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Digital Human – Introduction
Get PDFIn this article we return again to the idea of representing a person in the modern digital world. In order to
make the formalization more correct and meaningful, the classical philosophical heritage was first studied
and the conceptual models of a man were formed based on the views of leading philosophers of the past and
present. Due to understandable limitations, only a portion of the research in the field of philosophy is
presented here. Taking into account modern achievements in computer science, especially in the field of AI,
it is proposed to consider a computer model of a person consisting of two phenomena: a human profile and a
trace. A computer can work with these concepts, despite the complexity and ambiguity in the minds of many
people
Examination of Sustainable Human Resource Management on Employee Performance Indicators
Get PDFIn recent years, the topic of sustainable human resource management (SHRM) has become increasingly important (Piwowar-Sulej, 2021). The benefits of SHRM are becoming increasingly apparent, particularly in light of the shortage of skilled workers and the demographic change as SHRM is expected to enhance commitment (Ehnert, Parsa, Roper, Wagner & Müller-Camen, 2016). Thus, retention management via SHRM is in the limelight instead of recruitment of employees. However, the integration of social, economical and environmental sustainability within human resource management (HRM) strategy is often lacking and thus an innovative aspect (Ehnert et al., 2016; Kramar, 2022; Piwowar-Sulej, 2021). Moreover, the benefits of SHRM and the impact on employee performance indicators have rarely been analyzed empirically (Peerzadah, Mufti & Nazir, 2018). Thus, this paper aims at closing this gap by answering the following research question: To what degree does SHRM increase or decrease employee performance indicators? This study contributes to the social dimension of sustainability and thus contributes to the current SHRM debate with the aim of gaining insights into the impact of SHRM practices on employee performance, which will be evaluted quantitatively in order to close the aforementioned gap. Thus, a conceptual framework based on existing literature, the transactional stress model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) as well as the Job Demands-Resources model by Bakker and Demerouti (2007) will be developed. The framework is used to evaluate the impact of SHRM on employee stress, employee engagement, employee turnover and affective commitment. It is anticipated that a deeper understanding will be gained regarding the relevance of SHRM in business environments
Smart Cities and Infrastructure Development: A Case Study of the Gauteng City Region in South Africa
Get PDFInfrastructure development is a critical enabler of socio-economic development and contributes to raising the quality of life through the creation of social amenities and consequently contribute to macro-economic stability. Smart city has recently become a buzz concept that leads the way to an inclusive and democratic urban future planning and urban growth. In South Africa, generally, the communities are in search of urban prospects and as a result are disadvantaged as an unintended consequence. This is primarily due to a lack of bulk infrastructure services such as sanitation and water treatment, which is unable to cope thereof, necessitating Smart City to become a high-impact, compact, complex, mixed-use urban development that is designed to deliver urban prospects to a more marginalized periphery. Whilst various components and processes which play a vital role in developing or creating smart cities have been discussed in detail over the years, there is still a need to demonstrate the role and interventions towards the economic development of the City of Johannesburg, particularly in urban areas in the Global South. Consequently, this paper explores the impact of Smart City initiatives on socio-economic development in the greater Gauteng City Region, South Africa. The work adopts a phenological case study research design and a qualitative approach to gather data through a series of desktop research and literature reviews. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis as a research method to reveal themes on inclusivity and access and Excel software package was applied to obtain descriptive statistical results. Also, a systematic review of the literature to analyze Smart City strategies embedded in the spatial development framework. Findings reveal the crucial role of effective urban development planning in the economic infrastructure value chain. Successful Smart City implementation contributes significantly to economic growth, diversification, and improved access to modern technology. The paper concludes further that smart city initiatives and state investment in infrastructure contribute largely to economic growth as a benefit, as well as diversification of the economy, thereby providing access to modern technology. The study recommends an inclusive and integrated policy framework for resource allocation aligned with growth and development in Smart City initiatives, ensuring a cohesive approach
How do They Ride? Analysis of Cycling Biomechanics (“MODELO-Rad” Project)
Get PDFFor the planning and design of appropriate cycling facilities, aspects such as capacity, continuity, and objective safety are often subjects of research, but an understanding from the cyclist´s perspective, including physical and biomechanical characteristics, remains superficial. Findings related to cyclist behaviour have not yet been systematically applied and there is limited information on the relationship between cycling behaviour and characteristics of transport infrastructure.
The “MODELO-Rad” project aims to understand and model cycling from the perspective of cyclists. Desired speed, riding strategy, and braking distance, among others, are important for understanding bike rides and provide insight on the behavioural characteristics of cyclists from a biomechanical perspective. This research suggests that a bike ride in an urban area can be divided into distinctive behavioural phases, characterized by degrees of power, speed, and cadence. To capture patterns of behaviour among cyclists, this study had participants ride along different routes on "SensorBikes,” which are equipped with sensor technology, to collect over 300 km of observations.
The empirical analysis finds that cycling can be described as behavioural phases between stops (mostly between intersections): an acceleration phase, characterized by high power peaks; a route phase, which is subdivided into stages according to the route conditions (constant travel, deceleration and intermediate acceleration, uphill and downhill rolling); and an approach phase to the stopping point, usually at traffic lights or road junctions. Within these phases, results vary substantially between different cycling facilities and across different groups of cyclists. This description of cycling as a mechanical process can serve as a basis for the development of a micromodelling approach to cycling behaviour and can consequently be used to improve the planning of cycling networks and bike infrastructure
ODD – Operational Design Domain as Test Arrangement for the Future Automatisation of Road Traffic
Get PDFFollowing contribution refers to preceding results presented in German at CORP 2019 and CORP 2020 on the issue how automatization will change and shape future mobility. Some recent knowledge of our work should be a topic for further critical discussion about technical progress triggered by automotive industries. However, are we as planners from the outside prepared for that?
Within the year 2024, the equipment of new vehicles with ADAS (Advanced Driving Assistance Systems) will be obligatory by law. Have been such applications according to automation grade 3 efficient proved in respect of daily road traffic? Who can give answers to new cars assessment of it? One of the proving approaches are so-called Operational Design Domains (ODD). A professional guideline defines an ODD as “operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.” ODD is the design domain of an ADAS or a feature thereof with respect to its operation.” This approach can serve as a strategic instrument to prepare the implementation of autonomous driving via the automatization of road traffic into the mobility system on the long view. Now, what tasks of testing activities are required?
• Testing technical efficiency of relevant instruments (off-road)
• Finding practical insufficiencies of functionalities based on test arrangements (on test grounds)
• System proving of driving practice (feasibility-check on-road)
• Authorization of vehicle´s types (reliability- and safety-checks)
• Adaptions of road-network for automatization of road traffic (as task by road providers)
• Assessment of sociability in settlement areas (need of regional regulations in urban road spaces)
Therefore, a broad field of interrogative activities ought to have done before a deployment of highly automated or even autonomous moving vehicles penetrates the markets. If they reach a considerable amount within the car´s stock, it might be too late for assessment studies. “We will look what would happen” as negligent political strategy seems indolent facing the historical developed miscellaneous road network in Europe, which somewhere lacks of large scale in comparison with America´s grid of streets and highways.
Automatization of cars deals with a manifold topic driven by automotive industrial progress using hard- and software tools of digitalization, automatization and interconnectivity.
The topic, what technical support needs automatization of road operations, stands at the very beginning of the discourse about future motorized mobility. At first, we focus the view on a vehicle as moving body flowing in traffic and interacting with other traffic participants. Dependent on automation-grade of vehicle´s stock different with automat-functionalities equipped cars are objects for testing arrangements (Fig. 1). Pure technical capacities and the reliability of quality to cope with a certain functional task are next to prove. That represents the view into the car, though it effects outside other traffic participants. On the contrary, a bird´s eye-view on the cars flowing onto carriageways represents the complementary view (Fig. 3). These antagonistic views on the automatization of motor vehicles unveils possibly weaknesses of the usage of technologies hardware-side, like sensors for detection of open paths (Fig. 2), and software-side, where signals are processed to car-inherent scenarios. Bearers of homologation of single functionalities ought to complement their proving by holistic arrangements aiming at the car-inherent system architecture to evaluate the effects affecting other road users in respect of its personal integrity and safety (Fig. 5)
Chronicles of Peri-Urban Expansion in Small Rural Towns: a Comprehensive Study of Makhado Biaba’s Built-Up Areas from 1995 to 2022
Get PDFOver the past few decades, the phenomenon of peri-urban expansion has emerged in South Africa as a
significant and complex challenge, particularly for small towns across rural municipalities. Traditionally
characterized by their rural economies and close-knit communities, these towns now find themselves at the
crossroads of urbanization, grappling with the complex implications of expanding urban influence. This
paper investigates the dynamic changes in the Makhado Biaba town's spatial landscape post-apartheid era,
spanning from 1995 to 2022. The work adopted a mixed methods research approach, which employs both
quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used for supervised
classification to evaluate the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, using Landsat-8 images.
Questionnaires were administered to collect qualitative and quantitative data and key informative interviews
were conducted to gather qualitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to
analyse quantitative statistical data and thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data analysis.
Findings reveal that the land cover of the build-up area increased from 1443.0 HA in 1995 to 1936.0 HA in
2011 and further increased to 2279.0 HA in 2022. This significant increase highlights the visible increase of
built-up areas, attributed to the rapid growth in population, which drives the escalating demand for land to
accommodate housing and infrastructure needs. Leading to the encroachment of urban settlements into
neighbouring rural areas, causing the convergence of urban and rural settlements. Due to the communal
tenure system, it is frequently difficult for the municipality to facilitate the demarcation of sites and
commercial development on tribal land. Limited authority over such areas, makes it difficult for rural
municipalities to control growth and align development with the goals of the municipal bylaws. Ultimately,
the study recommends sustainable urban development strategies in mitigating adverse effects on the
environment and community well-being. Thus, there is a need to reconcile conflicting By-laws to create a
cohesive land management framework that accommodates both traditional practices and modern spatial
planning and land use management by-laws. There is also a need to formulate peri-urban expansion
strategies tailored to rural contexts by considering local needs, minimizing environmental impact, and
actively involving the community in the planning process
Exploring ESG Practises and Livelihoods Promotion Nexus in Mining Host Communities: Lessons from Aggeneys, Pella and Pofadder Mining Host Communities
Get PDFInvesting in corporate social responsibility (CSR) has largely been dubbed/dismissed as ploys to enrich/protect the interests of investors than efforts to serve the communities. Research has shown that factors such as stakeholder collaboration contribute to Corporate Social Responsibility project implementation failure. Although the advent of Environmental, Social Governance (ESG) promises to strengthen the implementation of CSR in communities, its impact on livelihood promotion is yet to be documented convincingly. Consequently. This paper investigates influence and possible impact of Environmental Social Governance efforts in promoting the public wellbeing of the Aggeneys, Pella and Pofadder mining host communities. It explores successes and failures of Corporate Social Responsibility implementation as well as key learnings.
The Environmental Social governance philosophy promotes stakeholder engagement and involvement to promote transparency of all stakeholders and detailing individual roles and responsibility for all stakeholders. A case study research design method was adopted, and a mixed-method research approach was applied. Qualitative data was collected through interviews of mine high ranking officials and quantitative data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to the residents of Aggeneys, Pella and Pofadder mining host communities. The results of the study presented that the deployment of a Environmental Social Governance framework has led to a sustainable livelihoods through the corporate social responsibility implementation projects such as small scale farming and broad-based livelihood programs. The paper recommends adoption of Environmental Social Governance practices to elevate and promote satisfaction of the Aggeneys, Pella and Pofadder communities. In conclusion, the knowledge contribution of this study is its focus on implementation frameworks, policies, and legislation to determine how best Corporate Social Responsibility can be implemented efficiently to unlock ultimate beneficiation for the communities
Suitability of the Residential Location of Older People: towards a Typology in Flanders, Belgium
Get PDFAgeing-in-place is often a desire among older individuals and a basic principle of the Flemish care policy, which emphasizes informal care. However, it can also be seen as a normative framework, especially when alternative residential options are lacking or hardly accepted. Our prior findings indicate that older parents in Flanders (Belgium) generally reside in close proximity to their children. Most informal care is provided within the family framework, mainly by partners or children. This does not mean that they are always available, willing to help, or asked for help. Therefore a suitable neighborhood with enough amenities is another crucial factor to facilitate living independently at older age. However, there is insufficient understanding about both the current living environment and residential mobility of older adults. While existing (inter)national literature suggests low residential mobility among older adults, detailed insights into specific moving patterns, such as the balancing act between housing, proximity to children and neighborhood characteristics, are lacking. A GIS analysis is conducted based on data 1) on facilities, such as supermarkets, bakeries and medical facilities, 2) and the residential location of older people retrieved from the national population register. The aim is to evaluate whether each older individual’s current residential location would support ageing-in-place, based on the assumption that this partly correlates with the availability of amenities and services. As a second step our research focused on the residential mobility between 2002 and 2017 and investigated whether those who changed their residential location did that towards a location that is (not) better equipped than the previous one. Our research shows that approximately one-fifth of older adults in Flanders (aged 65+ in 2002) changed their residential location between 2002 and 2017, excluding those who moved to nursing homes. While, in general, those who moved have improved their situation, complexities are revealed in terms of the living environment of those who did not move, asking for more research into the trade-off between housing, proximity to children and neighborhood amenities and services
Exploring Consumer Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Japan: an Empirical Study
Get PDFIn line with the Green Growth Strategy, Japan has actively pushed for the increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs, PHVs, FCVs) aiming for their exclusive presence in new passenger car sales by 2035. However, Japan's progress in electric vehicle uptake lags behind other developed nations. Despite robust marketing efforts by both local and global automakers, Japanese consumers remain hesitant to embrace electric vehicles. This study conducts a pilot survey to gauge the demand for electric vehicles in Japan. Results indicate that respondents prioritize the country of manufacturer as the most crucial factor in their next passenger car purchase, followed by the car's drive type and cruising range. Price is considered the least influential factor. Notably, respondents place significant importance on domestic manufacturer and plug-in hybrid drive type. These findings offer valuable insights for academic research and policymaking to encourage broader electric vehicle adoption in Japan
An Approach to Investigate the Relationship between Spatial Configurational Pattern and Heritage Classification: Case study Alexandria City
Get PDFHeritage buildings are an important aspect of any city in terms of their capacity to provide cultural reference
points. The significance of heritage buildings to a city is profound and encompasses a range of cultural,
historical, economic, and social dimensions. These buildings represent the city's cultural identity, embodying
architectural styles and design principles from specific historical periods. Preserving heritage buildings is
essential for maintaining a connection between the past and the present, fostering a collective cultural
memory that contributes to the city's overall identity. Preservation strategies entail different levels of
physical intervention ranging from the most conservative strategy to the most transformative. Thus,
preserving heritage buildings involves a careful approach that respects and safeguards their significant
elements, ensuring the enhancement of their memory rather than compromising or losing it. The adaptive
reuse strategy is an example of strategic initiatives aimed at preserving heritage buildings' significance while
aligning their functions with contemporary needs. In Alexandria, heritage buildings serve as invaluable
cultural assets that embody a city's heritage legacy. Defining the urban center requires a crucial examination
of the interplay between urban spatial morphology and the functions of heritage buildings, posing a critical
challenge to the survival of such buildings.
This paper aims to investigate the correlation between the spatial configurational patterns of the urban
network and heritage buildings situated in the historical business district of Alexandria, a Mediterranean city
in Egypt. This paper adopts a methodology based on examining the spatial configuration pattern using space
syntax with different radii. Analytical methods within space syntax will be used to classify and arrange
heritage buildings according to their spatial patterns providing a deeper understanding of their heritage
attributes. The applied methodology will be employed within the heritage core of Alexandria. This study
primarily concentrated on assessing key metrics of Space Syntax: integration and choice, which are
considered crucial indicators of the efficiency of the urban fabric based on three radii: local 400m low
intermediate800m, and high intermediate 2000. Moreover, connectivity measures and patchwork will be
integral components within the framework of space syntax, serving as essential tools to analyze and
understand spatial configurations in urban environments. The base map underwent on-site refinement before
being imported into Depthmap for conversion into an operational spatial model.
The study's findings reveal well-defined and distinct heritage sets among the identified landmarks,
determined by the integration and choice measures of space syntax, according to certain radii. This
investigation can help in the understanding of conservation approaches. Heritage buildings sharing the same
spatial features and within the same heritage set will be subjected to an adaptive reuse strategy, this will
ensure seamless integration of their new functions. This approach ensures a cohesive and purposeful
transformation that enhances the overall functionality and utility of a harmonious built environment