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Soil texture and porosity of the PhytOakmeter plot FBOL_14 (Toulenne, France) in 2022
No full textAs part of PhytOakmeter platform (www.phytoakmeter.de), soil porosity and soil texture were measured in 2022. Soil cores were taken at three depths (15cm, 30cm and 45cm) with six replicates at each depth. The dataset contains the values of soil density (g/cm3), soil porosity (cm3/ cm3), soil organic content (%), coarse silt (%), medium silt (%), fine silt (%), clay (%), coarse sand (%), medium sand (%), fine sand (%), total mineral content (%) and soil texture. Soil texture was classified according to Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung (KA5, 2005; ISBN 978-3-510-95920-4) and grain size analysis with the KÖHN analysis according to DIN ISO 11277
Microplastic particle characteristics during Manta trawls in the South Atlantic Ocean with Bark Europa in autumn 2023
No full textSurface ocean microplastic samples were collected in the South Atlantic and analysed. Trawls were conducted onboard the Bark Europa, a traditional three-masted, square-rigged Barque while under sail. The data was collected in autumn 2023 over 10 trawl locations from Cape Town (South Africa) to Montevideo (Uruguay). Surface water samples were collected using a Manta trawl (mouth area: 40.5 cm², mesh size: 500 µm; cod end: 333 µm), towed three consecutive times for ~30 minutes at each station. Environmental conditions such as sea state, wind speed, and wind direction were recorded. Three samples were collected at each site, except for one location where only one trawl was conducted due to environmental conditions. The trawls were monitored and adjusted to ensure smooth sampling outside the vessel's wake zone. Microplastic samples collected during the study were processed using a series of stacked sieves (5 mm, 1mm, 0.3mm) and rinsed with filtered fresh water. Particles with largest dimension over 1 mm were visually identified (removed if not polymer), and everything smaller was collected. Samples were then chemically purified and investigated via stereoscopy , followed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the laboratory to identify the polymer types of the microplastics. Cross-contamination was minimized through procedural blanks, samples of potential contamination and careful equipment handling. The microplastic particles collected were also categorized by shape (film, foam, fragment, line, microfiber, microbead, industrial pellet) and colour
Oceanographic conditions during Manta trawls in the South Atlantic Ocean with Bark Europa in autumn 2023
No full textSurface ocean microplastic samples were collected in the South Atlantic and analysed. Trawls were conducted onboard the Bark Europa, a traditional three-masted, square-rigged Barque while under sail. The data was collected in autumn 2023 over 10 trawl locations from Cape Town (South Africa) to Montevideo (Uruguay). Surface water samples were collected using a Manta trawl (mouth area: 40.5 cm², mesh size: 500 µm; cod end: 333 µm), towed three consecutive times for ~30 minutes at each station. Environmental conditions such as sea state, wind speed, and wind direction were recorded. Three samples were collected at each site, except for one location where only one trawl was conducted due to environmental conditions. This dataset describes these environmental conditions. The trawls were monitored and adjusted to ensure smooth sampling outside the vessel's wake zone. Microplastic samples collected during the study were processed using a series of stacked sieves (5 mm, 1mm, 0.3mm) and rinsed with filtered fresh water. Particles with largest dimension over 1 mm were visually identified (removed if not polymer), and everything smaller was collected. Samples were then chemically purified and investigated via stereoscopy , followed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the laboratory to identify the polymer types of the microplastics. Cross-contamination was minimized through procedural blanks, samples of potential contamination and careful equipment handling. The microplastic particles collected were also categorized by shape (film, foam, fragment, line, microfiber, microbead, industrial pellet) and colour
Soil- moisture and temperature from the PhytOakmeter plot FBOL_14 (Toulenne, France) from 2023
No full textAs part of PhytOakmeter (www.phytoakmeter.de), time-domain transmission, soil moisture and -temperature sensors with custom-made logger systems were used to measure time series of soil state variables. The aim of these investigations was to provide data on environmental properties used in a cross-disciplinary approach.
The measurement device consisted of two sensors at three different depths. The dataset contains the values of time (UTC), relative permittivity, soil moisture (in % vol) derived from permittivity and soil temperature (in °C). Determination of soil moisture was done using the formula of Topp et al. (1980). As sensors, the SMT100 soil moisture sensors with integrated temperature measurement were used. All sensors were installed within the upper 50cm below ground. The exact depths for each sensor are listed in the dataset and parameter comment
Air- and soil temperature data from PhytOakmeter plot FBOL_14 (Toulenne, France) from 2019
No full textSoil temperature at 15cm depth and air temperature at 60cm height were collected using HOBO Pro V2 loggers, model U23-004. Three loggers were used. After data visualization, unrealistic values were removed manually for each logger and mean temperature values were calculated at 30-minute intervals
Air- and soil temperature data from PhytOakmeter plot FBOL_14 (Toulenne, France) from 2020
No full textSoil temperature at 15cm depth and air temperature at 60cm height were collected using HOBO Pro V2 loggers, model U23-004. Three loggers were used. After data visualization, unrealistic values were removed manually for each logger and mean temperature values were calculated at 30-minute intervals
Monthly Land Surface Temperature estimated from in-situ measures during 2003-2014 over the 32 sites globally
No full textDTC-modeled monthly LST and the simple composite results (Chen et al 2017) from MODIS from 2003-2019 over the 32 sites globally
No full textA novel approach to investigate the deposition of (bio)chemical sediments: The settling rate of cyanobacteria-ferrihydrite aggregates
No full textAbstract Deposition rates of different chemical sediments are typically calculated using Stokes's law. However, applying it to chemical sediments that form in situ in the water column is not ideal because the particle properties do not fulfil many of the assumptions underpinning the applicability of Stokes' law. As a consequence, it has been difficult to predict the sedimentation rate of ancient chemical sediments, such as Precambrian banded iron formations (BIF), because their primary sediments likely comprised aggregates of ferric hydroxides, such as ferrihydrite [Fe(OH)3], and marine bacterial biomass, including cyanobacteria. In this work we have experimentally attempted to address the mechanisms by which primary BIF sediment, formed by the oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) by O2 and simultaneously incubated with cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, were deposited to the Archean ocean. We demonstrate that ferrihydrite-cyanobacteria aggregates settled to the ocean floor either through the formation of uniformly descending concentration-fronts or through convective plumes. The settling mechanism depended on both initial Fe (II) concentration and the pH. Correspondingly, two algorithms were developed to characterise the settling velocity. These algorithms tracked the alteration of light intensity from low to high as sediments descended from an initially homogeneous state through a water tank; and as well calculated the average light intensity over time, from which vertical time series were constructed allowing calculation of the settling velocity. Our method not only provides an accurate estimation of the in situ settling rate of cell-mineral aggregates, but also provides new insights into the physical mechanisms by which the primary sediments composing BIF were deposited