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Steiner/Waldorf education and anthroposophy : A literature review
No full textIn recent research the need for studies that provide comprehensive and systematic reviews of specific topic related to Steiner/Waldorf education has been highlighted. One such area is the relationship between Steiner/Waldorf education and anthroposophy where a significant amount of writing has been done over the years. The article focuses on two issues. First to provide an initial systematic review of the literature and second to look at how the discussion has evolved over time. The article reviews journal articles, books and research stretching back to 1968. The main findings are that the core of the discussion has largely remained the same: that anthroposophy is a method not a world view and that its importance for Steiner/Waldorf education lies in how it becomes a path for individual transformation not in it being a teaching or dogma. There is, however, a clear increase in writing from 2010 onward and with this a significant nuancing and deepening of the arguments from previous decades. Intersecting with that are different styles and approaches, one termed “maximalist” and one “minimalist” in the analysis, the former employing a style thick with Steiner quotes and anthroposophical content and the latter more focused on the epistemological aspects of anthroposophy with less emphasis on quotes from Steiner and content discussion.
Complex Normativity : Understanding the Relationship between Human Oversight by Design and Standardization in the Context of AI Development and Deployment
No full textThis chapter examines the relationship between Human Oversight by Design (HObD), as outlined in Article 14 of the AI Act, and socio-technical standardisation, aiming to understand their roles as regulatory techniques within AI development and deployment. It argues that the growing influence of sociotechnical standards, which aim to protect health, safety as well as fundamental rights, intersects with ‘Legal Protection by Design’ norms like HObD in ways that require critical legal analysis. By exploring these concepts through the lenses of rule setting, monitoring, and enforcement, the chapter highlights how public and private actors, particularly standardisation bodies and technology providers, are increasingly intertwined in regulatory processes. This shift toward co-regulation raises critical challenges related to ensuring accountability and maintaining the legitimacy of regulations influenced by private actors. Ultimately, the chapter demonstrates that the intersection of these hard and soft law approaches to AI regulation creates complex normative issues
Son preference across time and space
No full textFertility control seriously increased in most low and middle income countries during the recent half-century, making the role of parents’ preferences for children higher than it was before. Among these preferences, gender preferences deserve special attention. Parents’ desires to reach certain gender composition of children have various demographic consequences: in some countries they support fertility levels, whereas in others they result in dramatic disproportions of men and women in the population. At the same time, relative values of daughters and sons for parents give as a powerful “lens” through which gender asymmetries in the society can be observed. The preference to have more sons than daughters (or to have at least one son) is of special interest in this aspect, because it reflects patriarchal norms and values which are strongly present in many societies of the world. This doctoral dissertation in sociological demography concentrates on dynamics of preference for sons in those countries of Asia and Africa where this preference was known to be widely observed at least some decades ago. Under fertility decrease in these countries, gender preferences for children are expected to stronger shape reproductive behavior. At the same time, social changes going in these countries, like urbanization, growth of women’s educational levels and labor market participance, are associated with higher gender egalitarianism compared to “traditional” agrarian societies. Do parents depart from son preference to the preference for balanced gender composition in this context? The dissertation contributes to studying this issue, looking consecutively at three dimensions of gender preferences for children: gender composition ideals, desires to have one more child and actual fertility. The dissertation consists of three independent studies. Study I offers the first attempt to systematically compare role of men’s and women’s gender composition ideals about children for fertility in low and middle income countries. Analyzing data of Demographic and Health Surveys held in 45 countries between 2010 and 2021, it demonstrates that, in contrast to earlier results of some country-specific studies, women’s unmatched gender composition ideals have stronger impact upon plans to have one more child than unmatched ideals of their partners. Study II considers how women’s desires about the next child depend upon gender composition of children already born in nine countries where son preference dominates in actual fertility. It is shown that while desires to have one more child within a short time period are associated with having no son, the desire to stop fertility is most probable among women who have children of both sexes. However, as shown in Study III, the preference for balanced gender composition of children so far hardly penetrates from desires for the next child to actual fertility: in countries of Asia and North Africa where son preference is mainly observed in parity progressions, its effects become only stronger in transition to the third parity from the 1950s to the 1980s birth cohorts of women. The thesis contributes to knowledge on fertility change in low and middle income countries and can be helpful in elaborating policy measures against negative demographic consequences of “asymmtetric” gender preferences for children
The Scattering Amplitudes of Bimetric Theory
No full textBimetric theory describes a massless spin-2 field interacting with a massive spin-2 field. This theory has been the subject of substantial investigation in the literature: for instance, it has intriguing connections to dark matter and remains compatible with current cosmological models. However, one area that has remained largely unexplored is the study of scattering amplitudes in bimetric theory, primarily due to the computational complexity involved. The aim of this thesis was therefore to compute the tree-level scattering amplitudes in bimetric theory. This thesis provides, to our knowledge, the first complete and systematic calculation of all distinct 2 → 2 tree-level amplitudes in bimetric theory. The amplitudes were calculated using Mathematica, together with the packages FeynRules, FeynArts and FeynCalc. When comparisons with existing results in the literature were possible, agreement was found, for example, the tree-level four-point amplitudes involving only massless spin-2 particles were shown to match known results. In total, all 100 distinct helicity configurations of tree-level 2 → 2 amplitudes were calculated. Among these, the configurations involving a massless spin-2 particle exhibited the required mass-shell gauge symmetry. The effective field theory cutoff scale Λ for bimetric theory was also estimated. This was shown to be in agreement with the cutoff of massive gravity limit after taking the massive gravity limit of bimetric theory. Furthermore, the amplitudes displayed the expected structure in terms of Mandelstam invariants, as dictated by causality.
Fyra olika svenska ”Idioter” : En jämförande översättningsstudie av fyra svenska översättningar av Dostojevskijs roman ”Idioten” (1869)
No full textStudien är baserad på en kvantitativ och kvalitativ jämförande analys av Fjodor Dostojevskijs roman ”Idioten” (1869) och dess fyra svenska översättningar (1919–1920, 1928, 1988, 1989) med utgångspunkt i Lawrence Venutis etiska förhållningssätt om domesticerande/främmandegörande översättningsstrategier (1995) och Mona Bakers tillvägagångssätt till översättning av ord som saknar ekvivalens i målspråket (1992). Studien utreder hur översättarna hanterar det ”oöversättbara” på ord- och frasnivå i ett litterärt verk av hög prestige. Resultatet visar att de fyra “idioterna” är mycket domesticerade – mer än det var minimalt nödvändigt, åtminstone när det gäller för källkulturen unika ord, men ändå olika, varav den som genomfördes av översättaren med ryskt ursprung – mest annorlunda. The study is based on a quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel “The Idiot” (1869) and its four Swedish translations (1919–1920, 1928, 1988, 1989) from the perspective of Lawrence Venuti’s ethic stance of domesticating/foreignizing translation strategies (1995) and Mona Baker’s approach to translation of non-equivalence (1992). The study explores how the translators handle the “non-translatable” at the word and the phrase levels in a literary work of high prestige. The results show that the four “idiots” are very domesticated – more than it was minimally necessary, at least when it comes to words unique to the source culture, but still different, of which the one executed by the translator of Russian origin – most of all
Firm-Level Responses to Emissions Trading in Sweden : A semi-parametric difference-in-differences approach
No full textThis thesis investigates firm-level responses to the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) in Sweden, contributing to the literature on the economic impacts of market-based climate policy. Leveraging microdata on 280 Swedish firms, I estimate the e!ects of EU ETS participation on operating profit, employment, value added, and patent expenditure, using a matched difference-in-differences design. Treatment is assigned based on installation-level capacity thresholds, generating quasi-experimental variation across firms. The results indicate that EU ETS participation did not adversely a!ect firm-level economic performance. By contrast, treated firms displayed resilience, with no detectable reductions in profitability or employment, and possible evidence of increased patent investment and value added. These findings suggest that the EU ETS incentivised cleaner production without imposing significant economic costs on Swedish firms. Sweden’s policy context provides a valuable setting to assess how environmental regulation can align with firm performance and innovation. The results support the potential of well-designed carbon pricing instruments to sustain both climate and economic objectives
Research questions and perspectives on controversial issuesin religious education : An examination of material about controversial issues inreligious education provided by Swedish government agencies and municipaladministrations
No full textKorsningskompetenser : I skärningspunkten mellan språk, litteratur och Bildung
No full textI presentationen beskrivs resultat från det praktiknära, litteraturdidaktiska projektet Korsningskompetenser, som initierats i samverkan mellan lärare och forskare inom forskningsplattformen Stockholm Teaching and Learning Studies. I projektet undersöks hur litteraturundervisningen, genom att uppmärksamma specifika och betydelsebärande språkliga aspekter i det lästa, parallellt kan främja elevers språkutveckling och förmåga att tolka skönlitterära texter.En central utgångspunkt för projektet är idén om korsningskompetenser: att skönlitteratur har en särskild potential att utveckla förmågan till fördjupad tolkning, förmågan till kritiskt tänkande och förmågan till språklig förståelse. Detta innebär i förlängningen att undervisning om skönlitteraturens tematiska och språkliga aspekter också kan främja det vi förstår som bildning (Jfr Aase m.fl., 2013; Strandberg & Toropainen, 2022).Projektets metodologi utgår från lärar- och forskarkollaborativ designbaserad forskning (Cobb m.fl., 2003) där undervisning planeras, genomförs, dokumenteras och analyseras gemensamt för att gradvis hitta och förfina fruktbara designprinciper för utformning av undervisning. Analysen av lärares undervisningsdesign tar sin utgångspunkt i såväl lingvistisk teori (Myhill, 2021) som teorier om Bildung (Sjöström & Eilks, 2025).Datamaterialet utgörs av elevtexter, inspelade elevsamtal, lektionsmaterial och lärarnas reflektioner. Undervisningen i de olika delprojekten spänner över lyrik och på skönlitterära verk som Tomtebobarnen, Mio min Mio, Agnes Cecilia och Doktor Glas. Exempel på språkliga aspekter som behandlats är gestaltningar, kontraster, dialoger och ålderdomliga språkformer.I presentationen ges inblickar i korsningskompetensbaserad undervisning, med utgångspunkt i ett exempel från lyrikundervisning i en vuxenutbildningskontext. Exemplet visar hur undervisningen utifrån ett medvetet urval av tankemässigt stimulerande dikter och med användning av både spontan och planerad stöttning kan lyfta fram såväl litterära som språkliga och bildningsmässiga aspekter. Referenser Aase, L., Fleming, M., Pieper, I. & Sâmihăian, F. (2007). Text, literature and “Bildung” –comparative perspectives. I I. Pieper (Red.). L. Aase, M. Fleming & F. Sâmihăian. Text, literature and “Bildung” (s. 7–30). Council of Europe.Cobb, P., Confrey, J., DiSessa, A., Lehrer, R. & Schauble, L. (2003). Design experiments in educational research. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 9–13.Myhill, D. (2021). Grammar re-imagined: Foregrounding understanding of language choice in writing. English in Education, 55(3), 265–278.Sjöström, J., & Eilks, I. (2025). The Bildung Theory: From Von Humboldt to Klafki and Beyond. I B. Akpan & T. J. Kennedy (Red.), Science Education in Theory and Practice: An Introductory Guide to Learning Theory (s. 33–46). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81351-1_353Strandberg, A. & Toropainen, O. (2022). ”Det bygger liksom på att man vet sammanhanget”: Elevers resonemang om syntaktisk (o)fullständighet i en skönlitterär text. Nordic Journal of Literacy Research, 8(1), 1–21.Muntlig paperpresentation hållen vid Linköpings Universitet, 2025-10-03STL
‘You have this pressure from above’ : Exploring provision of educational support within tensions of organisational and professional logics
No full textThis article explores how provision of educational support is influenced by tensions between organisational and professional logics in two Swedish lower secondary schools. Based on extensive fieldwork over three academic semesters, including interviews and observations, findings make visible how the dominance of organisational logics hinder equitable provision of educational support. Findings are analysed with the theoretical framework of organisational and professional logics, using the concepts of time poverty, ethical stress, and empaperment to highlight the implications of the tensions between organisational and professional logics. Documentation is made instrumental for purposes of accountability rather than enhanced teaching, leading teachers to spend time on reporting tasks they have a hard time making meaningful. In response, school staff simplify or defer tasks, which can result in illusional support – support that is documented but not meaningfully enacted. This aggravates ethical stress and time poverty at the same time as it undermines equitable access to educational support, particularly disadvantaging pupils from migrated families. The concluding discussion addresses that the dominance of organisational logics compromises both educational equity and professional practice, and that the domination of organisational logics – if persistent – can mitigate efforts or reforms intended to improve the situation for teachers and pupils in schools
Bodies Draped in Pleats: Exploring the Space Between the Body and the Fold in Issey Miyake’s Garments
No full textThe Japanese designer Issey Miyake disrupted the Western fashion landscape at the end of the 20th century by introducing simple and abstract designs that liberated the body from restrictive sartorial norms. Taking a closer look at the heat-pressed polyester folds in his pleated garments, a sense of freedom unfolds once they flow around the living body. This study positions the fluid and dynamic nature of the fold and its unique relationship with the body at the forefront, exploring the implications of dress for lived experience, which have hitherto taken up little space within academia. It aims to tackle this by bridging history, theory, and practice. Drawing on theoretical concepts by Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze, it investigates the affective dimension of Issey Miyake’s pleat. Complementing this discussion with qualitative interviews, it explores how the fold’s theoretical significance may translate into reality and what impact it has on bodily sensations, perceptions, and comportment through the world. In extension, this thesis takes into consideration how the fold in fashion may transform the body it drapes, and seeks to identify its potential for a transgression of boundaries