for resilient and livable cities, societies, and economies. Just as the challenges of global
change processes are unevenly distributed across the world, so are financial resources. People who are
threatened or affected by poverty are more likely to be affected by energy poverty. According to a study
from 2021, low-income households are significantly more affected by the rising energy prices (Maier-
Kubala, 2021). Measures for energy transition and climate change adaptation are often associated with high
costs and are therefore more likely to be implemented by people with higher incomes.
To include vulnerable groups in the process of energy transition, the project "Energy WITH Spirit,"
solidarity-social energy communities, was established. The main aim of the project is for socially
disadvantaged and poverty-affected households, as well as people in basic services and low-income earners ,
to benefit from the sustainable and solidary produced energy. 10 % of the energy produced in kWh or 10%
of the profit generated in Euro will be donated to vulnerable groups. How this goal is implemented
technically (e.g., smart metre rollout; photovoltaic systems and storage, optimal consumer mix),
economically (e.g., billing modalities, digital billing), and organisationally (e.g., proof of household income
and expenditure; selection of recipients of energy quotas) will be explored within the project.
• The following target groups are involved in the solidarity-social energy communities: producers
invest in sustainable energy generation through photovoltaic systems and set them up on their own
properties, prosumers produce and consume part of their produced energy themselves (production
and use under one roof) and consumers receive part of the energy produced by photovoltaic systems
in the form of electricity. As consumers only, the project addresses the following groups: Socially
disadvantaged and/or low-income households, people in basic services and the in-work
impoverished who do not receive any government grants.
• To better involve the target groups, knowledge-transfer and awareness-raising workshops are held to
address and sensitise them to urban energy, environmental, and climate issues. According to the
solidary approach, "Energy WITH Spirit" aims to overcome the challenges of the energy crisis by
generating sustainable energy in a solidarity energy community by actively involving vulnerable
groups in the energy transition process. The next steps of the project are the technical construction of
the photovoltaic plants as well as the economic preparation of the solidary energy community. This
process is accompanied by target group orientated and simple energy education workshops for the
vulnerable groups
Diagnose Digital Skills Gap between Professional and Academic Sectors in Architecture Discipline – Jordan Case Study
Get PDFThere are many studies on digitization. The newly graduated engineer has a way of thinking, currency, and
outlook on engineering work. Research on the ability of universities to graduate qualified architects for the
professional market has become necessary to bring about changes in teaching methods and link them to
digital programs. This paper looks at if there is a consensus between the opinion of professionals and
academics about digital skills, trying to integrate urgent digital skills needed by the labor market in the
Architecture education study plans.
Mixed between quantitative and qualitative research methods, researchers analyze the study plan of 12
universities, using the Curriculum Content Mapping )CMM( method, and conduct a questionnaire for
academics and professionals. Accordingly, we prove the gap between the profession and the academic world
in the discipline, and there is no agreement between them about the digital programs needed. Then
researchers provide a matrix expressing the relationship between the digital courses and the AE courses in a
way to connect the two
Investigating Urban Regeneration and Sustainable Cities Development Nexus in the City of Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Get PDFThe World Cities Report (2016) states that cities are the drivers of economic growth and development, but
they also face numerous challenges such as urban decay which can hinder growth and negatively impact the
quality of life for residents. Urban decay refers to the deterioration and decay of buildings and older areas
due to various factors such as neglect, crime, and lack of economic support. Gordon (2003), as cited in
Ndlebe (2017), highlights the same challenge in the city of Pietermaritzburg. The research aims to identify
means of regenerating the Pietermaritzburg Central Business District while incorporating the concepts and
principles of smart and sustainable cities development. The objectives include analyzing the
conceptualization of smart cities, sustainable development, urban decay, and urban regeneration concepts
and evaluating their impact on the urban environment, assessing the current state of the Pietermaritzburg
Central Business District through urban decay and regeneration, determining the potential of community and
public participation in planning for urban regeneration, and establishing a smart and sustainable regeneration
strategy. The research methodology used in investigating the regeneration of the Pietermaritzburg Central
Business District (CBD) is a qualitative descriptive case study approach, which enables multiple perspectives
on the issue of urban decay and regeneration in the city to be incorporated. The research findings suggest that
successful urban regeneration requires a planned, team-based strategy that includes community engagement
and stresses social inclusion, open space, and environmentally friendly transportation. The case studies of
successful regeneration programs in Singapore and Kwa-Zulu Natal highlight the importance of having a
clear goal and being adaptable to changing circumstances. The study's results show that 30 municipal
officials who were interviewed in October 2022 in Pietermaritzburg are aware of urban decay in the city
center and suggest enforcing council ordinances, carrying out ongoing clean-up projects, raising public
awareness, fostering local economic development, and coordinating between various municipal agencies as
potential solutions. The officials believe that smart and sustainable city growth is necessary for urban
regeneration in Pietermaritzburg, but it requires a concerted effort from multiple stakeholders. In conclusion,
this study highlights the feasibility of urban regeneration in Msunduzi but underscores the need for a
concerted effort from multiple stakeholders to achieve sustainable and smart city growth
ZUSIE Zukunft Siedlung – klimaresiliente Umbaustrategien für die Siedlung in Erpersdorf und deren Transfer
Get PDFReconstructing oder Revitalisierung? Vor dieser Entscheidung stehen aktuell zahlreiche gemeinnützige
Wohnbauvereinigungen, wenn sie ihren mitunter großen historischen Wohnungsbestand modernisieren und
den Anforderungen der Klimaschutzziele gerecht werden wollen. Während aus ökologischer Sicht eine
umfassende Revitalisierung bestehender Wohnanlagen anzustreben wäre, erscheint aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht
häufig Abriss und Neubau als die einfacher realisierbare Option. Auch das Wohnungsgemeinnützigkeits-
gesetz WGG sieht vor, dass „insbesondere bei einem (…) hohen energetischen Sanierungsbedarf (...) in einer
unternehmensinternen Kalkulation die Kosten einer umfassenden Sanierung den Kosten eines Abbruchs samt
den Kosten der Errichtung einer Baulichkeit in räumlicher Nähe (...) gegenüber zu stellen“ sind.
Das Projekt „ZUSIE – Zukunft Siedlung“ möchte diese ausschließlich wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise in
Frage stellen und – im Sinne des Smart-City-Konzepts – ergänzende soziale und ökologische Kriterien
entwickeln. Dabei soll aufgezeigt werden, wie investive Maßnahmen in einer multidimensionalen
Betrachtung von sozialen, ökologischen und ökonomischen Kriterien sowie unter der Berücksichtigung des
gesamten Lebenszyklus von Quartieren neu bewertet werden können und so neue und alternative
Entscheidungen möglich machen.
Das Projektvorhaben nimmt eine Siedlung der Ersten Gemeinnützigen Wohnungsgesellschaft (EGW), die in
den 1940er Jahren in Erpersdorf in der Gemeinde Zwentendorf errichtet wurde, in den Blick. Sie ist
Ausgangspunkt für neue Handlungsansätze – für die Siedlung selbst, aber auch für den großen
Wohnungsbestand der EGW sowie weitere Bestandssiedlungen des gemeinnützigen Wohnbaus. „ZUSIE“
wird von einem interdisziplinären Konsortium – bestehend aus der Stadtteilarbeit der Caritas Wien, die für
Projektleitung, Partizipation und Kommunikation verantwortlich ist, dem gemeinnützigen Wohnbauträger
EGW, dem Architekturbüro einszueins, dem Landschaftsplanungsbüro grünplan sowie dem Energie- und
Umwelttechnikbüro e7 – gemeinsam umgesetzt
Evaluate the Socio-Economic Impact of the International Coastal Road (ICR) on Burg Elburullus City
Get PDFCommunities are grappling with environmental, social, and economic challenges due to rapid urbanization and physical changes, with coastal slums bearing the brunt of the impact. Unplanned urban development worsens pollution, inequality, and disaster risk for low-income households. Specific sustainable development plans are vital for tailored solutions based on each community's distinct needs and views. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of the establishment of the International Coastal Road (ICR) in the city of BURJ AL-BURULLUS in Northern Egypt, which marked the beginning of major urbanization efforts in the region in 2002. The physical landscape of the city has undergone significant changes due to urban expansion, with the extension of the city having grown to almost twice the size of the original city. The expansion of the city due to the ICR has caused significant changes to the area's environment, communities, and economies. In particular, the separation of the city from the nearby lake, which was its primary source of income, has had diverse impacts on various aspects of people's lives. This study employed a narrative method to assess ICR's impacts on the area's environments, communities, and economies. Nine villagers with diverse incomes were selected and encouraged to freely share their detailed views. The study focused on the socioeconomic impacts of the changes on the city, but it had significant impacts on all economic, social, and environmental levels. Community participation enhances research outcomes regarding the challenges experienced by impoverished communities due to urbanization. It also assists in the creation of improvement strategies responsive to the distinct requirements of each community by incorporating important perspectives and first-hand experiences of those affected by urbanization
Local Climate Adaptation Governance and Planning: Challenges to Transformation
Get PDFClimate adaptation has so far been a voluntary topic for municipalities (in Germany), in consequence there is a fundamental challenge to establish the topic in everyday municipal life and to create suitable structures.
From sustainability and transformation research as well as from mainstreaming experiences with the topic of climate protection, a variety of insights can already be gained that are important for integrating the topic of climate adaptation in local governments. While there are many findings from research on sustainable development and climate protection, the introduction of a new produces some further challenges regarding the complexity of structures and processes.
In this contribution, it will be argumented that there structural, procedural, and contextual barriers to local climate adaptation in governance and planning. Based on this assumption, experiences in transformation towards climate adaptation in a specific local administration will be analyzed and discussed. The case presented is part of the ReWanKa project in Berlin (Reallabore Regenwasser und Klimaanpassung) which focuses on experimenting with administrative structures