Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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Tolkens redbarhet : En studie om Kammarkollegiets redbarhetsbedömning
No full textFlera myndigheter ställer krav på tolkars kompetens och strävar efter att i första hand anlita auktoriserade tolkar. En tolk kan av olika skäl bli fråntagen sin auktorisation. Det saknas dock forskning om hur dessa fall bedöms. Denna fallstudie bygger på insamlat material i form av beslut från Kammarkollegiet och förvaltningsdomstolar om tilldelning av varning och upphävande av auktorisation och syftar till att ge ny kunskap om hur Kammarkollegiet bedömer anmälningar mot tolkar som misstänks för eller har gjort sig skyldiga till olika överträdelser. Särskilt fokus ligger på hur myndigheten bedömer tolkarnas redbarhet. Ur ett professionssociologiskt perspektiv är studien viktig för att tolkar som är verksamma inom offentlig sektor och arbetar i känsliga ärenden ska få ökad förståelse för hur riktlinjerna för deras verksamhet tolkas av den myndighet som utövar tillsyn.
Programming Through Sketching - Non-Linguistic Interaction with Generative AI
No full textGenerative AI technologies are rapidly being used in programming workflows, particularly for front-end and user interface development. However, many of these tools, including well-known platforms such as ChatGPT and Copilot, focus mainly on text-based prompts, which frequently fail to convey spatial relationships, layout hierarchies, and designer intent. This mismatch reduces usability, expressiveness, and creative control, particularly for visually oriented tasks. To address this gap, this study investigates how sketch-based, non-linguistic interaction can improve developer experience and AI-human collaboration in code generation. This study addresses three core questions: What limitations do programmers face when using traditional text-based AI tools for layout and interface generation? How does sketch-based interaction affect the expressiveness, control, and prototyping speed in AI-assisted programming? What are the UX implications of using multimodal (sketch + text) input when interacting with generative AI tools for code generation? A Design Science Research (DSR) approach was used to create and test a conceptual framework for sketch-based, multimodal engagement with generative AI. Eight experienced programmers took part in a hands-on UI development task, creating and submitting sketches (by hand drawing, Figma, or Photoshop) to AI tools including Lovable.dev, Cursor.com, and ChatlyAI. Semi-structured interviews were used to evaluate the artefact, with responses analysed with responses analyzed thematically to uncover trends in usability, learning, and creative involvement. The findings show that text-only inputs frequently resulted in misaligned or incomplete UI outputs, necessitating time-consuming changes. In contrast, sketch-based inputs allowed for clearer communication of layout purpose, faster prototyping, and less cognitive burden. Multimodal engagement, which combines visual sketching with minimum textual prompts, provided the most accurate and user-friendly outcomes. Participants expressed increased confidence, intuitive control over the AI, and better creative freedom. This research shows an underexplored but crucial finding: sketching can be used as a key input modality in AI-assisted programming, rather than just as a supplementary tool. While previous research focused on multimodal design systems, this study shows sketching's unique capabilities for layout reasoning, visual thinking, and collaborative coding with AI. By establishing sketch-based interaction as expressive and practical, the study provides the groundwork for future AI tools that better support visual programming workflows and reduce dependency on formal syntax
“Is this normal? Should it feel likethis?” : A qualitative study on women's experiences of having suffered fromfirst- and second-degree perineal tears
No full textStudiens syfte är att belysa kvinnors erfarenheter av förlossning, med särskilt fokus på postpartumperioden, dvs. tiden efter förlossningen. Vidare har vi valt att belysa erfarenheterna från kvinnor som drabbats av bristningar grad 1–2. Totalt genomfördes 8 semistrukturerade intervjuer och genom tematisk analys kom vi fram till 4 övergripande teman; Betydelsen av information, En känsla av övergivenhet, Vad är normalt? och Barnmorskans roll. Våra slutsatser är att kvinnorna upplever sig väl omhändertagna under graviditeten, då de går på täta kontroller. Efter förlossningen sker en fokusförflyttning från kvinnan till barnet; frågorna handlar inte längre om hur kvinnan mår utan om hur barnet mår. Detta leder till en känsla av övergivenhet. Brist på information gör det svårt att avgöra vad som är normalt och inte, och kvinnorna söker svar genom att jämföra sina erfarenheter med andra kvinnors. Slutligen fann vi att barnmorskan har en betydande roll för att skapa trygghet för kvinnan.The aim of this study is to shed light on women's experiences of childbirth, specifically focusing on the postpartum period, i.e. the time following childbirth. Furthermore, we have chosen to examine the experiences of women who have suffered from first- and second-degree perineal tears. A total of eight semi-structured interviews were conducted and through thematic analysis, we identified four main themes: The Importance of Information, A Feeling of Abandonment, Understanding What is Normal, and The Role of the Midwife. Our findings indicate that women feel well taken care of during pregnancy, due to frequent check-ups. However, after childbirth the focus shifts from the woman to the baby, with questions centered on the baby's well-being rather than the woman's, thus resulting in feelings of abandonment. The lack of information makes it difficult for women to determine what is normal and what is not, leading them to seek answers by comparing their experiences with those of other women. Finally, we found that the midwife plays an important role in providing a sense of security for the woman
Mathematical equivalence and grade 6 students’ errors
No full textPrevious research has stressed the importance of a good understanding of mathematical equivalence. However, despite decades of research, we still do not know to what degree the theory of operational understanding can explain errors. In this paper, children’s understanding of mathematical equivalence is studied using answers (n = 1608) and written solutions (n = 340) to a large-scale test. We identified tasks within the test designed to assess mathematical equivalence and first studied the consistency. Then, we did a qualitative analysis focused on error characteristics in the students’ answers. The results show that a large portion of the errors can be explained by an operational understanding, interpreted as grave errors. One conclusion is that most errors can be explained by the theoretical concept “operational view”. However, further quantitative analysis shows a considerable variation in the response rate, indicating students have both an operational and a relational understanding
The Handbook of Fashion Law
No full textOver the past few years, 'fashion law' has emerged as a vibrant field of inquiry. The legal and policy issues affecting the fashion sector have been investigated with increasing intensity, while a growing number of private practice lawyers and in-house counsel regard themselves as practising fashion law. But what is fashion law? And what are the specific legal challenges facing the fashion sector, as well as related solutions? The Handbook of Fashion Law seeks to answer these questions by bringing together multiple voices, approaches, and jurisdictions. Its contributions are organized into four thematic areas. Part I considers the legal infrastructure or the fashion and luxury industries, addressing issues related to intellectual property (IP) as well as the demands of the circular economy, protection of cultural heritage, and freedom of expression and information. Part II maps the IP dimensions of fashion by reviewing the application of design rights, copyright, trademarks, geographical indications, plant variety rights, and trade secrets. Part III analyses specific contractual issues arising in the fashion sector. It examines the application of principles and rules found in regulatory frameworks, including those governing advertising, competition, consumer, and tax laws. Finally, Part IV dissects and evaluates the role of new and emerging technologies in the fashion sector from a legal perspective. It considers concepts such as ecommerce, 3D printing, counterfeiting, artificial intelligence, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), the metaverse, gaming, and wearable technology. The Handbook of Fashion Law offers readers a multidisciplinary and multijurisdictional understanding of legal challenges facing the fashion sector. Bringing together a diverse range of experts, its contributions offer readers an in-depth, critical, and strategic understanding of the fashion industry's legal intricacies
Se honom, lyssna på honom och hjälp honom att lyckas i skolan : Specialpedagogers syn på delaktighet och lärande i skolan för pojkar 13–19 år involverade i kriminalitet
No full textDet här arbetet syftar till att undersöka specialpedagogers syn på möjligheter och hinder för delaktighet och lärande för pojkar i åldrarna 13–19 som är involverade i kriminalitet. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska teori, som beskriver hur ett barn växer upp omgiven av olika strukturer eller system (familj, skola, vänner, samhälle) som påverkar barnets utveckling. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio specialpedagoger har genomförts och sedan analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. De teman som studien resulterade i delades upp i två områden; teman som behandlar hinder för delaktighet och lärande i skolan och teman som behandlar möjligheter för delaktighet och lärande i skolan för målgruppen. Resultaten visar att det på en överordnad nivå förekommer hinder för delaktighet och lärande i skolan på grund av nedskärningar inom vård och omsorg, men att mycket handlar om hinder på individnivå såsom skolmisslyckanden, socioekonomiska förutsättningar, medicinska diagnoser samt missbruk, men också brist på samverkan mellan olika instanser runt barnet. Möjligheter för delaktighet och lärande i skolan är i stället tidiga insatser med fokus på lärande och delaktighet på många olika områden, med barnet i fokus, trygga relationer i och utanför skolan och att bli sedd och lyssnad på till exempel genom stöd från en specialpedagog. Slutsatserna som dragits i arbetet är att specialpedagoger ser tidiga insatser med fokus på delaktighet och lärande i ung ålder, som en möjlighet att hjälpa barn och unga att inte hamna i kriminalitet. De ser också samverkan både med hemmet, inom skolan och med olika samhällsinstanser som en förutsättning för att förebygga att ungdomar involveras i brottslighet, men också att barnet får möjlighet och stöd att skapa trygga relationer till vuxna och andra barn i och utanför skolan. Det informanterna ser som hindrande är de nedskärningar som sker inom vård och omsorg. De ser att insatser sätts in för sent och hur barn och unga gång på gång tillåts misslyckas i skolan och inte lär sig det de behöver för fortsatta studier, vilket leder till en avsaknad av delaktighet i skolan och ett utanförskap vilket främjar negativt identitetsskapande, i avsaknaden av trygga relationer och en delaktighet i skolan och lärandet som sker där. Detta kombinerat med eventuella NPF- eller IFdiagnoser, psykisk ohälsa och drogmissbruk leder enligt informanterna på sikt till en sårbarhet för inblandning i kriminalitet.
Mellan pärlor och ben : Genusuttryck på det vikingatida (ca 700–1050 e.Kr.) gravfältet vid Lilla Ullevi i Uppland
No full textThe burial ground of Lilla Ullevi in Uppland dates from the Late Vendel Period/Early Viking Age to the Early Christian period (c. 700-1050 AD). Although the burial ground has been previously studied, it has not been analysed from a gender perspective, which formes the basis of this thesis. The study examines how social relations and gender may have been expressed at the site and how these expressions may have changed over time
Pay Transparency and Resilient Institutions
No full textMuch of the focus on the EU Pay Transparency Directive (PTD) has been on the employers' duties with respect to pay transparency. However, the PTD goes far beyond the question of simply pay transparency by creating an institutional legal structure through which protections against human rights violations in the form of unlawful pay discrimination can be addressed. The current Directive not only fortifies the array of access to justice mechanisms available, but also adds injunctive relief, penalties, and equitable remedies. In addition, there is a strengthening of the positions of potential, current and former employees with respect to employers with regard to accessing information. Finally, an institutional complex is created as to enforcement, individuals, workers' representatives, equality bodies and labor inspectorates. The designated monitoring bodies close the loop by monitoring these processes as a whole. Together, these create a system that is well-suited to addressing human rights claims beyond those of equal pay. The EU Pay Transparency Directive (PTD) focused on employers' obligations regarding pay transparency. However, the directive goes far beyond simple pay transparency by establishing an institutional legal framework through which safeguards can be taken against human rights violations in the form of unlawful pay discrimination. The current directive not only expands the range of available legal protection mechanisms but also provides for injunctions, sanctions, and appropriate legal remedies. Furthermore, it strengthens the position of potential, current, and former employees vis-à-vis employers regarding access to information. Finally, it establishes an institutional enforcement complex involving individuals, employee representatives, equality bodies, and labor inspectorates. Designated monitoring bodies complete the cycle by overseeing these processes as a whole. Together, they form a system well-suited to addressing human rights claims beyond equal pay
Socio-ecological evaluation of threats to coastal marine ecosystems in southern Kenya
No full textSmall-scale fisheries are important for nutritional and income security for millions of people. In coastal Kenya, it sustains a large portion of the coastal communities, and these fisheries rely on wellfunctioning coastal ecosystems such as seagrass for their fishing. However, human development rates are increasing along the coast which can have ecological consequences to the ocean, and the coastal ecosystems are also threatened by fishing activities and climate change. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on how fisheries, human development and climate change are affecting coastal marine ecosystems. It is also important to understand how urban and rural fishers’ susceptibility to ecological decline differs, and ecological impact of eventual adaptation strategies. Therefore, this project has applied a social-ecological systems framework to understand the threats to marine ecosystems along an urban-rural gradient in southern coastal Kenya. Using a mixed-methods approach with ecological surveys of fish and seagrass meadows, as well as semi-structured interviews with small-scale fishers, several threats to coastal marine ecosystems were identified. Decline of fish and marine habitats was extensive over an urban-rural gradient. Climate change is a perceived over-arching threat to coastal ecosystems, and both urban and rural fishers were susceptible to its effects. Additionally, potentially harmful fishing practices were seen over the urban-rural gradient and some fishers directly attributed this to fish population decline. As a response to reduced fish yield, community-managed marine protected areas had been established, which improved ecosystem functions and benefited local fishers, although non-compliance and negative impacts on fishing activities was also seen. Another adaptation was increasing fishing effort or fishing in deeper waters, which could lead to negative ecological feedback loops and further ecological decline. These findings identify multiple threats to marine coastal marine ecosystems and show the importance of socio-ecological approaches for environmental management in Kenya.
"You Became a Bit Like a Circus Monkey"
No full textDenna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur män som studerar till förskollärare upplever yrkets starka könssegregation och hur de reflekterar kring dess påverkan på deras kommande etablering och karriär som förskollärare. Syftet mynnar ut i en problemformulering som fokuserar på att undersöka hur manliga förskollärarstudenter reflekterar kring sin anställningsbarhet efter utförd utbildning. Studien genomförs med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi, och datainsamlingen sker genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio manliga förskollärarstudenter från olika lärosäten i Sverige. Analysen av materialet genomförs med hjälp av teorierna Karriärskap och Glasrulltrappan. Studiens resultat visar på tudelade reflektioner och upplevelser hos respondenterna. Majoriteten av dem har dock en övervägande optimistisk uppfattning av bemötande och deras kommande etablering, vilket resulterar i slutsatsen att manliga förskollärarstudenter har en förhållandevis god tro på sin anställningsbarhet efter utförd utbildning. This essay aims to investigate how men who study to become preschool teachers experience the profession's strong gender segregation and how they reflect on its impact on their future establishment and career as preschool teachers. The purpose of this study is a problem statement that focuses on examining how male preschool teacher students reflect on their employability after completing their education. The study is carried out with a qualitative research strategy, and the data collection is done through semi-structured interviews with nine male preschool teacher students from different universities in Sweden. We interpret the analysis of the material with the help of the two theories Careership and The Glass Escalator. The results of the study show twofold reflections and experiences among the respondents. However, the majority of them have a predominantly optimistic perception of treatment and their future establishment, which results in the conclusion that male preschool teacher students have a relatively good belief in their employability after completing their education.