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Energy Optimised Settlements – Enabler for Necessary Civilization Targets
Full text link“Net-zero-emission and all will be good again” is scientific not holdable. We need to target far beyond towards planet renovation back to 350 ppm CO2. This requires worldwide wealth. Worldwide wealth is only possible with great cost reductions for renewable energy and housing. Energy optimized settlements target this by synergy and cost optimized construction methods.
“Net-zero-emission and all will be good again”: 2021 changed the balance of the Amazonas to more GHG emission than absorption. 2023 absorbed the land nearly no CO2. Time to reevaluate our strategies to deal with the climate change.
350 ppm CO2 is considered a stable climate situation, so we have to target reducing CO2 until we are back to 350 ppm CO2. We call this planet renovation. It requires about 47,000 TWh electricity to filter 1 ppm out of the atmosphere and split it into carbon and oxygen.
Reducing the CO2 level in the atmosphere is complete different from reducing CO2 emissions and requires complete different strategies.
The current strategy for reducing CO2 emissions is increasing energy prices, promoting reduce, restrict, renounce, stopping everything what could grow fast, holding great parts of humanity in poverty. This causes social unrest and strengthen the climate change deniers.
The planet renovation strategy requires cheap renewable energy and the whole mankind to contribute. This means worldwide wealth and is the opposite of the current strategy.
When 10 billion people contribute an average of 10,000 kWh/a we can reduce CO2 by 2 ppm per year. Hope that this is enough. GHG emissions from unfreezing permafrost could require even more.
The GEMINI next Generation house and the energy optimized settlements targets to make renewable energy and housing cheap enough to enable worldwide wealth and the planet renovation
Integrated Urban Planning: An Example of the Historic Centre of the City of Zagreb
Full text linkThe processes of transformation of the spatial and functional structure of city centers are driven by global demographic, social, technological, economic, cultural, political, and environmental changes, especially natural disasters whose intensity of reflection on the city depends on the interaction with the character and specifics of local conditions.
Faced with the increasingly intense development and resilient challenges of cities, traditional sectoral spatial planning, which is focused on location, intensity, form and balanced growth, is transforming its (over)regulated bureaucratic approach towards a strategic development approach, which offers a more coordinated and coherent spatial logic and the integration of economic, social and environmental dimensions of urban programming, planning and implementation. Traditional urban plans are becoming increasingly inefficient because they cannot be a timely guide through urban transformation processes.
Encouraged by the consequences of the 2020 earthquake, the City of Zagreb has implemented a new urban paradigm that ensures the possibility of transformation through the harmonization of different disciplines, as opposed to traditional urban planning – a static image of the physical dimension of space, and the City of Zagreb has started programming a comprehensive renovation of the Historical unit of the city of Zagreb, which proposes a strategic, process-based approach to creating urban space (“place-making”) that enables dynamic transformation possibilities to anticipate possible challenges, threats and opportunities with a pro-active planning system and thus (strategically) plan future development, and/or reconstruction (ex-ante), instead of responding to unexpected events (ex-post) with a reactive planning system.
With the method of thematic modeling of the space of the center of the city of Zagreb and interdisciplinary programming of spatial values, limitations and sustainable urban potentials, a new platform was created – urban planning agenda – principles, as well as recommendations and guidelines that aim to achieve the development goals of comprehensive urban renewal, as well as the preconditions for their realization.
By parallel management of multisectoral processes through the proposed participatory platform consisting of all active participants in the City planning process, a comprehensive pattern/model has been generated according to which integrated urban renewal activities are carried out following the most advanced European policies.
This paper provides a framework for a sustainable way of use, conditions for the use, and protection of space and management. It is an expert basis for the development of a new generation of spatial planning documents, especially the urban and conservation plan of the Historic Urban Core of the City of Zagreb, which will unite urban and conservation guidelines and be the initiator of urban changes in the center of the historic city, directed towards the Green Center 2050
land.mobil:LAB – regionale Mobilitätslabore als Treiber integrierter Mobilitätssysteme zur Förderung nachhaltiger Entwicklung, sozialer Integration und Steigerung der Lebensqualität im ländlichen Raum am Beispiel des Waldviertels in Niederösterreich
Full text linkDie Mobilitätsforschung konzentriert sich bislang hauptsächlich auf städtische Gebiete und die spezifischen Mobilitätsbedürfnisse ihrer Bevölkerung – der ländliche Raum wurde dabei oft vernachlässigt. Die urbanen Mobilitätslabore (UML) der österreichischen Mobility Lab-Initiative befassten sich bislang auch in erster Linie mit Städten und dem Stadtumland. Genau hier setzt das land.mobil:LAB an: Als Brückenbauer zwischen Forschung und Praxis treibt es Mobilitätsinnovationen für ländliche Regionen voran. Das Mobilitätslabor für den ländlichen Raum orientiert sich an bestehenden Strategien wie der Open Innovation Strategie 2025 (BMWFW & BMVIT 2016), dem Masterplan Mobilität 2030 (BMK 2021) und dem Mobilitätskonzept Niederösterreich 2030+ (Amt der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung 2015). Durch seinen Co-Creation-Ansatz und die Prinzipien der offenen Innovation (Schuurman 2015) schafft das Mobility Lab einen neuen Standard für alle Projekte unter seinem Dach.
Als Modellregion für das land.mobil:LAB dient das Waldviertel (Niederösterreich). Zwei zentrale Ziele stehen dabei im Fokus: die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen im Rahmen der Mobilitätswende und die Verbesserung der sozialen Teilhabe durch Mobilität. Um dies zu erreichen, entwickelt das LAB ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis für die verschiedenen Mobilitätsbedürfnisse der Bevölkerung im ländlichen Raum durch Bildung von mobilitätsrelevanten (Proto-)Personas (Nielsen et al. 2013, Dangschat 2020).
Als Teil des FTI-Förderprogramms des BMK für die Mobilitätswende zielt das Projekt darauf ab, zukunftsweisende Mobilitätsinnovationen in der Praxis zu testen. In einem breiten Netzwerk aus Land Niederösterreich, Waldviertler Gemeinden, Mobilitätsdienstleistern, Unternehmen, Veranstaltenden und Bürgerinnen und Bürgern werden innovative Mobilitätslösungen erprobt. Dies stärkt nicht nur die Mobilitätswende im ländlichen Raum, sondern auch die gesamte Forschungslandschaft in diesem Bereich (BMK o.J., online).
In der vorangegangenen Fallstudie „KulturMobil“ ließen sich wichtige Erkenntnisse für die erste Phase des land.mobil:LABs gewinnen: Gerade im Bereich der Freizeitmobilität zeigt sich ein besonderes Potenzial für Verhaltensänderungen, da Menschen in ihrer Freizeit offener für alternative Mobilitätsformen als im Alltag sind (Sodl-Niederecker et al., 2022). Die Studie identifizierte mehrere zentrale Handlungsfelder, die nun im land.mobil:LAB aufgegriffen werden: Die Integration von Kultur- und Veranstaltungsmobilität in die ÖV-Planung, die Entwicklung einer regionalen Mitfahrzentrale sowie die zielgruppengerechte Kommunikation von Mobilitätsangeboten bilden wichtige Ansatzpunkte (Grinzinger et al. 2024). Besonders vielversprechend erscheint die Verknüpfung von Kulturangeboten mit innovativen Mobilitätslösungen wie Schnuppertickets oder die Ergänzung der NÖ-Card um zusätzliche Mobilitätsangebote. Diese Erkenntnisse fließen nun, neben den Schwerpunkten Flex-ÖV und der Einbindung regionaler Mobilitätsdienstleistender, in die erste Arbeitsphase des land.mobil:LABs ein. Das Ergebnis sind übertragbare Methodensets für strukturähnliche Regionen in Österreich und Europa
The Exploration of Smart Port Concept to Improve Efficiency and Productivity of the Port: Case study Port Elizabeth
Full text linkThe aspect of transitioning traditional port operations into a smart port is more than just not merely a technological improvement; it is considered as a contingency plan that addresses the various challenges faced by South African ports in a rapidly evolving global trade environment. This research paper stresses that the adoption of smart port concepts is essential for enhancing operational efficiency, reducing congestion, and fostering economic growth. The concept of integrating advanced technologies that encompass automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data analytics,allows the Port of Port Elizabeth to overcome the current challenges associated with the old infrastructure and inefficient methods.
This study argues that even though smart port concept is a vehicle for the port that drives productivity and sustainability at the port of Port Elizabeth, there are concerns regarding job losses due to a lack of skilled labour force and this can be addressed through upskilling of the workforce. The successful transition of this port into a smart port model requires not only focusing on the technological investment but also considering the policy frameworks that prioritize human capital development to successfully implement automation. There has been a tremendous increase in global growth port competition and changing maritime dynamics, and this research paper intends to evaluate the potential benefits as well as the challenges of adopting the concept of smart port at the Port of Port Elizabeth. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the broader discourse on the strategic ways in which South African ports can provide for future development, as well as the requirement for inclusive socioeconomic and sustainability.
The Port of Port Elizabeth is facing critical challenges, including outdated infrastructure, poor maintenance practices, and logistical bottlenecks, which have resulted in inefficiencies, long turnaround times, and reduced competitiveness in global trade. These issues threaten the port's ability to support South Africa's economic growth. This study was motivated by the urgent need to modernize the port's operations and explores the adoption of smart port concepts as a solution. The paper argues that transitioning to smart technologies, such as automation and data-driven decision-making, is essential to address these challenges, improve productivity, and position the port as a key player in the global maritime industry
Introducing a Financial Twin App for Exploration and Comparison of Municipal Financial Patterns
Full text linkThe availability of financial resources determines the extent to which municipalities can proactively manage critical aspects such as sustainable urban planning, infrastructure development, public service improvement, and regional development (Zimmermann, 2018). The foresighted management of these financial resources is, therefore, crucial for municipal decision-making. This project introduces a decision-support tool designed to analyze and visualize financial patterns among municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Drawing on municipal financial data and population records for the 22 urban municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia from 2009 to 2022, the application is built on a Flask-based web framework integrated with Python libraries, including pandas, scikit-learn, and GeoPandas. These libraries enable robust data processing, analysis, and visualization. GeoPandas facilitates geospatial analyses and visualizations, which are integral to understanding spatial trends in municipal finance (Jordahl et al., 2014). The system identifies “financial twins” – municipalities exhibiting comparable financial behavior in terms of income and expenditures across domains such as education, public safety, and infrastructure. The inclusion of population records allows for per-capita and absolute value analyses, ensuring contextual relevance.
The tool provides a list of financial twins for all 22 urban municipalities based on cosine similarity and Euclidean distance. It offers corresponding data for each year from 2009 to 2022, with the flexibility to analyze twins either with or without factoring in the population of each municipality for a given year. The application also employs the k-means clustering technique to group municipalities into intuitive categories, highlighting shared financial characteristics.
The tool can serve as a resource for:
• Benchmarking and Collaboration: Identifying peer municipalities to share successful financial strategies.
• Exploration and Comparison: Highlighting similarities and differences, and their impacts on financial decision-making.
• Policy Development: Offering actionable insights into resource allocation and prioritization.
This initiative underscores the critical role of data-driven approaches in addressing the complexities of urban financial planning in public administration. By making sophisticated clustering and visualization accessible to planners, the tool bridges the gap between raw data and actionable policy insights. Future work will explore predictive modelling and integration with socio-economic data to further enhance its relevance for strategic urban development
Architektonische Details als Schlüssel für das kreislaufgerechte Konstruieren: Analyse von Darstellungs- und Informationsgehalten zeichnerischer Details
Full text linkKreislauffähige Konstruktionen bieten erhebliche Vorteile im Hinblick auf den Klima- und Ressourcenschutz. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Ökoeffektivität und Langlebigkeit aus und leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Reduzierung des CO2-Fußabdrucks, der Minimierung des Ressourcenverbrauchs und der Reduktion von Abfällen. Der Schwerpunkt des kreislauffähigen Bauens liegt auf der Auswahl sortenreiner Materialien , die nach ihrem Gebrauch entweder erneut verwendet oder in geschlossene technische oder biologische Stoffkreisläufe überführt werden können. Um eine sortenreine Trennung der eingesetzten Materialien zu ermöglichen, sind geeignete Fügetechnologien erforderlich, um die Demontage, Wiederverwendung und die materialgerechte Wiederverwertung von Bauteilen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft sicherzustellen. Angesichts der globalen Notwendigkeit von Ressourcen- und Klimaschutz müssen die relevanten methodischen Konzepte des kreislauffähigen Bauens systematisch als auch informativ bis hin zur Detailzeichnung in den Planungsprozess integriert werden.
Das zeichnerische Detail ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des iterativen Entwurfsprozesses in der Architektur und dient vor allem als Medium für den Wissens- und Informationstransfer zwischen allen am Planungsprozess beteiligten Akteurinnen und Akteuren. Eine Möglichkeit, kreislauffähige Bauweisen zu fördern, ist das Hinterfragen der etablierten zeichnerischen Entwurfsgrundlagen und der Prüfung des Informationsgehalts der Detailzeichnungen auf ihre Eignung für das kreislauffähige Konstruieren. Für die folgende Ausarbeitung wurden siebzig ausgewählte zeichnerische Details von architektonischen Bauteilen mittels einer Analyse hinsichtlich ihres Darstellungs- und Informationsgehalts im Kontext der Kreislauffähigkeit evaluiert. Der Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf der Identifikation und Auswertung von Angaben zu verwendeten Materialien, Fügetechnologien sowie der potenziellen Wiederverwendbarkeit der Bauteile.
Ziel war es, zu ermitteln, inwieweit die Detailzeichnungen relevante Informationen für eine kreislaufgerechte Nachnutzung der Bauteile vermitteln und wie diese den Anforderungen der Kreislaufwirtschaft entsprechen. Durch die Untersuchung veröffentlichter Details aus Fachliteratur und Konstruktionskatalogen aus verschiedenen Zeiträumen zwischen 1965 und 2023 wurden die Darstellungen von Materialeigenschaften und Fügetechnologien sowie den Anforderungen für das kreislaufgerechte Bauen systematisch verglichen. Der Vergleich historischer und aktueller Zeichnungen liefert dabei Erkenntnisse über die Entwicklung und Potenziale zeichnerischer Details im Kontext der Kreislaufwirtschaft. Allerdings zeigt die Evaluierung auch, dass der Informationsgehalt aktueller Zeichnungen derzeit noch nicht ausreichend ist. Für die Festlegung des Informationsgehalts ist vorrangig ein methodisches Konzept erforderlich, das die relevanten Kriterien systematisch erfasst und definiert. Um eine umfassende Beurteilung zukünftiger Bauteile zu ermöglichen, ist es erforderlich, die Detailzeichnung um eine zusätzliche Schicht für die Fügetechniken zu erweitern. Zudem ist eine Betrachtung aus verschiedenen Perspektiven erforderlich, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die potenzielle Beschädigung der Materialschichten durch den Aufschluss der Fügetechnik. Durch eine geänderte Sichtweise auf das Detail kann die Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen sowie die Wiederverwendbarkeit der Bauteile in der Entwurfsphase fundierter eingeschätzt werden
Shrinking Cities or Resilient Communities? The Future of Kuzbass Coal Towns in the Post-Coal Era
Full text linkAmid the global energy transition, coal-producing regions are forced to rethink their development trajectories. Kuzbass – Russia’s largest coal-mining region – remains structurally dependent on the coal industry despite a growing crisis: falling production volumes, rising export risks, and weakening economic indicators. This article examines the conflicting narratives surrounding the future of coal-dependent towns, drawing on official policy documents, regional strategies, and media discourse. While the challenges facing the industry are increasingly recognized, the fate of the towns themselves – and the people living in them – remains largely absent from the public conversation. The paper argues that without explicit planning and differentiated territorial strategies, these cities risk entering a phase of unmanaged shrinkage. Territorial master plans are discussed as a potential instrument for more realistic and adaptive approaches to transition
Cities for All: Urban Equity and Cultural Inclusivity in Cosmopolitan Cities: A Case Study of Wadi Hanifa, Riyadh
Full text linkThe concept of “Cities for All” has become a necessity for addressing the challenges of urbanization, multiculturalism, and social equity in the 21st century. As cities are rapidly evolving anddeveloping increasingly diverse multicultural layers, it became crucial to foster inclusive environments that promote equity, equality, and justice. Yet, challenges persist in developing truly inclusive urban spaces, thisacquires a deep understanding of the interlocking complex relationship between social community needs and urban design parameters.This research explores the dynamics of the multicultural societies in urban spaces.It highlights the challenges faced in accessing equitable public spaces. It examines the role of urban design in fostering social cohesion and reducing spatial inequalities. The research aims to studythe capacity of the outdoor public spaces to accommodate people needs with cultural diversity, including individuals of different nationalities, genders, age groups, and cultural backgrounds, enabling them to practice their activities and express themselves in public without conflict, while fostering mutual acceptance.The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysisof spatial data with user experiences and perceptions. The study incorporates observational research, annotated mapping techniques, photographing, and looking for traces to provide a comprehensive understanding of space utilization and cultural dynamics. The research conducts systematic observations of public behavior and space usage patterns across different times of the day. This method supported the documentation of how various cultural groups interact with the urban public space, providing insights into the effectiveness of designelements in promoting inclusivity and equity in multicultural settings.The study utilizes annotated maps to visually represent spatial data, and uses qualitative observations topresent the distribution of amenities and facilities across the urban public space to identify the patterns of use by different cultural groups. Theoverlapping between the observational data with the annotated maps creates a powerful tool for analyzing the relationship between urban design of public spaces and social equity in multicultural environments. The study proposes a robust framework for assessing and improving urban equity in diverse public spaces.The research applies its methodology to analyze a case study within the context of Riyadh city (an evolving cosmopolitan city as the capital of Saudi Arabia) with a specific focus on Wadi Hanifa as a study area. This case study concentrates on understanding the concept of urban equity in designing public spaces to promotesocial cohesion, especially in multiculture communities.The research explores the impact of Wadi Hanifa redevelopment project in promoting spatial justice and equity in public spaces, taking into account the varied requirements of the multicultural community in Riyadh. It examines the project's strategy for establishing welcoming public areas that honor local cultural practices while encouraging intercultural harmony, which provide fair access to parks and recreational areas for all groups.The case study analysis of Wadi Hanifa, demonstrates that its strategyaligns with the macro-movement towards creating “Cities for All”. It emphasizes how important it is to accommodate a comprehensive approach that considers culturally-sensitive design. The public spaces of Wadi Hanifa has a flexible design qualities that serve the whole community. The research shows that the Wadi Hanifa project successfully integrates principles of equity and urban justice, resulting in increased public use and improved quality of life for diverse multi-cultural groups. The study concludes its findings by highlighting the importance of such successful projects in promoting social cohesion in cosmopolitan cities that embrace diversity as well as harmony. This approach is aligned with the kingdom 2030’s vision for Sustainable Development, to create safe, inclusive, and resilient communities
SSSEIC – StreetScapes for a Social-Ecological Inclusive City: A Model for the Interdisciplinary Consideration of Streetscapes and Public Spaces
Full text linkThe multiple crisis that today’s metropolises and cities are facing, present an additional challenge when it comes to maintaining and improving the quality of urban public space in order to subsequently ensure living standards and quality of life. The conditions determining the state of public space represent an interwoven network of mutually dependent factors. Due to this complexity they cannot be treated by one discipline alone, rather, they require a strong inter- and transdisciplinary approach in order to ultimately produce future-fit urban spaces – ones that are ecological, social and inclusive (for human and not-human city-users).
In contrast to work on the building scale – where collaboration between architects and specialist planners (with or without BIM tools) is common practice – interdisciplinary exchange and coproduction at the urban and regional planning scale are not yet standard. Although, planning teams with experts from the fields of traffic or landscape design are also common there, and cooperative processes or participatory workshops are sometimes carried out, shifting the focus to the crucial street/block/neighbourhood scale brings new complexities and challenges, as well as a multitude of different actors and stakeholders. What is missing here are co-operative instruments and methods that, on the one hand, enable inter- and transdisciplinary urban planning and, on the other hand, bundle all the spatial qualities of public space in a holistic and systemic way. The disciplines relevant to such co-operation are many and varied, ranging from practitioners such as urban planners, architects, landscape architects, traffic planners, road engineers, etc., to researchers in the same disciplines, also including sociologists, material sciences, etc. Finally, the executive and administrative units must also be taken into account: the people responsible for the furnishing, cleaning, maintaining and preserving public spaces have extensive knowledge in their field, which is of fundamental relevance for any future-oriented planning.
This paper describes the design and development of the SSSEIC tool; a tool that encompasses two models in different spheres: on the one hand, aiming at a theoretical concept for capturing relevant qualities and, on the other hand, meaning a computer-based 3D model. The theoretical concept seeks to capture all the parameters that determine the quality of streetscapes, including, obviously, the parameters of the street space itself, but also those of the ground below and the adjacent buildings. To this end, interviews were conducted with experts from the fields of practice, research and administration, and a cooperative workshop was also held. The resulting concept represents a new type of holistic and systemic recording of qualities in the street space, including their interrelations and connections – and consequently it provides the basis for creating a 3D model that visualizes those qualities and parameters in an actual street space. The model should ultimately show/visualise/illustrate the impact and correlations of parameters and thus provide a possible planning basis for future inter- and transdisciplinary co-operation in the sense of a city information model (CIM)
A Bibliometric Analysis Mapping the Evolving Research Landscape of Homelessness and Urban Security
Full text linkThe relationship between homelessness and urban security is a complex and multifaceted global issue. In
many cities, visible homelessness can influence public perceptions of disorder and insecurity, perpetuating
cycles of marginalization, criminalization, and social exclusion for those experiencing homelessness. At the
same time, homelessness is often a direct consequence of insecurity, driven by factors such as violence,
displacement, and economic instability. This study seeks to deepen the understanding of this intricate
interplay by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly literature on homelessness and
urban security. Utilizing the Scopus database and VOSviewer software, the research systematically
investigates past, present, and emerging trends within this field. The analysis focuses on co-authorship
networks, keyword co-occurrence patterns, and citation trajectories to achieve three primary objectives: (1)
identify key research themes and trends, (2) map the intellectual structure of the field, and (3) pinpoint
influential scholars and institutions shaping the discourse. The findings will offer critical insights into the
current state of knowledge on homelessness and urban security, highlighting significant research gaps and
underexplored areas. By uncovering the intellectual foundations and evolving priorities of this field, the
study aims to inform future research directions and provide evidence-based recommendations for urban
planning and policy development on a global scale. This work underscores the importance of addressing
homelessness not merely as a social issue but as a critical component of urban security and sustainable urban
development