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Raw physical oceanography and ocean current velocity data from mooring HG-IV-FEVI-44 in the Fram Strait, July 2022 – June 2023
No full textTime-series data of physical oceanography, ocean current velocities and carbon/particle export were obtained from mooring HG-IV-FEVI-44 in the Fram Strait from July 2022 to June 2023 as part of the Helmholtz infrastructure program Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring (FRAM) legacy and the long-term monitoring program at AWI HAUSGARTEN. The mooring was deployed during RV POLARSTERN expedition PS131 and recovered during PS136. The attached archive contains raw data files of five Seabird SBE37 MicroCATs (nominal depths: 38m, 53m, 256m, 738m, 2533m; sampling interval 1h), four Seabird SBE56 temperature loggers (nominal depths: 78m, 106m, 156m, 331m; sampling interval 60s), one upward-looking Teledyne RDI 75 kHz Longranger ADCP (nominal depth: 416m; sampling interval 1h), three AADI Seaguard current meters (nominal depths: 210m, 2355m, 2531m; sampling interval 1h), and one AADI RCM11 current meter (nominal depth: 737m; sampling interval 2h). The mooring also included two sediment traps (nominal depths: 203m, 2348m; data archived elsewhere). Auxiliary information such as sensor calibration sheets, mooring diagrams, and schedule files are also provided, if applicable
Raw physical oceanography, bio-optical and biogeochemical data from mooring F4-S-6 in the Fram Strait, June 2022 – July 2023
No full textTime-series data of physical & biological oceanography, nutrient biogeochemistry, molecular biology and carbon/particle export were obtained from mooring F4-S-6 in the Fram Strait from June 2021 to July 2022 as part of the Helmholtz infrastructure program Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring (FRAM) legacy and the long-term monitoring program at AWI HAUSGARTEN. The mooring was deployed during RV POLARSTERN expedition PS131 and recovered during PS136. The attached archive contains raw data files of three Seabird SBE37 MicroCATs (nominal depths: 16m, 19m, 46m; sampling interval 1h), one SBE56 temperature logger (nominal depth: 35m, sampling interval 60s), one Wetlabs ECO PAR sensor (nominal depth: 19m; sampling interval 1h), one Wetlabs ECO Triplet fluorometer (nominal depth: 19m; sampling interval 2h), one Satlantic SUNA nitrate sensor (nominal depth: 19m; sampling interval 4h), one Sunburst SAMI-pCO2 sensor (nominal depths: 19m; sampling interval 1h) and one Sunburst SAMI-pH sensor (nominal depth: 19m, 241m; sampling interval 3h). The mooring also included one McLane RAS water sampler (nominal depths: 19m; data archived elsewhere), and two sediment traps (nominal depths: 201m, 603m; data archived elsewhere. Auxiliary information such as sensor calibration sheets, mooring diagrams, and schedule files are also provided, if applicable
TC, TN, IC, TOC, CN, and accumulation rates of sediment core PS115/2_2
No full textSediment Core PS115/2-2 was recovered from the Amundsen Basin in 3600 m water depth at the eastern flank of the Gakkel Ridge during Polarstern Expedition PS115/2 in 2018 (Stein, 2019). The well-dated core is used to reconstruct in detail the interrelationship between ice-sheet dynamics and organic carbon burial in the central Eurasian Basin during the last 430 kyr, and to correlate marine and terrestrial records of the Eurasian Ice Sheet (EIS) history. Using organic-geochemical bulk parameters (i.e., TOC, C/N ratios, Rock Eval) and biomarkers, we have identified prominent well-defined sections with strongly elevated concentration of ancient (petrogenic) predominantly terrestrial OC, coinciding with glacial time intervals of extended ice sheets and the subsequent terminations/deglacials. For the measurement of bulk parameters by means of elemental analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis, freeze-dried and homogenized sediments were used. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents were measured by Carbon-Sulfur Analyser (CS-125, Leco) after removing carbonate with hydrochloric acid. Total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were determined by Carbon-Nitrogen-Sulfur Analyser (Elementar III, Vario). Inorganic (carbonate) carbon (IC) was calculated as IC = TC-TOC. The C/N ratios used as a first-order proxy for estimating the marine (C/N = 5 to 8) and terrestrial (C/N >>10) proportions of the OC, were calculated as "TOC/TN" ratio. As the TN values in sediments from the Laptev Sea continental margin and adjacent deep sea as well as the sediments from Core PS115/2-2 may also contain significant amount of inorganic nitrogen, the C/N ratios of Core PS115/2-2 are certainly minimum values, i.e., when corrected for inorganic nitrogen the maxima of 14 to 16 would increase to 25 and more (cf., Stein & Fahl, 2004). Based on dry bulk density values and linear sedimentation rates, bulk sediment accumulation rates and, by considering TOC values, bulk TOC accumulation rates were calculated (cf., Stein & Fahl, 2004). For further details and methods, we refer to Stein et al. (this paper)
X-Ray Diffraction anaylsis of sediment core PS115/2_2
No full textSediment Core PS115/2-2 was recovered from the Amundsen Basin in 3600 m water depth at the eastern flank of the Gakkel Ridge during Polarstern Expedition PS115/2 in 2018 (Stein, 2019). The well-dated core is used to reconstruct in detail the interrelationship between ice-sheet dynamics and organic carbon burial in the central Eurasian Basin during the last 430 kyr, and to correlate marine and terrestrial records of the Eurasian Ice Sheet (EIS) history. Due to the complex geology of the circum-Arctic Ocean hinterland, specific mineral assemblages determined in sediment cores from the eastern Eurasian Basin may give information about the detrital sediment provenance, transport processes and EIS history (cf., Stein et al., 1994; Vogt, 1997; Wahsner et al., 1999; Stein, 2008). In this context, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried-out using ground bulk sediment. The relative contents of the determined minerals are expressed as ratio of the XRD single mineral peak intensity vs. sum of total analyzed intensities (Vogt, 2009). For details and methods, we refer to Stein et al. (this paper)
Biomarkers of sediment core PS115/2_2
No full textSediment Core PS115/2-2 was recovered from the Amundsen Basin in 3600 m water depth at the eastern flank of the Gakkel Ridge during Polarstern Expedition PS115/2 in 2018 (Stein, 2019). The well-dated core is used to reconstruct in detail the interrelationship between ice-sheet dynamics and organic carbon burial in the central Eurasian Basin during the last 430 kyr, and to correlate marine and terrestrial records of the Eurasian Ice Sheet (EIS) history. Using organic-geochemical bulk parameters (i.e., TOC, C/N ratios, Rock Eval) and biomarkers, we have identified prominent well-defined sections with strongly elevated concentration of ancient (petrogenic) predominantly terrestrial OC, coinciding with glacial time intervals of extended ice sheets and the subsequent terminations/deglacials. Based on the presence of specific biomarkers indicative for increased preservation of labile algae-type OC under anoxic sedimentary conditions, we demonstrate that even during strong glacial intervals there must have been at least occasionally open-water (polynya-type) conditions along the Eurasian continental margin in front of the ice sheet with marine and sea-ice algae productivity (cf., Fahl & Stein, 2012; Naafs et al., 2024). For details and methods, we also refer to Stein et al. (this paper)
Slope data of catchment area of Lake Łódzko-Dymaczewskie, Lake Dębno and Lake Trześniowskie in Poland
No full textThe dataset contains systematic observations of water parameters (t [°C], conductivity [μS·cm-1], pH, oxygen [mg·L-1], oxygen saturation [%], ORP [mV], TOC [mg·L-1], DOC [mg·L-1], chlorides [mg·L-1], sulphates [mg·L-1], nitrates [mg·L-1]), stable isotope composition of DIC (δ13CDIC; ‰V-PDB) and trace gas (CH4 [nmol·L-1], N2O [nmol·L-1], H2S [mg·L-1]) distribution in the water columns of three inland freshwater lakes in Poland (central-eastern Europe). The observations were collected monthly between July 2019 and July 2020 as well as quarterly between July 2021 and September 2022 from Lake Łódzko-Dymaczewskie, Lake Dębno and Lake Trześniowskie. The lakes show considerable variability of trophic conditions from mesotrophic (L. Trześniowskie) to highly eutrophic/hypetrophic (L. Łódzko-Dymaczewskie) as well as catchment morphology and land use. The bathymetric data and catchment characteristics for each lake are also provided in our database. The hadrochemical measurements and sampling was done in the deepest site in each lake using standard methods. H2S was determined spectrophotometrically on-site and the CH4 and N2O were analysed in the laboratory using gas chromatography. SO42-, Cl- and NO3- were determined with ion chromatography, HCO3- was manually titrated with HCl with regard to dye and DOC/TOC was analysed with TOC analyzer. Detailed methodology was described by Woszczyk & Schubert (2023). Creation of this dataset aimed at providing the first comprehensive set of information on the occurrence and formation of trace gases in Polish lakes. Special focus was put on potent greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O), which are expected to increase owing to the ongoing climate warming and accompanying environmental changes (Bartosiewicz et al. 2019). Such database is to extend the existing datasets from northern and western Europe by including observations from aquatic systems in which the GHG data was missing altogether. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, our database is one of the very few, to provide the limnological and biogeochemical community with systematic H2S data. So as GHG, the accumulation of this highly toxic gas in lake waters is projected to accelerate in the following decades. Our data can be used for calculating accumulation rates in water columns as well as to assess atmospheric emissions from lakes. Catchment and hadrochemical data can be used to decipher processes behind production and release of the trace gases from lakes to the ambient air
