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Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at station PS122/2_22-45 on 2020-01-28, survey 1, version 2.0
No full textTransmitted solar irradiance was measured using an ACC (Advanced-Cosine-Collector) RAMSES hyper-spectral radiometer (TriOS) mounted on the ROV during the MOSAiC expedition between November 2019 and September 2020 and normalized by the incident solar irradiance as measured using an ACC RAMSES hyper-spectral radiometer (TriOS) installed on the sea ice. All times are given in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)
Radiocarbon ages and sedimentation rates for sediment cores during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM96 from the Northeast Atlantic
No full textSamples were collected during cruise MSM96 in 2020. Sediment samples were washed through a 63 µm sieve and the forams in the > 63 µm fraction were picked. 14C ages were determined on planktonic foraminifera picked from sediment samples below the bioturbation depth (8 cm). For PAP, the species Globigerina bulloides were selected and for IAP the species Orbulina universa. Samples were analyzed by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at the Leibniz Laboratory, Kiel University. The conventional ¹⁴C age (radiocarbon age) was calculated according to (Stuiver & Polach, 1977). Conversion of radiocarbon ages to calendar years was performed using the Calib software (http://calib.org/calib/calib.html) (version 8.20) (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) and the Marine20 dataset (Heaton et al., 2020). A marine reservoir effect of 380 ± 60 years was used for the region (Tisnérat-Laborde et al., 2010). The depth-age relationship was then used to determine sedimentation rates, assuming constant sedimentation
Dissolved, soluble, and truly dissolved rare earth element and yttrium and manganese concentrations in bottom seawater from the Atlantic (MSM96)
No full textThe Neodymium (Nd) isotopic signature (εNd) has been widely used as a proxy to reconstruct past ocean circulation. Recently it has been increasingly questioned which archives can be reliably used to extract authigenic εNd used for the reconstruction of past ocean circulation and under which environmental conditions bottom seawater εNd are altered and the original water mass signature is overprinted. Pore waters of marine sediments are the key environment in which early diagenetic exchange processes between seawater-derived Nd and terrigenous solid phases take place. This dataset contains rare earth element and yttrium (REY) and manganese (Mn) concentrations of bottom seawater from the abyssal Atlantic Ocean.
Samples were collected during cruise MSM96 in 2020. Seawater samples were taken with NISKIN bottles attached to a CTD water sampling carousel. Samples were filtered using 0.8/0.2 µm Acropak capsule filters for the dissolved fraction (<0.2 µm), and subsequently through either 0.015 µm nuclepore membrane filters (Whatman; under gas pressure) for the soluble (<0.015 µm) fraction or ultrafiltered using a Millipore Pellicon 2 tangential flow ultrafiltration system with a 10 kDa nominal molecular weight cutoff (truly dissolved fraction <10 kDa). Samples were preserved by acidification to ~ pH 1.8 with concentrated ultrapure HCl.
REY and Mn were preconcentrated offline using a seaFAST (Elemental Scientific Inc., Nebraska, USA) with a 10 mL sample loop and using a NOBIAS PA-1 resin column. Samples were spiked with 100 ppt Tm and In to monitor yields and all REY were Tm corrected at the end of the data evaluation. Correction was usually within 5-15%. Preconcentrated samples were measured on a Thermo Fisher Element HR-ICP-MS (GEOMAR, Kiel) coupled to a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer for increased sensitivity and decreased oxide formation
Bulk sediment element concentrations and biogenic barium of IODP Site U1537
No full textBulk element concentrations were measured for a subset of samples on aliquots after digestion on an ICP-OES (Agilent 700 Series) at the Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University. Biogenic Barium (Babio) was calculated from Ba and Al concentrations following Nürnberg et al. (1997) with a detrital Ba/Al factor of 0.0067. Biogenic barium fluxes were calculated by 230Th normalization
XRF based barium and aluminium calibrated by punctual solution based ICP-OES analysis of IODP Site U1537
No full textBulk element concentrations were measured for a subset of samples on aliquots after digestion on an ICP-OES (Agilent 700 Series) at the Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University to calibrate XRF data. Biogenic Barium (Babio) was calculated from Ba and Al concentrations following Nürnberg et al. (1997) with a detrital Ba/Al factor of 0.0067
Diatom-based summer sea surface temperatures (SSST) and winter sea ice cover (WSI) reconstructions for sediment core PS58/270-5
No full textThis dataset contains summer sea surface temperatures (SSST) and winter sea ice cover (WSI) reconstructions for core PS58/270-5 collected during R/V Polarstern expedition ANT-XVIII/5a in 2001 (Miller, 2001). The SSST and WSI were calculated using transfer functions for diatom assemblages based on the Imbrie and Kipp method (IKM) (Esper and Gersonde, 2014a) and the modern analogue technique (MAT) (Esper and Gersonde, 2014b), respectively. The reported age model is derived from diatom-based stratigraphy and correlation of the SSST and Fe content with EDC ice core data (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.983158). This dataset uses a revised stratigraphy as section 1995-2095 cm was curated in reverse order
Micro rain radar (MRR) raw data measured at Neumayer Station (2019-03), links to files
No full textThe meteorological observatory Neumayer continuously operates a vertically looking single column 24 GHz meteorological Doppler radar (METEK MRR-PRO) to monitor hydrometeors. The instrument essentially records radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity in 128 vertical range gates. The vertical resolution is set to 50m, hence the maximal altitude is 6400m; the temporal resolution is typically 1 second. The instrument was initially installed in January 2019 and is mounted on the roof of the Neumayer Station III. Since the station altitude changes slightly over time the instrument height above sea level can change over time too. This is documented in the netCDF variable "range:meters_to_center_of_first_gate", initially 65m. Since installation an interfering signal which could not be readily identified and removed disturbs the measurements in range gates 7 to 10, i.e. 370m to 520m. The disturbance can easily be identified and filtered for analysis of the data. This dataset contains the full raw data from the instrument. All data published here is left "as recorded", no quality control was applied. Still, some concatenation and temporal re-sorting was sporadically applied to homogenise the temporal file granularity. Any such operations are documented in the netCDF global attribute "history" of the respective files
Micro rain radar (MRR) raw data measured at Neumayer Station (2020-06), links to files
No full textThe meteorological observatory Neumayer continuously operates a vertically looking single column 24 GHz meteorological Doppler radar (METEK MRR-PRO) to monitor hydrometeors. The instrument essentially records radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity in 128 vertical range gates. The vertical resolution is set to 50m, hence the maximal altitude is 6400m; the temporal resolution is typically 1 second. The instrument was initially installed in January 2019 and is mounted on the roof of the Neumayer Station III. Since the station altitude changes slightly over time the instrument height above sea level can change over time too. This is documented in the netCDF variable "range:meters_to_center_of_first_gate", initially 65m. Since installation an interfering signal which could not be readily identified and removed disturbs the measurements in range gates 7 to 10, i.e. 370m to 520m. The disturbance can easily be identified and filtered for analysis of the data. This dataset contains the full raw data from the instrument. All data published here is left "as recorded", no quality control was applied. Still, some concatenation and temporal re-sorting was sporadically applied to homogenise the temporal file granularity. Any such operations are documented in the netCDF global attribute "history" of the respective files
XRF scanner data (Si, Ca, Al, Fe, K, Ti, Ba, Sr) and calibrated high resolution element concentrations for sediment core PS58/270-5
No full textThis dataset contains XRF-scanner data for core PS58/270-5 collected during R/V Polarstern expedition ANT-XVIII/5a in 2001 (Miller, 2001) in the South Pacific Antarctic Zone (62.028°S, 116.123°W; 4981 m water depth). The XRF-scanner data were used in combination with element concentrations (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.983125) derived from discrete sample digests to produce high resolution downcore records for PS58/270-5. The reported age model is derived from diatom-based stratigraphy and correlation of SSSTs and Fe content with EDC ice core data (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.983158). This dataset uses a revised stratigraphy as section 1995-2095 cm was curated in reverse order
Age model for sediment core PS58/270-5
No full textThis dataset contains the age model for core PS58/270-5. The top part of PS58/270-5 was spliced with multicore PS58/270-1, which has been dated using 210Pbxs. The downcore tie points were derived from diatom-based stratigraphy (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.860926) and correlation of the SSST (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.983060) and Fe content (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.983156) with EDC ice core data. This age model is based on a revised stratigraphy, as section 1995-2095 cm was curated in reverse order