Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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Critical Multilingual Language Awareness Among Migrant Students : Cultivating Curiosity and a Linguistics of Participation
No full textThis paper draws from a collaborative project in which we piloted a Critical Multilingual Language Awareness approach (CMLA) in a preparatory class for recently arrived secondary school students in Sweden. We adapted material on Language Awareness from We Are Multilingual (https://www.wamcam.org). This adapted approach followed the five principles of educational design for multilingual learners, which also relate to cognitive, performative, affective, social and power domains of Language Awareness. Data consist of audio- and video-recorded interactions from classroom observations, student/teacher interviews, and teaching/student-produced material. With a process-oriented focus, we discuss student participation in this co-learning design as contingent upon practices of curiosity. A focus is also on the co-learning process through reflection on activity, and how cultivating new ways of listening, involving multilingual study mentoring, may spur linguistic participation
Green and Armed : ESG Funds and Defense Stocks Performance under Geopolitical Risk
No full textHeightened geopolitical tensions following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 have reshaped the landscape of sustainable finance. Although the concept of sustainable investing remains open to interpretation, the EU’s Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) aims to provide clarity by standardized ESG classifications. Defense-related holdings have since the invasion been included under SFDR Article 8, despite their historical classification as sin stocks. The shift raises questions about transparency, investor awareness and ethical considerations. While existing research examines ESG-labeled funds in relation to geopolitical risk, this thesis adds new dimensions by examining whether funds within the same regulatory classification behave differently based on defense stock inclusion. Using a quantitative and deductive approach, this study analyzes Nordic mutual equity funds classified under SFDR Article 8, covering the period from September 2018 to April 2025. It examines differences in monthly fund returns, flows and volatility between funds with and without exposure to defense in relation to changes in geopolitical risk (GPR). The regression results indicate no statistically significant difference between the two fund groups, while geopolitical risk shows a significant negative effect on both fund returns and flows. The findings suggest that geopolitical risk influences investor behavior, although the inclusion of defense does not. This contradicts theoretical expectations and may indicate limited investor awareness, questioning the transparency of current ESG classifications. The study highlights a need for further research but offers contribution by drawing attention to an evolving and relatively underexplored dilemma within sustainable finance
Tioårig grundskola 2028 : Lärares och specialpedagogers uppfattningar om införandet av en tioårig grundskola.
No full textFrågan om en tioårig grundskola har under senare år fått ökad uppmärksamhet i utbildningspolitiska och pedagogiska sammanhang. Reformen innebär att förskoleklassen i sin nuvarande form avskaffas och ersätts av en ny första årskurs i lågstadiet, vilket aktualiserar frågor om yngre barns lärande, undervisningens utformning samt hur stödinsatser och professionella roller organiseras i skolans tidiga år. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka hur förskollärare, lågstadielärare och specialpedagoger uppfattar den kommande reformen om en tioårig grundskola, med särskilt fokus på hur förändringen kan påverka undervisningen, elevers förutsättningar och det specialpedagogiska uppdraget. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är ett konstruktivistiskt perspektiv, där deltagarnas meningsskapande och yrkeserfarenheter står i centrum. Arbetet genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio yrkesverksamma i förskoleklass och årskurs F-3. Materialet analyserades tematiskt. Resultatet visar att reformen upplevs som oförankrad i skolans praktik. Sexåringens mognad och behov av lek lyfts som centrala faktorer samt att yrkesroller kan förändras på ett oklart sätt. Samtidigt ser deltagarna möjligheter till tidigare stödinsatser och ökad kontinuitet. Slutsatsen visar att informanternas uppfattningar präglas av en spänning mellan oro och möjligheter i relation till den kommande reformen. Denna spänning tar sin utgångspunkt i frågor om hur undervisning, stöd och professionella roller organiseras för yngre elever.
Why Generative Artificial Intelligence Does Not Survive First Contact with Bureaucracy
No full textGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly becoming a fixture in public policymaking, yet contemporary research often emphasizes its technical benefits while overlooking how institutional actors manipulate outputs to align with political objectives. That omission leaves unexamined how AI-generated insights are reframed, softened, or delayed within bureaucratic processes. The present study addresses this gap by examining how public institutions adapt to, contest, and reconfigure GenAI in practice. Rather than streamlining decision-making, GenAI redistributes discretion: upward to political elites who filter outputs for strategic alignment; and downward to technical staff who recalibrate conclusions under pressure. Findings reveal a form of algorithmic pliability, where the credibility of AI depends less on computational logic than on how it is negotiated within institutional hierarchies. This research advances theory by repositioning AI as a politically malleable actor and informs practice by identifying structural conditions that either constrain or enable the ethical use of AI in governance
From Kale to Paradise : Medieval Gardens in Sweden
No full textHow were gardens shaped, utilised, and viewed in the Middle Ages (c. 1050–c. 1525) in the area that today is Sweden? In the present study historical-archaeological methods inspired by an assemblage perspective are used to approach this question. The source material consists of archaeological remains, written material and images. Only sources that physically originated in, or were made for use within, the studied area are included. First, the origins of the popular myth that advanced horticulture and a large group of cultivated plants were introduced to Sweden by monks in the mid 12th century is examined, as well as the developments within Archaeology, Archaeobotany and Garden History that led to these perceived truths being called into question. Next, the direct archaeological remains of medieval gardens in 13 towns and 12 rural settings are mapped. The town gardens belonged to burgers, religious and secular aristocracy and religious orders, the rural gardens to five palace and castle environments, four rural monasteries and nunneries, two village farms and one solitary farm. The results are summarised and analysed thematically and chronologically. The written sources includes both documents and narrative, normative and instructive written material. Of the first category, mainly diplomas and town books are preserved, but also a few examples of late medieval accounts. Of the second category, the study includes laws, manuscript sections on herbal medicine in Old Swedish, the Revelations of Saint Birgitta, translated literature, and passages on Paradise, Gethsemane and The Garden of the Holy Sepulchre. In the concluding chapter the written sources are summarised, analysed, and compared with the archaeological material and images, both chronologically and thematically. The image material consists of almost 650 representations of gardens preserved in Sweden, 100 dated 1100–1400, the remainder 1400–1525. Most depict three Biblical garden environments: Paradise, Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives, and the Garden of the Holy Sepulchre. About 20 images dated c. 1425–1525 show scenes in other gardens. In the concluding chapter the garden imagery, and the garden elements depicted, are summarised, analysed, and compared with the archaeological and written sources. The last chapter contains a final summary and analysis, relating the findings presented in the three previous concluding chapters to each other, and to current knowledge of medieval gardens within a wider European context. Finally, some suggestions for future research are given. The thesis shows that gardens in the Middle Ages within Sweden were complex and ever-changing spaces. Gardens played important roles in food, fiber and medicine production, recreation, as well as social and cultural interaction
Comparing semantic frameworks for dependently-sorted algebraic theories
No full textAlgebraic theories with dependency between sorts form the structural core of Martin-Löf type theory and similar systems. Their denotational semantics are typically studied using categorical techniques; many different categorical structures have been introduced to model them (contextual categories, categories with families, display map categories, etc.) Comparisons of these models are scattered throughout the literature, and a detailed, big-picture analysis of their relationships has been lacking. We aim to provide a clear and comprehensive overview of the relationships between as many such models as possible. Specifically, we take comprehension categories as a unifying language and show how almost all established notions of model embed as sub-2-categories (usually full) of the 2-category of comprehension categories.Received the Best Paper award at APLAS 2024</p
Ingen plikt utan lika rättigheter: ett fädernesland värt att försvara? : Debatten om en utökad och allmän värnplikt under år 1885
No full textProductivity and plunder : Soybean frontier expansion and soil nutrient loss in the Argentine countryside
No full textThis compilation thesis investigates how Argentina’s rapid soybean expansion since the 1970s has fueled economic growth while causing significant environmental and social consequences, particularly soil nutrient loss. Existing research has overlooked critical gaps, including the under-representation of historical analyses connecting past agricultural expansion (primarily led by wheat) to current soybean dynamics, limited integration of biophysical and social analyses in understanding soil nutrient loss, insufficient comparisons of subnational differences in soybean production, and a need for more integrated interdisciplinary methods linking historical, ecological, and political-economic processes. This research combines economic history and political ecology in an interdisciplinary approach, applying key concepts such as commodity frontiers and social costs. The study employs a mixed-methods design that integrates quantitative and qualitative data. Historical analysis draws from agricultural censuses, localized agronomic studies, and production and trade databases as well as secondary sources and other grey literature to trace the development of soybean agriculture. Nutrient budget calculations for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are based on subnational agricultural production data and trade statistics. Additionally, expert interviews, primarily with agronomists, provide critical insights into contemporary regional production practices. The Pampas ecoregion is examined across all three papers, while two of them feature comparative subnational case studies of the Pampas and the Dry Chaco ecoregions, represented by Southern Córdoba and Eastern Santiago del Estero, respectively. Findings reveal stark regional differences: in the Pampas, long-established agrarian systems have supported production intensification, leading to gradual but persistent soil nutrient loss. In contrast, Eastern Santiago del Estero’s rapid agricultural expansion into fragile ecosystems has caused higher levels of nutrient loss due to minimal soil management. These trends are intensified by global market pressures, particularly European demand, which has historically incentivized extractive production over sustainable practices. This study concludes that soil nutrient loss is not external to the productive process, nor is it a technical issue that can be solved through economic incentives and technological fixes. Instead, it is a structural consequence of Argentina’s historical integration into global commodity markets. Moreover, it shows that while geographical variation and historical ruptures clearly exist, the structural patterns of Argentina’s insertion remain dominant drivers. By linking historical legacies and global economic forces to uneven agricultural development, this research offers critical insights into the long-term social and ecological consequences of global agricultural production.Unequal exchange and agrofood globalization: Nitrogen, soybeans and Latin Americ
The Role of Oxytocin Pathway Genes and Intranasal Oxytocin in Brain Structure and Connectivity : Insights into Neural Mechanisms
No full textOxytocin is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in human physiology and social behavior. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the influence of oxytocin pathway gene variations and intranasal oxytocin on neural structure and connectivity remain unclear. This thesis set out to explore these mechanisms, aiming to deepen our understanding of how oxytocin influences brain structure, resting-state functional connectivity, and social function. Study I examined the associations between variations in ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within three oxytocin pathway genes and whole-brain gray matter volume using data from the UK Biobank (N ≈ 30,000 subjects of relevance for the current studies). The results indicated that carriers of the AA or AG genotypes of the oxytocin receptor gene rs237851 SNP had significantly larger hippocampal volumes compared to carriers of the GG genotype. These findings support a link between variations in the oxytocin receptor gene and hippocampal structure, which may have implications for social-cognitive functions, such as social recognition memory. Study II investigated the relationship between variations in ten SNPs in oxytocin pathway genes and resting-state functional connectivity among 55 independent components, again using data from the UK Biobank (N ≈ 30,000 subjects of relevance for the current studies). Findings revealed that individuals with the GG genotype at rs4813627 within the oxytocin structural gene (OXT) exhibited weaker resting-state functional connectivity in the corticostriatal circuit compared to those with the GA/AA genotypes. The GG genotype has been empirically linked to a behavioral tendency of insensitivity to others, providing insight into the neural mechanisms by which oxytocin-related genetic factors influence social behavior. Study III explored the effects of intranasal oxytocin on resting-state functional connectivity, focusing on regions densely populated with oxytocin receptors. The study tested whether connections between oxytocin receptor-enriched regions (e.g., thalamus, pallidum, caudate nucleus, putamen, and olfactory bulbs) and other brain regions responded to intranasal oxytocin administration, and whether these effects varied with age. Results showed age-dependent effects of intranasal oxytocin on resting-state functional connectivity. In young participants, oxytocin decreased connectivity density and strength in the thalamus, whereas in older participants, it increased connectivity density and strength in the caudate. These findings highlight the age-dependent mechanisms of exogenous oxytocin on brain function. Overall, this thesis explores the potential neurobiological mechanisms by which oxytocin pathway gene variations and intranasal oxytocin may influence brain structure and resting-state functional connectivity. These studies provide preliminary evidence on how oxytocin might affect social functions, offering insights for future research in neuropsychology and potential directions for interventions targeting social cognitive disorders
Uncertainties among faculty working in Sweden : Experiences of and implications for the psychosocial work environment, health, well-being, and work-family interference
No full textResearch suggests that the current employment and working conditions in academia have implications for the health, well-being, and personal lives of faculty. Not only is this of concern regarding individual faculty and their lives, but there may be implications for quality in education and research, and society’s capacity to meet global challenges may be at stake. Empirical findings from international studies detail the insecurities and uncertainties associated with working in academia, which may explain various health-related consequences, yet the situation in Sweden remains largely understudied. Given that labor market institutions may shape employment and working conditions, context-specific investigations are needed to provide insight into the individual experiences of faculty in Sweden. This thesis seeks to address this knowledge gap by investigating uncertainties associated with working in Swedish academia, namely employment contract type and job insecurity, the psychosocial work environment, and any implications for faculty health, well-being and work-family interference. Three different methodological approaches are employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of faculty experiences in Sweden. Study I investigated permanent and fixed-term faculty experiences of the psychosocial work environment, specifically effort and reward, in relation to burnout, self-rated health, and work-family conflict (n = 2335). By means of a variable-oriented approach, consistent main effects were found across both contract groups: effort was associated with all three health-related outcomes, and reward was associated with burnout and self-rated health. Interaction effects were only found for permanent faculty. Overall, permanent and fixed-term faculty seem to appraise the psychosocial work environment in both similar and dissimilar ways, with health-related implications for faculty. Study II employed a person-oriented approach to explore faculty experiences of job insecurity (n = 2729). Profiles of job insecurity, consisting of quantitative and qualitative dimensions were identified and investigated in relation to health-related indicators including exhaustion, depressive symptoms, well-being, and work-family conflict. Five unique profiles of job insecurity were identified characterized by varying concurrent levels of quantitative and qualitative job insecurity. Increasingly insecure profiles coincided with poorer scores on all health-related indicators and the demographic compositions within profiles revealed that those most insecure held both permanent and fixed-term contracts. While the majority of faculty reported low levels of job insecurity, some faculty, belonging to the most insecure profile, may be at risk regarding their health and well-being. Study III explored individual faculty’s experiences of insecurity and eudaimonia, specifically psychological well-being, through qualitative interviews with 19 faculty. Through reflexive thematic analysis, two themes were developed: Staying afloat?, consisting of four subthemes, and I’m not yet where I’m supposed to be, consisting of three subthemes. Together the themes reveal how faculty navigate various tensions, related to the different dimensions of psychological well-being, in their experiences and pursuits of fulfillment. Experiences of insecurity do not preclude psychological well-being, rather, they seem to shape parallel manifestations of eudaimonia. The three empirical studies reveal that uncertainties associated with working in Swedish academia are related to faculty health, well-being, and their personal lives. Specifically, uncertainty in terms of employment contracts and job insecurity suggests that faculty without a “real” permanent employment are most vulnerable with regards to their health, well-being and experiences of work-family interference. Despite this, faculty with experiences of uncertainty still experience and pursue psychological well-being in various ways. These findings have implications for issues pertaining to sustainable work in Swedish academia.Forskning tyder på att anställnings- och arbetsvillkoren inom högskolan har implikationer för lärares och forskares hälsa, välbefinnande och privatliv. Det är inte enbart en fråga som rör enskilda lärare/forskare och deras liv, utan det kan även ha konsekvenser för kvalitet i högre utbildning och forskning och i förlängningen kan samhällets förmåga att möta globala utmaningar stå på spel. Internationella studier lyfter fram den otrygghet och osäkerhet som är kopplad till arbete inom högskolesektorn, vilket kan förklara olika hälsorelaterade konsekvenser. Dock är situationen i Sverige fortfarande i stort sett outforskad. Eftersom arbetslivets aktörer har en avgörande roll i utformning av anställnings- och arbetsvillkor behövs kontextuellt förankrade studier för att klargöra individuella erfarenheter bland lärare/forskare i Sverige. Den här avhandlingen syftar till att fylla denna kunskapslucka genom att undersöka osäkerheter relaterade till arbete inom svensk högskolesektor, i form av anställningsformer och anställningsotrygghet, psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorer och eventuella implikationer för hälsa, välbefinnande och konflikt mellan arbete och familj bland lärare och forskare. För att få en övergripande förståelse används tre olika metodansatser. I Studie I undersöktes tillsvidare- och visstidsanställdas upplevelser av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön, mätt i form av ansträngning och belöning, i relation till utbrändhet, självskattad hälsa samt konflikt mellan arbete och familj (n = 2335). Genom en variabel-orienterad ansats identifierades huvudeffekter i båda grupperna: ansträngning var genomgående förenad med alla tre hälsorelaterade indikatorer, medan belöning var förenad med utbrändhet och självskattad hälsa. Interaktionseffekter framkom endast för tillsvidareanställda. Sammantaget verkar både tillsvidare- och visstidsanställda uppleva den psykosociala arbetsmiljön på både liknande och olika sätt, vilket har hälsorelaterade implikationer. Studie II använde en person-orienterad ansats för att undersöka upplevelser av anställningsotrygghet (n = 2729). Profiler av anställningsotrygghet, inkluderande kvantitativa och kvalitativa dimensioner, identifierades och undersöktes i relation till hälsorelaterade indikatorer, såsom utmattning, depressiva symtom, välbefinnande och konflikt mellan arbete och familj. Fem unika profiler identifierades. Dessa kännetecknades av varierande samtidiga nivåer av kvantitativ och kvalitativ anställningsotrygghet. Mer otrygga profiler var förenade med sämre skattningar i alla hälsorelaterade indikatorer. Den demografiska sammansättningen i profilerna visade att de mest otrygga hade såväl tillsvidare- som visstidsanställningar. Även om majoriteten rapporterade låga nivåer av anställningsotrygghet framstår de som tillhör den mest otrygga profilen som mest sårbara och i riskzonen när det gäller hälsa och välbefinnande. I Studie III undersöktes enskilda individers upplevelser av osäkerhet och välbefinnande, i form av psykologiskt välbefinnande, genom kvalitativa intervjuer med 19 personer. Genom reflexiv tematisk analys identifierades två teman: Hålla sig flytande?, som består av fyra underteman, och Jag är ännu inte där jag borde vara, som består av tre underteman. Tillsammans visar dessa teman hur individer navigerar mellan olika spänningsfält, med koppling till olika aspekter av psykologiskt välbefinnande, i sina upplevelser och i sin strävan efter förverkligande. Upplevelser av osäkerhet utesluter inte psykologiskt välbefinnande, utan verkar snarare forma parallella uttryck av ett övergripande välbefinnande. Sammantaget visar de tre empiriska studierna att den osäkerhet som arbete inom den svenska högskolesektorn för med sig har koppling till hälsa, välbefinnande och privatliv. Osäkerhet i form av anställningsform och anställningsotrygghet tyder på att lärare och forskare utan en ”riktig” fast anställning är sårbara när det gäller hälsa, välbefinnande och upplevelser av konflikt mellan arbete och familj. Trots erfarenheter av osäkerhet finns fortfarande upplevelser och strävan efter välbefinnande. Dessa forskningsresultat har implikationer för frågor som rör hållbarhet i svensk högskolesektor