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Turbidity and sediment dynamics measured with SediMeter sensors to assess biofouling effects in Biscayne Bay, Miami, USA (May–July 2017)
No full textThis dataset captures turbidity and sediment dynamics using SediMeter (SM) sensors in Biscayne Bay, Miami, USA (25°35.5385′N, 80°10.5024′W) from May to July 2017. The observations focused on biofouling effects on sediment flux measurements and turbidity readings. Two SM units, one equipped with an anti-biofouling cleaning system and one without, were deployed side-by-side in a sandy, seagrass-rich area known as the "safety valve." Turbidity was measured in Formazin Backscatter Units (FBU) at 2-minute intervals. Data revealed significant turbidity variation influenced by tidal events, highlighting the substantial impact of biofouling on instrument readings. The dataset is critical for validating the reliability of turbidity measurements in marine environments subject to biological interference
Total carbon, total organic carbon, and total inorganic carbon (solid-phase discrete samples) from IODP Hole 389-M0104A
No full textTotal carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total inorganic carbon (TIC) content from solid-phase discrete samples from the above given hole of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 389 (Hawaiian Drowned Reefs). The offshore phase of this expedition took place between 2023-08-31 and 2023-10-31 onboard multipurpose vessel MMA Valour sailing from and to Barbers Point Harbor, Hawai'i, USA, followed by the onshore phase from 2025-02-06 to 2025-02-26 at the Bremen Core Repository (BCR) hosted at MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen. During the onshore phase a set of solid-phase samples were taken from the work halves of core sections, with a volume of approx. 10 cubic centimeters each, were taken with the purpose to be later on split into aliquots for the following three analyses: X-ray diffraction, carbon and X-ray fluorescence. Bulk samples were subsequently freeze-dried, ground and homogenized to a fine powder (<20 µm particle size) by ECORD Science Operator staff using a pestle and an agate mortar or a ball mill. Sample aliquots of approx. 100 mg (TC) and 1 g (TOC) were processed through a CS744 LECO carbon-sulfur analyzer to obtain the respective concentrations. TIC was calculated as the difference between TC and TOC.
For further methodological information see methods chapter in Webster, J.M. et al., 2025 https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.389.202
Master track from POLAR 5 flight P5-258_PERMA-X_2025_2507280601 in 1 sec resolution (zipped, 1014 KB)
No full textMaster track from POLAR 5 flight P5-258_PERMA-X_2025_2508031001 in 1 sec resolution (zipped, 1 MB)
No full textX-Ray fluorescence (XRF) of discrete samples from IODP Hole 389-M0097D
No full textResults of X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) on discrete samples from the above given hole of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 389 (Hawaiian Drowned Reefs). The offshore phase of this expedition took place between 2023-08-31 and 2023-10-31 onboard multipurpose vessel MMA Valour sailing from and to Barbers Point Harbor, Hawai'i, USA, followed by the onshore phase from 2025-02-06 to 2025-02-26 at the Bremen Core Repository (BCR) hosted at MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen. During the onshore phase a set of solid-phase samples were taken from the work halves of core sections, with a volume of approx. 10 cubic centimeters each, were taken with the purpose to be later on split into aliquots for the following three analyses: X-ray diffraction, carbon and X-ray fluorescence. Bulk samples were subsequently freeze-dried, ground and homogenized to a fine powder (<20 µm particle size) by ECORD Science Operator staff using a pestle and an agate mortar or a ball mill. For elemental composition analyses an aliquot of approx. 4 g (±0.2 g) powdered and homogenized sample was weight into a plastic cuvette consisting of a Mylar foil bottom covered with polypropylene film ad compacted twice with a force of approx. 25 kg/cm3 on a plastic piston to obtain a smooth surface. Elemental concentrations were then determined by ED-XRF spectroscopy utilizing a PANalytical Epsilon 3-XLE benchtop ED-XRF spectrometer operated in the MARUM sediment geochemistry laboratory. Quality flag "#0" indicates the measurements' result was below detection limit.
For further methodological information see methods chapter in Webster, J.M. et al., 2025 https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.389.202
X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) of discrete samples from IODP Hole 389-M0105A
No full textResults of X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) on discrete samples from the above given hole of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 389 (Hawaiian Drowned Reefs). The offshore phase of this expedition took place between 2023-08-31 and 2023-10-31 onboard multipurpose vessel MMA Valour sailing from and to Barbers Point Harbor, Hawai'i, USA, followed by the onshore phase from 2025-02-06 to 2025-02-26 at the Bremen Core Repository (BCR) hosted at MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen. During the onshore phase a set of solid-phase samples were taken from the work halves of core sections, with a volume of approx. 10 cubic centimeters each, were taken with the purpose to be later on split into aliquots for the following three analyses: X-ray diffraction, carbon and X-ray fluorescence. Bulk samples were subsequently freeze-dried, ground and homogenized to a fine powder (<20 µm particle size) by ECORD Science Operator staff using a pestle and an agate mortar or a ball mill. For elemental composition analyses an aliquot of approx. 4 g (±0.2 g) powdered and homogenized sample was weight into a plastic cuvette consisting of a Mylar foil bottom covered with polypropylene film ad compacted twice with a force of approx. 25 kg/cm3 on a plastic piston to obtain a smooth surface. Elemental concentrations were then determined by ED-XRF spectroscopy utilizing a PANalytical Epsilon 3-XLE benchtop ED-XRF spectrometer operated in the MARUM sediment geochemistry laboratory. Quality flag "#0" indicates the measurements' result was below detection limit.
For further methodological information see methods chapter in Webster, J.M. et al., 2025 https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.389.202
A spatially explicit Global Reef Island Database (GRID) that captures distribution, diversity and relative vulnerability of the world's low-lying reef islands
No full textLow-lying coral reef islands harbour a distinct, yet highly threatened biological and cultural diversity that is increasingly exposed to climate change impacts. The combination of low elevation, small size, sensitivity to changes in boundary conditions (sea level, waves and currents, locally generated sediment supply) and at some locations high population densities, is why low-lying reef islands (LRIs) are considered among the most vulnerable environments on Earth to climate change. To date, their global distribution and influence of climatic, oceanographic, and geologic setting are only poorly documented or restricted to smaller scales. Here, I present the first detailed global analysis of LRIs utilising freely available global datasets to produce a global reef island database (GRID) and associated intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics that can be used within a coastal vulnerability index (CVI). All datasets used to create the GRID were released between 30 November 2015 and 3 August 2023, while the current version of the GRID database was completed in November 2024. When developing the GRID, LRIs are defined as landmasses <30 km² located on or within 1 km of coral reef and with an elevation of <16 m. Development of the GRID required: 1) the creation of a global shoreline vector file containing the geographic distribution of LRIs and 2) the development of a comprehensive global database of LRIs including eight intrinsic and ten extrinsic variables extracted from global datasets. Intrinsic variables include: 1) human populations, 2) island area, 3) island perimeter, 4) mean elevation, 5) island circularity/shape, 6) underlying reef type, 7) geographic isolation and 8) distance to the nearest neighbouring reef island. Extrinsic variables include: 1) mean water depth, 2) standard deviation of mean water depth, 3) mean annual significant wave height, 4) mean annual wave period, 5) mean spring tidal range, 6) relative tidal range, 7) wave-tide regime, 8) relative wave exposure, 9) relative tropical storm exposure and 10) year-2100 projected median sea level rise rate. The GRID was initially derived from version 2.1 of the UNEP-WCMC Global Island Database, a global shoreline vector file based on geometry data from Open Street Map® (OSM) and released in November 2015. The initial vector file was projected using the Mollweide projection, an equal-area pseudo cylindrical map projection chosen for its accurate derivation of area, especially in regions close to the equator, where most LRIs are located. The final GRID contains 34,404 individual LRIs distributed throughout tropical regions of the world's oceans, amassing a total land area of nearly 11,000 km² with approximately 60,740 km of shoreline and housing around 2.6 million people. While intrinsic variables are typically spatially homogenous, LRIs are generally highly spatially clustered throughout the GRID with respect to extrinsic variables. The spatial distribution of LRIs within the GRID was validated using: 1) published data and 2) quantitative accuracy assessments using satellite imagery. Spatial distributions of LRIs captured in the GRID are extremely consistent with those published in the literature (r² = 0.96) and those derived from independent analysis of satellite imagery (r² = 0.94). Finally, the GRID was used to develop an island vulnerability index (IVI) for each LRI on a scale of 0-1 with 0 representing no vulnerability and 1 representing maximum vulnerability. The GRID database is provided as a tab-delimited text file as well as ESRI shapefiles (points and polygons in WGS84 and Mollweide projection) and a comma-separated value file
Master track of METEOR cruise M212 in 1 sec resolution (zipped, 126 MB)
No full textRaw data acquired by position sensors on board RV METEOR during expedition M212 were processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. During M212 the motion reference unit Kongsberg SeaTex AS MRU-5 combined with Kongsberg SeaTex AS Seapath 320 and two SAAB R6 DGPS receiver were used as navigation sensors. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.bsh.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processing and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution derived from the position sensors' data selected by priority and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track
Shipboard ADCP current measurements (38 kHz) during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM134
No full textCurrent velocities of the upper water column along the cruise track of R/V Maria S. Merian cruise MSM134 were collected by a vessel-mounted 38 kHz RDI Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The ADCP transducer was located at 6.0 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode (WM10) with a bin size of 32.00 m, a blanking distance of 16.00 m, and a total of 50 bins, covering the depth range between 54.0 m and 1622.0 m. Attitude data from the ship's motion reference unit were used by the data acquisition software VmDAS internally to convert ADCP beam velocities to geographic coordinates. The Python toolbox OSADCP (version 2.1.1) was used for data post-processing. Acoustic Interferences were identified based on outliers in the ADCP echo intensity data. Echo intensity data were cleaned accordingly and affected velocity cells were flagged to be removed prior ensemble-averaging. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), taking into account lever arms of ADCP transducer and GNSS antenna. Accuracy of the derived water velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. Data processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (0.5545° +/- 0.6936°) and scale factor (1.0018 +/- 0.0121) of the measured velocities. The velocity data were averaged in time using an average interval of 60 s.
Depth cells with ensemble-averaged percent-good values below 25% are marked as 'bad data'